Self-efficacy & Reinforcement theory

~ ISHIT BHATT M83 F.Y.-II

Difference betweenEfficacy and Efficiency

• Efficacy is whether it works or not, whether it has that capacity?

While

• Efficiency is not whether it works, but how well it works, how quickly, how many people have to be involved, etc.

Self-efficacy/social cognitive/social learning:

• Ones believes that he/she is capable of performing certain task in certain manner to achieve certain goal.

- Self-efficacy -

- Confidence -

- Ability to succeed -

How managers helps their employees to achieve high level of self-efficacy?

Goal-setting theory

+

Self-efficacy theory

Joint effects of goals and self efficacy on performance

Individual has confidencethat given level of performance will be attained (Self-efficacy)

Managers setsDifficult, specific

Goal for the job or task

Individual sets higher personal(self-set)

goal for their performance

Individual has higher level of job or task

performance

4 ways to self-efficacy:

- Albert Baundra

1. Enactive mastery2. Vicarious modeling3. Verbal persuasion4. Arousal

1. Enactive mastery:• Most important source for increasing self-

efficacy.

• It means gaining relevant experience with the task or job.

• If you have been able to do the job in past, then you’re more confident to do it in future.

2. Vicarious modeling:• Become more confident by seeing someone

else doing the task or job.

• E.g.: Lose weight, Watching Wang Hao playing table tennis.

3. Verbal persuasion • Becoming more confident because someone

boost you that you are the best and you can do it.

• E.g.: Motivational speakers

4. Arousal• It leads to an energized state, which drives a

person to complete a task.

• The person gets “psyched up” and performs better.

• But when arousal is not relevant, then it hurts performance.

• E.g.: Editing manuscript

Reinforcement Theory:

• What controls behavior(in most simple words).

• It is the process of shaping behaviour by controlling the consequences of the behaviour.

• It says that behavior is function of its consequences.

contd…

Reinforcement Theory:Contd…•It is counterpoint of goal-setting theory.

•Self-efficacy was cognitive approach while it is behavioristic approach, arguing that reinforcement conditions behavior.

•Ignores inner state and concentrate on what happens to a person when he/she takes some action.

•Outer environment influences behaviour.

Combination of:

Rewards and/or

punishments Used to:

Reinforce desired behaviour Or

extinguish unwanted behaviour.