BIO MEDICAL WASTE

MANAGEMENT

PRESENTED BY:

Deepika Tiwari-15

Ishani Bhattacharya-20

Neha Gupta-31

Pritee Agarwal-42

Shashank Pandey-54

LET THE WASTE OF THE “SICK” NOT CONTAMINATE THE

LIVES OF “THE HEALTHY”

3

BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

4

Definition :

Acc to bio medical waste rules ,1998 of India“ bio-medical waste”

means any waste which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment

or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities

pertaining there to or in the production or testing of bio medicals.

Any unwanted residual material which cannot be discharged directly,

or after suitable treatment can be discharged in the atmosphere or to a

receiving water source, or used for landfill is waste. (Wilson, 1981)

SOURCES OF HEALTH CARE WASTE

Government/private hospitals

Nursing homes

Physician/dentist office or clinic

Dispensaries

Primary health care centers

Medical research and training centers

animal./slaughter houses

labs/research organizations

Vaccinating centers

Bio tech institutions/production units

5

DEFINITION

Hospital waste: refers to all waste, biological or non biological, that

is discarded and is not intended for further use .

Medical waste: refers to materials generated as a result of patient

diagnoses, treatment, immunization of human beings or animals .

6

DEFINITION

Infectious waste: are the portion of medical waste that couldtransmit an ‘infectious disease’.

Pathological waste : waste removed during surgery/ autopsyor other medical procedures including human tissues, organs,body parts, body fluids and specimens along their containers.

8

MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM

GLOBALLY- Developed countries generate 1 to 5 kg/bed/day

Developing countries: meager data, but figures are lower. 1-2kg/pt./day

WHO Report: 85% non hazardous waste

: 10% infective waste

: 5% non-infectious but hazardous. (Chemical, pharmaceutical and radioactive)

INDIA:-No national level study

- local or regional level study shows hospitals generate roughly 1-2 kg/bed/day

9

CLASSIFICATION AND CATEGORIZATION OF BIOMEDICAL

WASTES (MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FOREST)

The Ministry of Environment and Forest has drafted certain rules

in exercise of powers conferred by sections 6,8 and 25 of the

environment (protection) act, 1986

The Gazette of India extraordinary , part II –section 3- subsection (ii)

On 20th July 1998

10

11

WASTE

CATEGORYTYPE OF WASTE

TREATMENT AND

DISPOSAL OPTION

Category No. 1Human Anatomical Waste (Human

tissues, organs, body parts)

Incineration@ / deep

burial*

Category No. 2

Animal Waste

(Animal tissues, organs, body parts,

carcasses, bleeding parts, fluid, blood and

experimental animals used in research,

waste generated by veterinary hospitals

and colleges, discharge from hospitals,

animal houses)

Incineration@ / deep

burial*

Category No. 3

Microbiology & Biotechnology Waste

(Wastes from laboratory cultures, stocks

or specimen of live micro organisms or

attenuated vaccines, human and animal

cell cultures used in research and

infectious agents from research and

industrial laboratories, wastes from

production of biologicals, toxins and

devices used for transfer of cultures)

Local autoclaving/

microwaving /

incineration@

CATEGORIES OF BIOMEDICAL WASTE SCHEDULE – I

12

Category No. 4

Waste Sharps (Needles, syringes,

scalpels, blades, glass, etc. that may

cause puncture and cuts. This includes

both used and unused sharps)

Disinfecting (chemical

treatment@@ /

autoclaving / microwaving

and mutilation / shredding

Category No. 5

Discarded Medicine and Cytotoxic drugs

(Wastes comprising of outdated,

contaminated and discarded medicines)

Incineration@ / destruction

and drugs disposal in

secured landfills

Category No. 6

Soiled Waste (Items contaminated with

body fluids including cotton, dressings,

soiled plaster casts, lines, bedding and

other materials contaminated with blood.)

Incineration@ /

autoclaving / microwaving

Category No. 7

Solid Waste (Waste generated from

disposable items other than the waste

sharps such as tubing, catheters,

intravenous sets, etc.)

Disinfecting by chemical

treatment@@ /

autoclaving / microwaving

and mutilation / shredding

13

Category No. 8

Liquid Waste (Waste generated from

the laboratory and washing, cleaning,

house keeping and disinfecting

activities)

Disinfecting by chemical

treatment@@ and

discharge into drains

Category No. 9Incineration Ash (Ash from incineration

of any biomedical waste)

Disposal in municipal

landfill

Category No.10

Chemical Waste (Chemicals used in

production of biologicals, chemicals

used in disinfecting, as insecticides,

etc.)

Chemical treatment @@

and discharge into drains

for liquids and secured

landfill for solids.

PROBLEMS RELATED TO BIO MEDICAL WASTE IN INDIA

CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTH CARE WASTE

INFECTIOUS WASTE

Lab cultures

Waste from isolation wards

Tissues(swabs)

Materials/equipments of infected patients

PATHOLOGICAL WASTE

• Excreta

• Human tissues/fluids

• Body parts

• Blood or body fluids

SHARP WASTE

Needles

Infusion Sets

Scalpels

Knives Blades

Broken Glass

PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE

• Expired Pharmaceuticals

• Contaminated Pharmaceuticals

• Banned Pharmaceuticals

GENOTOXIC WASTE

Waste Containing Cytotoxic Drugs(often Used In Cancer Theraphy)

Genotoxic Chemicals

CHEMICAL WASTE

Lab reagents

Film developer

Expired disinfectants

Expired solvents

WASTE WITH HIGH CONTENT OF HEAVY

METALS

Waste with high content of heavy metals

Batteries

Broken thermometers

Blood pressure guages etc

PRESSURIZED CONTAINERS

Gas cylinders

Gas catridges

Aerosol cans

RADIOACTIVE WASTE

Radiotherapy/lab research liquids

Contaminated glass wares, packages, absorbent papers

HOSPITAL WASTE DISPOSAL

21

Hospital waste management

is a part of hospital hygiene

and maintenance activities. In

fact only 15% of hospital

waste i.e. "Biomedical waste"

is hazardous, not the

complete.

But when hazardous waste is

not segregated at the source

of generation and mixed with

nonhazardous waste, then

100% waste becomes

hazardous

Treatment and Disposal Methods of

Hospital Waste

22

THANK YOU