“Bio-Medical Waste Management”presented to

Govt. College of EngineeringAurangabad

Environment Sciencein the subject

byMr. Pushpraj Suresh Patil

S.E. Civil Departmentunder guidance of

Mr. Prakash B. Wankhade

CONTENTSSr.No. Particulars1 Introduction2 Methodology3 Discussion4 Result5 Conclusion6 References

INTRODUCTION Bio-medical waste means, “Any solid and liquid waste including its container and any intermediate product, which is generated during the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals.Bio-Medical waste consists of:

(1) Human anatomical wastes(2) Animal wastes during research(3) Microbiology & biotechnology wastes(4) Waste sharps(5) Solid waste(6) Liquid waste(7) Incineration ash

International symbol for biological hazardLabel shall be non washable & prominently visible

LEGAL ASPECTProvisions in BMW (management & Handling) Rules ,1998 under GOI

(1)Section 3 - Authority of govt. to undertake various steps for protection & improvement of environment(2) Section 5 – For issuance of directions in writing(3) Section 6 – Empowers govt. to make rules(4) Section 8 – Permits education of individuals dealing with hazardous wastes(5) Section 10- Bestows authority to enter the premises & inspect(6) Section 17 – Punishments in case of violations by govt. departments

BMW divided into different categories as follows

Also, different BMW has different color codingfor containers

METHODOLOGYMethods applied for doing these project are as follows:

(1)Various research analysis(2) References from case studies(3) References from books(4) Site visit at GHATI Hospital at Aurangabad(5) Visit at Govt. Forensic College, Aurangabad

Site visit at GHATI Hospital I visited the GHATI Hospital to see how exactly the BMW management carried out. Followinginformation is collected during these site visit.

All the BMW created in this hospitalare separated in various plastic bags. 3 workers in of this hospital are carrying all these works.

Then that bags are divided in two parts:From which, one part is taken to Naregaon & dumpedwith other municipal wastes by municipality.

And the another part, is taken to Chitegaon for disposal through incineration by private company.It contains hazardous parts which are necessary todispose it through incineration. Sharps and syringes also separated from total BMW because municipal authority doesnot accept the BMW it they are present in waste. But, the information about the waste from mortuary i.e. the body parts are not revealed by them because of some security reasons.

The general garbage from BMW at GHATIwhich is carried out by municipality

The special BMW at GHATI which is carried out by private company for incineration

DISCUSSIONWhy there is need of BMW management?

(1)Hospital waste management rules were not implemented correctly.(2) Lack of control over the Environmental protection(3) Wastes not segregated in many hospitals(4) Openly burnt in some hospitals(5) Medical waste segregation, recycling and reused by rag pickers(6) Poorly managed incinerators(7) No regulated disposal sites

Following are the processes by which the BMW is treated:

(1) Chemical Processes:In this, following disinfectants are used:(a)Sodium hypochlorite(b) Dissolved Chlorine Dioxide(c) Paracetic Acid(d) Hydrogen Peroxide(e) Dry Inorganic Chemical(f) Ozone, etc.

(2) Thermal Processes:This include treating BMW with heat. Depending on the temperature it is categorized in 2 parts :

(a)Low Heat System: Between (93 – 177 C) Autoclave & Microwave are instruments used for low heat system.

(b) High Heat System: Between (540-8300 C) Incinerator & Hydroclaving are high heat systems.

Autoclave machine at Govt. Forensic College Aurangabad

(3) Mechanical Processes:To change the physical form of the waste.2 types of mechanical processes are:

(a)Compaction: To reduce volume of waste(b) Shredding : To destroy plastic & paper waste to prevent their reuse.

(4) Irradiation Processes:In this, BMW is exposes to UV or ionizing radiationIn an enclosed chamber.

(5) Biological Processes:In this, BMW is treated with biological enzymes.It is claimed that biological reactions will also cause the destruction of all organic constituents.

RESULT(1)In India, there are a number of different disposal methods, yet most are harmful rather than helpful body fluid are present.(2) It is often found that BMW is put into the ocean, where it eventually washes up on shore or in landfills due to improper sorting.(3) It leads to many diseases in animals as well as humans. e.g. Animals such as cows in Puducherry consu- ming infected waste & eventually these infections transported to humans through eating of meat.

(4) It was found that, in India 26% of doctors and 43% of paramedical staff are unaware of the risks related to biomedical waste.

(5) Though the act of 1998 enacted, yet a large no. of health care facilities were found to be sorting waste incorrectly.

CONCLUSION(1)We need innovative & radical measures to clean up BMW because of distressing picture of lack of concern on it.

(2) The challenge before us, therefore, is to scientifically manage growing quantities of biomedical wastes that go beyond past practices.

(3) If we want to protect our environment & health of community we must sensitize ourselves to this imp. issue.

(4) The status of poor waste management currently in the city possess a huge risk towards health of general people, patients and professionals , directly or indirectly through environmental degradation.

(5) A policy needs to be formulated based on ‘reduce, recover, reuse and dispose’.

(6) The study concludes that healthcare waste manage- ment should go beyond data compilation, enforce- ment of regulations and acquisition of better equipment.

REFERENCES(1)“Bio-Medical Waste”, Toxics Link-

Factsheet- 2004 P.N. 21,22,24(2) Journal of hospital infection- P.N. 30,514-

520(3) Journal of Indian Association for

Environmental Management- P.N. 172-174(4) Global journal of Health Science Vol.1- P.N. 85-88(5) Bio-medical Wastes (Management &

Handling) Rules, 1998 notification

Thank you…..