Biomedical waste Biomedical waste managementmanagementBy group By group II (KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM (KHADIJAH WALI,AQSA ANWAR,ARSHAM TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and TORKAMAN,EBRAHIM JOOSAB,FAISAL FAROOQ and ALI SOHAIL)ALI SOHAIL)

Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives

Define biomedical waste Define biomedical waste managementmanagement

Classification of biomedical Classification of biomedical waste managementwaste management

Disposal of biomedical Disposal of biomedical wastes.wastes.

Biomedical waste Biomedical waste managementmanagement

DefinitionDefinition:: “ “Bio Medical waste” is any waste, Bio Medical waste” is any waste,

which is which is

generated during the diagnosis, generated during the diagnosis, treatment treatment

or immunization of human beings or or immunization of human beings or

animals or in research activities animals or in research activities pertaining pertaining

to or in the production or testing of to or in the production or testing of

biologicals and categoriesbiologicals and categories..

Healthcare wasteHealthcare wasteDefinitionDefinition

Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the Healthcare waste (HCW) is defined as the total waste stream from a healthcare facility total waste stream from a healthcare facility (HCF)(HCF)

Two basic categoriesTwo basic categories Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90%Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) 75-90% Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) 10-25%

Healthcare general Healthcare general wastewaste

Healthcare General Waste (HCGW)Healthcare General Waste (HCGW) Paper PackagingPaper Packaging Plastic packagingPlastic packaging Food preparationFood preparation And other items that haven’t been And other items that haven’t been

contaminatedcontaminated

Healthcare risk wasteHealthcare risk waste

Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW)Healthcare Risk Waste (HCRW) Infectious wasteInfectious waste Hazardous wasteHazardous waste Harmful to humans and environmentHarmful to humans and environment

SOURCE OF SOURCE OF BIOMEDICALBIOMEDICAL WASTEWASTE

Biomedical waste is generated in: Biomedical waste is generated in:

hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, hospitals, nursing homes, clinics, medical laboratories, blood banks, medical laboratories, blood banks, animal houses etc. Such a waste can animal houses etc. Such a waste can also be generated at home if health also be generated at home if health care is being provided there to a care is being provided there to a patient patient (e.g. injection, dressing (e.g. injection, dressing material etc.)material etc.)

ComponentsComponents

Solids:Solids: Catheters and tubesCatheters and tubes Disposable masks and scrubsDisposable masks and scrubs Disposable toolsDisposable tools Medical glovesMedical gloves Wound dressingsWound dressings

Contd…Contd…

Liquids:Liquids:

BloodBlood Body fluids and tissuesBody fluids and tissues Cell, organ and tissue culturesCell, organ and tissue cultures

Contd…Contd…

Sharps:Sharps: Blades (Razor or Scalpel)Blades (Razor or Scalpel) Material made up glass such as Material made up glass such as

cuvettes and slides.cuvettes and slides. NeedlesNeedles Plastic pipettes and syringesPlastic pipettes and syringes

Contd…Contd…

Laboratory waste:Laboratory waste: Animal carcassesAnimal carcasses Hazardous chemicalsHazardous chemicals Medicinal plantsMedicinal plants Radioactive material with biological Radioactive material with biological

componentscomponents SupernatantsSupernatants Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug Cadavers,urine,feces and cytotoxic drug

are not considered biomedical wasteare not considered biomedical waste

classificationclassification

ClassificationClassification

Non hazardous:Non hazardous:

approximately 75-90% of the approximately 75-90% of the

biomedical waste is non-biomedical waste is non-hazardous hazardous

and as harmless as any other and as harmless as any other

municipal waste.municipal waste.

(E.G, (E.G, Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc)Plastic,Glass,Cardboared,etc)

ClassificationClassificationHazardous waste:

10-25% is hazardous and can be injurious to humans or animals and deleterious to environment.

It is important to realise that if both these types are mixed together then the whole waste becomes harmful.

Classification and Classification and managementmanagement

Category Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method

Category 1 Human Wastes (Tissues, organs, body parts

Incineration / deep burial

Category 2 Animal Waste Incineration / deep burial

Category 3 Microbiology and Biotechnology waste

Autoclave/microwave/incineration

Category 4 SharpsDisinfection (chemical treatment)+/autoclaving/microwaving and mutilation shredding

Category 5 Discarded Medicines and Cytotoxic Drugs

Incineration/ destruction and drugs disposal in secured landfills

Contd…Contd…Category Waste Type Treatment and Disposal Method

Category 6 Contaminated solid waste

Incineration/autoclaving / microwaving

Category 7 Solid waste (disposable items other than sharps)

Disinfection by chemical treatment+ microwaving/autoclaving & mutilation shredding

Category 8

Liquid waste (generated from laboratory washing, cleaning, housekeeping and disinfecting activity)

Disinfection by chemical treatment+ and discharge into the drains

Category 9 Incineration ash Disposal in municipal landfill

Category10 Chemical Wastes Chemical Treatment + and discharge in to drain for liquids and secured landfill for solids

ManagementManagementColor coding

Type of containerWaste category treatment

option

YELLOW PLASTIC BAG

Cat 1,2,3,6 Incineration / deep burial

RED Disinfected container / plastic bag

Cat 3,6,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment

Blue/white translucent

Plastic bag/ Puncture proof

Cat 4,7 Autoclave/microwave /chemical treatment / destruction shredding

BLACK Plastic bagCat 5,9,10 Disposal in secure landfill

Disposal Disposal OfOf WastesWastes

Containers Type Container typeContainer type

Must be appropriate to contents & regulationsMust be appropriate to contents & regulations

BagsBags – NO sharps, medicines or liquids – NO sharps, medicines or liquids Sharps binsSharps bins – sharps ONLY – sharps ONLY Other Rigid BinsOther Rigid Bins – various e.g. – various e.g.

