Chapter 4 NotesChapter 4 Notes

Frederick Douglas, Frederick Douglas, escaped slaveescaped slave

made speeches made speeches against slaveryagainst slavery

owned newspaper owned newspaper called “North Star”called “North Star”

Abolition - Effort to end slaveryAbolition - Effort to end slavery

Compromise of 1820Compromise of 1820“Missouri Compromise”“Missouri Compromise”

Missouri, a Missouri, a slave territory, slave territory, applied to be a applied to be a StateState

would be would be admitted if admitted if Maine was Maine was admitted as a admitted as a Free StateFree State

maintains the balance of power in congress maintains the balance of power in congress (12 Free/12 Slave)(12 Free/12 Slave)

Drew a line dividing the Louisiana TerritoryDrew a line dividing the Louisiana Territory everything above must be free, except everything above must be free, except

MissouriMissouri

Nat TurnerNat Turner Virginia slave, led Virginia slave, led

slave revolt, 1831slave revolt, 1831 50 followers 50 followers

attacked 4 attacked 4 plantations plantations killing 60 peoplekilling 60 people

eventually eventually captured and captured and hangedhanged

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 California California

admitted as Free admitted as Free StateState

South was given South was given The Fugitive Slave The Fugitive Slave LawLaw runaway slaves runaway slaves

were to be were to be returned even if returned even if caught in the caught in the NorthNorth

““The Underground Railroad”The Underground Railroad”

Secret network of Secret network of volunteers who hid volunteers who hid fugitive slaves fugitive slaves fleeing northfleeing north

1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act1854 - Kansas-Nebraska Act ““Popular Popular

Sovereignty”Sovereignty” allow allow

people to people to decide decide whether or whether or not to have not to have slaveryslavery

cancels cancels Missouri Missouri CompromiseCompromise

““Bleeding Kansas”- 1855Bleeding Kansas”- 1855 Kansas became battleground over Kansas became battleground over

slaveryslavery some say Civil War actually started heresome say Civil War actually started here

1857 - Dred Scott Case1857 - Dred Scott Case

moved from slave moved from slave state to free state state to free state and back to slave and back to slave statestate

Dred Scott sued Dred Scott sued for his freedom for his freedom

Supreme Court Supreme Court ruled that slaves ruled that slaves are considered are considered property and have property and have no rightsno rights

1858-Lincoln-Douglas debates1858-Lincoln-Douglas debates U.S. senate race- U.S. senate race-

IllinoisIllinois Douglas was for Douglas was for

popular sovereigntypopular sovereignty Lincoln said Union Lincoln said Union

could not exist half could not exist half slave, half freeslave, half freeAA

““House dividedHouse divided against itself, against itself, cannot stand.”cannot stand.”

Douglas wins but Douglas wins but Lincoln becomes Lincoln becomes popularpopular

Nov. 1860 - Lincoln elected 16thNov. 1860 - Lincoln elected 16th President,President, (ultimate cause of Civil (ultimate cause of Civil War)War)

Dec. 1860 – South Carolina Dec. 1860 – South Carolina secedes from the Unionsecedes from the Union

10 other slave 10 other slave states states (including (including Texas)Texas) seceded seceded forming forming The The Confederate Confederate States of AmericaStates of America

Four slave states did not secede/became Four slave states did not secede/became known as known as “Border States”“Border States” ( (Missouri, Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, DelawareKentucky, Maryland, Delaware))

Fort SumterFort Sumter

Union fortUnion fort Falls to south Falls to south starts combatstarts combat

CIVIL WAR 1861-1865CIVIL WAR 1861-1865

Northern LeadersNorthern Leaders

President Abraham President Abraham LincolnLincoln

from 1863from 1863 - General - General Ulysses S. GrantUlysses S. Grant

Southern LeadersSouthern Leaders

President President

Jefferson DavisJefferson Davis

General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. Lee

StrategiesStrategies NorthNorth blockade southern portsblockade southern ports

Stop trade with EuropeStop trade with Europe

split South in half by capturing Mississippi Riversplit South in half by capturing Mississippi River capture Richmond, Virginia capture Richmond, Virginia

South’s capitalSouth’s capital

South South Fight a defensive warFight a defensive war

attack if possibleattack if possible

UnionUnion

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

•PopulationPopulation

•Larger militaryLarger military

•More FactoriesMore Factories

•More Rail linesMore Rail lines

Poor leadersPoor leaders

Did not know the Did not know the landland

No Cause (save No Cause (save the Union) until the Union) until 1863 (Free the 1863 (Free the slaves)slaves)

