shockingly brief yet rich history of electrochemistry galvani – frog legs~1780 volta –...
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Shockingly Brief yet Rich History of electrochemistry
•Galvani – frog legs~1780
• Volta – battery~1800
•Davy- electrolysis~1820
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Chemistry born from dead frogs
Luigi Galvani nasce a Bologna nel 1737.
Physiologist noticed legs of dead frogs twitched when his steel scalpel touched brass staples used pin down frog legs
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Galvani thought he discovered animal electricity,
but he just found a delectable appetizer!
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Allessandro Volta (volt)
• Didn’t buy Galvani’s explanation
• Enjoying sticking 2 metals on his tongue, and got same twitching as frog legs
• Invented the “pile”, a.k.a battery:
More layers could be “piled” on to get higher voltages & currents
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Volta’s pile ~ same 200 yrs later!
Zn anode oxidation (-) Cu cathode reduction (+)
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Electrochemistry under the hood
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Making a battery work:Pick 2 different metals
Standard Reduction Potential (Eo):- The metal that will act as the cathode, be
reduced, gain electrons has the most positive potential (electrons flow to +)Ag+ Eo= +.80
Cu++ Eo= +.34
Zn++ Eo= -.76
Al+++ Eo= -1.7
Example: Cu|Zn has Eo = 1.1V (zinc is oxidized so it’s Eo sign is reversed)
Electrons flow from negative Cu anode to positive Zn cathode
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Davy- cocky inventor of electrolysis
Sir Humphry Davy
Detested Gravy
He lived in the odium
there he discovered sodium
Only scientist besides Newton to be knighted
Contemporary of Volta, Ampere, Gay-Lusaac, assistant was Faraday
Discovered many elements(Na,Ca,Mg,K,Ba,Sr) arc lamps, laughing gas (N2O), water electrolysis, showed oxidation need not oxygen,CO2
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Electrolysis- Davy’s Domain
Volta – 2 different metals produces currentDavy - chemical reactions produce current
Electrolysis- use a battery to drive & even reverse reactions! * almost any compound can be oxidized or
reduced using the right voltage!
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Electrolytic cell
• non-spontaneous reactions (negative total potential) are possible using a battery
• Negative end of battery provides electrons so reduction can occur at the cathode (-)