High liquid-content Clinical High liquid-content Clinical Combustible RadioactiveCombustible Radioactive Special Special && Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic) Clinical (e.g. Cytotoxic) Waste medicinesWaste medicines

Containers – Colour Containers – Colour Container colourContainer colour

Tells other staff what is in the Tells other staff what is in the containercontainer

Tells the contractor what to do Tells the contractor what to do with the wastewith the waste

Can apply to both sacks and rigid Can apply to both sacks and rigid containerscontainers

Safe for Disposal to General Waste

Lab plastics

Carcass, anatomical

Sharps

Cytotoxic

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – Carcass Carcass

Carcass or anatomical materialCarcass or anatomical material Small / medium carcasses or obvious Small / medium carcasses or obvious

body partsbody parts Render safe firstRender safe first Yellow bags or containersYellow bags or containers Freeze prior to collection or keep Freeze prior to collection or keep

refrigeratedrefrigerated

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – BloodBlood

Blood or body fluidsBlood or body fluids Render safe firstRender safe first Including heavily soaked materials (e.g. Including heavily soaked materials (e.g.

swabs, dressings) swabs, dressings) Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow Yellow containers or heavy gauge yellow

bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking)bags (only if doubled and NOT leaking) Freeze prior to collectionFreeze prior to collection

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – SharpsSharps

SharpsSharps Including needles, scalpel blades and Including needles, scalpel blades and

small pieces of glasssmall pieces of glass ALWAYS USE a Sharps binALWAYS USE a Sharps bin Do NOT overfill or shakeDo NOT overfill or shake Follow H&S guidance and take careFollow H&S guidance and take care (If contaminated) autoclave when bin is (If contaminated) autoclave when bin is

fullfull

Oct/Nov2006 Introduction to Biological Waste Training Session Slide #26

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – PlasticsPlastics

Laboratory plasticsLaboratory plastics Render safe firstRender safe first If non-identifiable following autoclave If non-identifiable following autoclave

then non-clinical disposal [Black Bag then non-clinical disposal [Black Bag and label “Safe for Disposal”]and label “Safe for Disposal”]

If identifiable still then possibly If identifiable still then possibly “offensive” - Orange Bag and label as “offensive” - Orange Bag and label as for Clinical Wastefor Clinical Waste

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – GlassGlass

GlasswareGlassware Render safe firstRender safe first Designated boxes – clearly labelled Designated boxes – clearly labelled

“Broken Glassware – Safe for Disposal”“Broken Glassware – Safe for Disposal”

Except if contains hazardous chemicals Except if contains hazardous chemicals – special disposal route via Chemistry– special disposal route via Chemistry

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – Medicines Medicines

MedicinesMedicines Designated medicine bins only (usually Designated medicine bins only (usually

Blue Rigid container)Blue Rigid container) Do not use containers intended for Do not use containers intended for

other uses (e.g. sharps bins)other uses (e.g. sharps bins) Do not pour down the drainDo not pour down the drain Some medicines are considered to be Some medicines are considered to be

Special WasteSpecial Waste

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – Special ISpecial I

Cytotoxic WasteCytotoxic Waste Special Waste, thereforeSpecial Waste, therefore

Packaging and labelling requirementsPackaging and labelling requirements Holding locations – separate containmentHolding locations – separate containment ““Pre-notification” of SEPA by contractor & Pre-notification” of SEPA by contractor &

Special Waste Consignment NoteSpecial Waste Consignment Note Extra chargesExtra charges

Notify Waste ManagerNotify Waste Manager

Disposal Procedure – Disposal Procedure – Special IISpecial II

Infectious WasteInfectious Waste Wherever possible, should be rendered safe / Wherever possible, should be rendered safe /

inactivated BEFORE leaving the labinactivated BEFORE leaving the lab If If notnot possible then special conditions apply: possible then special conditions apply:

Packaging and labellingPackaging and labelling Holding locations – separate containmentHolding locations – separate containment ““Pre-notification” of SEPAPre-notification” of SEPA Extra paperworkExtra paperwork Extra chargesExtra charges

Notify Waste Manager immediatelyNotify Waste Manager immediately

Disposal Procedure - Disposal Procedure - ReminderReminder Key points to remember:Key points to remember:

Never fill sacks more than ¾ full Never fill sacks more than ¾ full Never overfill sharps binsNever overfill sharps bins Do NOT use anything that leaksDo NOT use anything that leaks Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins Secure sacks with a plastic tie/seal bins

before removing from labbefore removing from lab Always use a Barcode Label and complete Always use a Barcode Label and complete

your Label Record Sheetyour Label Record Sheet Know if it is “Special Waste” & act Know if it is “Special Waste” & act

accordinglyaccordingly Place in approved Holding Location Place in approved Holding Location

(freezer)(freezer)

Resources

www.Wikipedia.org www.WHO.org www.google.com