Confederate

ADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGES

• Fight a defensive warFight a defensive war

• Knew the landKnew the land

• Great leadersGreat leaders

• Cause, Cause, INDEPENDENCEINDEPENDENCE

• Smaller populationSmaller population

• Smaller militarySmaller military

• Fewer factoriesFewer factories

• Fewer rail linesFewer rail lines

Major BattlesMajor Battles

July, 1861 Battle of Bull RunJuly, 1861 Battle of Bull RunManassas, VirginiaManassas, Virginia

first land battlefirst land battle 25 miles from D.C.25 miles from D.C. North expected quick, North expected quick,

easy victoryeasy victory major victory for major victory for

SouthSouth many southern many southern

soldiers thought soldiers thought war war was over and went was over and went home to celebratehome to celebrate

1861-Antietam, MA.1861-Antietam, MA. bloodiest single bloodiest single day battleday battle 26,000 total casualties26,000 total casualties

1862-Shiloh, Tenn.1862-Shiloh, Tenn.

North begins North begins splitting South splitting South in half in Tenn.in half in Tenn.

Battle of the Ironclads Battle of the Ironclads 18621862

July, 1863-Vicksburg, Miss. and July, 1863-Vicksburg, Miss. and Gettysburg, Pa.Gettysburg, Pa.

both major victories both major victories for the Northfor the North

VicksburgVicksburg split the Southsplit the South

GettysburgGettysburg South lost 28,000 South lost 28,000

menmen turning point in the turning point in the

warwar southern morale southern morale

dropsdrops

1863-Gettysburg Address1863-Gettysburg Addresshonoring the fallen after the battlehonoring the fallen after the battle

1863-Emancipation 1863-Emancipation ProclamationProclamation

speech made by speech made by Lincoln freeing Lincoln freeing slaves in the south slaves in the south onlyonly

changed the cause changed the cause for the Northfor the North

1864 - Sherman’s March to the Sea1864 - Sherman’s March to the Sea

from from Tenn. Tenn. through Georgiathrough Georgia

burned/destroyed burned/destroyed farms, cities, farms, cities, railroadsrailroads – 1 – 1stst total total warwar

Atlanta totally Atlanta totally destroyeddestroyed

splits South againsplits South again

April, 1865-Appomattox Court House, Va.April, 1865-Appomattox Court House, Va. Lee surrenders to Grant Lee surrenders to Grant with generous with generous termsterms, , war endswar ends

THE RECONSTRUCTION THE RECONSTRUCTION ERAERA

(1865-1877)(1865-1877)

Two Different PlansTwo Different Plans

Lincoln’s Plan Lincoln’s Plan reunite the nationreunite the nation very lenientvery lenient

Radical RepublicansRadical Republicans make the South “pay” for starting the warmake the South “pay” for starting the war military occupation of the South military occupation of the South Black suffrageBlack suffrage

Voting rightsVoting rights

April, 1865 Lincoln assassinated April, 1865 Lincoln assassinated By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s By John Wilkes Booth at Ford’s

TheatreTheatre Radical Reconstruction wins controlRadical Reconstruction wins control

Andrew Johnson - presidentAndrew Johnson - president

Lincoln’s V.P. Lincoln’s V.P. tried to run tried to run

Lincoln’s plan Lincoln’s plan not strong enough not strong enough

to control Congressto control Congress 11stst President to President to

become impeachedbecome impeached Be accusedBe accused

Johnson’s Impeachment Johnson’s Impeachment TrialTrial Came within one vote of being removed Came within one vote of being removed

from officefrom office

South divided into military districtsSouth divided into military districts

Controlled by military governorsControlled by military governors

A different type of A different type of invasioninvasion

SharecroppingSharecropping

new form of new form of slavery startsslavery starts ex-slaves agree ex-slaves agree

to farm land to farm land owned by owned by someone elsesomeone else

able to keep able to keep some of the crop some of the crop for themselvesfor themselves

always in debtalways in debt

Ku Klux Klan bornKu Klux Klan born goal goal

rid south of rid south of ReconstructionReconstruction

intimidate ex-slavesintimidate ex-slaves

Civil War Amendments Civil War Amendments passedpassed 1865 - 131865 - 13thth

outlawed slaveryoutlawed slavery

1866 - 141866 - 14thth

ex-slaves became U.S. citizensex-slaves became U.S. citizens

1870 - 151870 - 15thth

ex-slaves given the right to voteex-slaves given the right to vote

Southern States Southern States pass pass “Black Codes”“Black Codes” which limit ex-slaves which limit ex-slaves

rightsrights

Jim Crow LawsJim Crow Laws made segregation made segregation

legal in the Southlegal in the South