Lecture Notes

Classroom Activity to Accompany Diseases of the Human Body Fifth EditionCarol D. Tamparo Marcia A. Lewis

7Mental Health Diseases and

Disorders

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I will work in my own way, according to the light that is in

me.

—Lydia Maria Child

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Integration of health care and mental health care

• Today, primary care providers and mental health specialists work collaboratively

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Cost of mental health care

• 26% of US population diagnosed with a mental disorder each year

• 15% of total burden of disease by 2020

• Mental disorders not usually covered by health insurance

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Diagnosis

•Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR)

• Published by American Psychiatric Association

• Guide to diagnostic criteria

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Diagnoses of mental health disorders and diseases are classified by the 1. American Psychological Society2. DSM-IV-TR3. Insurance providers4. Mental Health Association

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Mental Status Examination

• Assessment for suspected mental disorder includes

• Appearance• Speech• Motor activity• Mood• Perceptions• Thought content• Judgment

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Nature versus nurture

• Nature: already determined; difficult or impossible to alter

• Nurture: continuously influenced by others

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Depression: feeling of hopelessness, worthlessness, guilt, despair, and having difficultly working, sleeping, and enjoying life

• Bipolar disorder: cycling between depression and mania; also called manic-depression

• Schizophrenia: altered sensory perception with physical and psychological changes that affect brain functioning, behavior patterns, and the five senses

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Anxiety disorders

• Generalized anxiety: excessive and unrealistic worry

• Obsessive-compulsive: persistent exaggerated thoughts or actions that reflect exaggerated fear

• Panic disorder: recurrent episodes of apprehension, terror, or impending doom

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Anxiety disorders (cont.)

• Post-traumatic stress: persistent psychological consequences that occur after a traumatic event

• Phobias: persistent and irrational fear of an object, activity, or situation

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Personality disorders

• Anti-social: pattern of disregard for rights of others

• Border-line: pattern of attention seeking and excessive emotions

• Narcissistic: lack of empathy; need for admiration and grandiosity

• Avoidant: pattern of feelings of inadequacies; hypersensitivity to criticism

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Substance abuse and dependence

• Addiction: both physical and psychological

• With addiction comes tolerance where use must be increased to achieve the previous affects

• Polysubstance dependence is the use of three or more substances

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Disorders generally diagnosed during childhood or adolescence

• Intellectual disability: also known as cognitive disability or mental retardation

• Autism spectrum disorders: pervasive developmental disorders

• Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Disorders generally diagnosed during childhood or adolescence (cont.)

• Anorexia nervosa: imposed starvation and irrational fear of gaining weight

• Bulimia nervosa: repetitive gorging with food followed by self-induced vomiting

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Sexual disorders

• Dyspareunia: refers to pain that is associated with sexual intercourse

• Male erectile dysfunction: inability to achieve or sustain an erection

• Female sexual arousal disorder: inability to achieve orgasm

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Mental Health Diseases and Disorders• Sexual disorders (cont.)

• Premature ejaculation: persistent or recurrent onset of orgasm and expulsion of seminal fluid before complete erection of the penis

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Credits

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