MotivationMotivationDriving force

behind all actions and behaviors

Variables◦Self Efficacy◦Need for

Achievement◦Teacher

Expectations◦Reinforcement◦Ability◦Environment

◦Goals◦Interest /

curiosity◦Imitation◦Anxiety◦Reinforcement◦Enthusiasm

Various Views of Learning & Various Views of Learning & MotivationMotivation

Behavioral

Cognitive

Constructivist

Social Cognitive

Humanistic

Sociocultural

TheoriesTheoriesAbraham Maslow

Hierarchy of needs

Behavior is controlled by both internal and external factors

We make choices and exercise free-will

B.F. SkinnerBehavioristBehavior is

determined by the reinforcer or reward

Behavior is learned

Theories Cont.Theories Cont.Albert Bandura

Social CognitiveKnowledge

based on social and environmental interactions

Jean Piaget & Lev Vygotsky

ConstructivistKnowledge

constructed on personal or social experiences

Extrinsic and Intrinsic Extrinsic and Intrinsic MotivationMotivation

What is your student’s motivation?

Extrinsic MotivationExtrinsic MotivationExternally-Based

◦Rewards◦Fear

Just-For-Now Results◦Students complete the assignment

just for the reward at the end or the fear that is instilled in them, NOT for themselves and NOT for educational benefit.

Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation (contd.)(contd.)Extrinsically motivated students

reach for assignments with a lower level of difficulty so the assignment is quicker to complete.

Extrinsic motivation lasts with a student only until the next reward is offered or until the fear is settled.

Extrinsic motivation is a “quick fix” that is actually a negative approach to teaching.

Intrinsic MotivationIntrinsic MotivationStudent-Based

◦The reward of enjoying an assignment◦The results are self-determined

Self-Efficacy◦Students want to

do the assignments well for themselves

◦Students complete the assignment for themselves, NOT just for a grade.

Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation (contd.)(contd.)Intrinsically motivated students reach for assignments with a higher level of difficulty.

Intrinsic motivation lasts with a student much longer than extrinsic motivation.

Intrinsic motivation is harder to find within a student.

How Would How Would You Motivate You Motivate Your Student? Your Student?

Motivating StudentsMotivating StudentsMotivation depends on the extent

in which teachers are able to meet the students’ needs.

◦Control◦Competent◦Connected

How To Help Students Feel In How To Help Students Feel In Control!Control!

Input in their learning goals and activities

Assist in writing classroom rules and procedures

Decide to work in groups or individuals

Cooperative learning- let them select learning partners

How to Help Students Feel How to Help Students Feel Competent!Competent!

Make assignments challenging

Lessons interesting & relevant

Ask questions they can answer

Know their background to help motivate

How to Help Students Feel How to Help Students Feel Connected!Connected!

Climate or culture of trust, respect, & caring

Feel competent as a whole group

Family or Community feeling

Motivational Tips Motivational Tips

Make sure your room is safe and accommodates the student’s needs. (Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs)

Organization (Classrooms and Lessons)

Set goals and give regular feedbackCollaborative LearningProvide Reinforcement and

Encouragement

Harry Wong’s Motivational Harry Wong’s Motivational TipsTipsUtilize Humor in the ClassroomRespect the StudentBe inviting

What Motivates You as a student?

Hindrances to MotivationHindrances to Motivation

The student’s needs are not being met.

The teacher has a negative attitude towards the students or their work.

The student experiences negative peer- interactions.

The student has low self-esteem.The classroom is unorganized. The assignments are unclear.

Overcoming Hindrances Overcoming Hindrances Make sure the student’s needs are

met. Create a positive classroom environment.

Approach challenges with a positive attitude.

Encourage group collaboration. Create an organized classroom.Design Lessons that are organized and

comprehensive.

Motivating the Motivating the UnmotivatedUnmotivatedWhat would you say if I told you there is a lot teachers can do about it?

Eight Simple Steps for Eight Simple Steps for Motivating StudentsMotivating StudentsGive them something real- local

events or news, technology, student culture, interests or relationships

http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/default.cfmSupply choices- creates autonomy

and gives students a voiceChallenge students- assess each

individuals level of learning, and create a challenge that is just above their current ability

Eight Simple Steps for Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students, Motivating Students, continuedcontinuedPresent role models- guest speakers,

peers, or other students give relevance to school subjects

Peer models- learning from a peer who succeeds with a task…This includes: gender and/or ethnic groups, social circles, age, interests, or levels of achievement

Help struggling students strategize- give specific strategies that teach students how to learn

Eight Simple Steps for Eight Simple Steps for Motivating Students, Motivating Students, continuedcontinuedDevelop a sense of belonging-

the teacher creates this by being warm and open, encouraging of student participation, friendly, helpful, organized and prepared for teaching, and is enthusiastic

Use a supportive teaching style- the teacher listens, encourages, responds to student questions, and empathizes with students