science project.docx

8/10/2019 SCIENCE PROJECT.docx

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Direccion Regional del Norte

School circuit 01

School

Saint Vincent School

Project: How to prevent Aedes Aegypti bites?

Category: Social

Student: Joscelyn Carrillo lvarez

Tutor: Laura Piedra C.

-2013-


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HOW TO PREVENT AEDES AEGYTI BITES?


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ABSTRACT

DENGUE

It is an infectious, contagious, transmitted by the mosquito Aedes

aegypti . Infection causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes evolves

into a potentially deadly, called severe dengue or dengue

hemorrhagic fever.

There are four dengue viruses similar to one another but not equal :

Dengue -1

Dengue -2

Dengue -3

Dengue -4

Any of these 4 varieties can produce disease, the most common is

the classical dengue type 1, and is less frequent in DHF. It is

characterized by a sudden onset, fever for three to five days, severe

headache, muscle and joint pain, urticarial rash with fever return,

there is a lack of appetite in sick, causing changes in the digestive

and weakening of the body.

TRANSMISSION FORM

Dengue disease is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti :

The virus is transmitted to humans through the saliva of a

mosquito.


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The virus replicates in target organs.

Virus infected leukocytes and lymphoid tissues.

The virus is released into the organs.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

It must find ways to control the disease:

1. Educating people about personal measures , such as the

destruction or elimination of larval habitats and protection against

mosquito bites daytime activity , including the use of mosquito nets,

protective clothing and repellents.

2. Eliminate breeding sites for this should be a quick and early

detection of an outbreak of dengue.

3. Isolation of affected patients.

Other preventive measures include:

Avoid keeping water containers.

Renew vases and drinking water.

Keep containers upside downwhen not in use.

Clean canals and drains.

Keep indoor or leaky tire.


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JUSTIFICATION

According to the Pan American Health Organization, the weather

conditions, unplanned urbanization, the water supply difficulties,

impaired control programs Aedes aegypti mosquito, the lack of

insecticides with a good cost-effectiveness and lack of health

education are important factors related to the spread of Aedes

aegypti.

Another important factor in the geographical expansion of mosquito

has been international trade in used tires, to collect rainwater, is an

ideal habitat for the mosquito. This has caused today Dengue

outbreaks in different parts of the country.


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PROBLEM

The research topic arises the following question : How to preventAedes aegypti mosquito bites transmitting Dengue virus ?

OBJECTIVES

General Purpose

Develop a project to inform people about preventing mosquito bites

from the Aedes aegypti mosquito who transmit dengue virus.

Specific Objectives

1. Define who is the Dengue virus and its characteristics.

2. Explain the Dengue virus transmission.

3. Provide information about preventing Aedes aegypti mosquito

bites and how to prevent dengue virus transmission .


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THEORETICAL CONTENT

Aedes aegypti mosquito:

The Aedes aegypti (scientific name), or better known to us as

dengue , is a small insect, which originated in Africa , Ethiopia in the

region where the largest number of species of the subgenus . In this

there are three main varieties: variant Aedes aegypti aegypti, Aedes

aegypti var. Formous and Aedes aegypti var. Queenslandensis.

Aegypti variant is the most widely distributed in the world. Aedes

Aegypti measures approximately 5 mm long. It is black and has long

legs with white rings, which can only be observed in detail by an

optical microscope. These white patches are characteristic of the

mosquito species belongs. The Aedes Aegypi has a hallmark, a lyreon the back of the chest scales formed clear ( white ), females and

males have similar designs, males are less robust .

This insect is one of the main transmitters of the disease dengue

and yellow fever , and one of the 56 species found in Latin America .

This insect looks harmless and often overlooked, because the

females have reduced causing the buzzing fly.

DENGUE

It is an infectious, contagious , transmitted by the mosquito Aedes

aegypti . Infection causes flu-like symptoms and sometimes evolves

into a potentially deadly, called severe dengue or dengue

hemorrhagic fever.


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There are four dengue viruses similar to one another but not equal :

Dengue -1

Dengue -2

Dengue -3

Dengue -4

Any of these 4 varieties can produce disease, the most common is

the classical dengue type 1, and is less frequent in DHF. It is

characterized by a sudden onset, fever for three to five days, severe

headache, muscle and joint pain, urticarial rash with fever return,

there is a lack of appetite in sick, causing changes in the digestive

and weakening of the body.

DENGUE TYPES

Classic Dengue: The most common , in most cases, is characterized

by a sudden onset of fever which is more than 38 C , for a limited

period ( of 2-7 days). Some of its symptoms are :

Headache

Pain behind the eye orbits, to move

Muscle pain

Joint pain

Nausea, vomiting

Rash

Discomfort in light


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Conjunctivitis

Mild abdominal pain

Diarrhea

Taste changes

High fever

Loss of appetite

Cold

Chills

Agitation

Among other

In this type of dengue mortality is zero, convalescence is often

prolonged, lasting several weeks. In children under five years , isoften only a fever. The fever lasts about 5 days. Dengue

hemorrhagic fever. It's another way that you can present the

dengue virus, although it is rare. It is the most serious form of

dengue, so both can lead to death of the patient, which mainly

affects children aged patients. Dengue hemorrhagic fever includes

classic dengue symptoms, which are added bleeding andabnormalities in the clotting mechanism, which can often

compromise vital organs.

General symptoms:

High temperature 2 to 7 days

Bleeding in different parts of the body


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Shortness of breath

Swelling in the face

Vomiting or diarrhea

Lack of appetite

Pallor

Sweating

Sleepiness

TRANSMISSION FORM

Dengue disease is transmitted by the bite of the Aedes aegypti :

The virus is transmitted to humans through the saliva of a

mosquito.

The virus replicates in target organs.

Virus infected leukocytes and lymphoid tissues.

The virus is released into the organs.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES

It must find ways to control the disease:

1. Educating people about personal measures , such as the

destruction or elimination of larval habitats and protection against

mosquito bites daytime activity , including the use of mosquito nets,

protective clothing and repellents.


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2. Eliminate breeding sites for this should be a quick and early

detection of an outbreak of dengue.

3. Isolation of affected patients.

Other preventive measures include:

Avoid keeping water containers.

Renew vases and drinking water.

Keep containers upside down when not in use.

Clean canals and drains.

Keep indoor or leaky tire.

HOW TO PREVENT MOSQUITO BITES

Aedes aegypti addition to the measures outlined above, there areother personal measures: Using repellents on children: The

American Academy of Pediatrics suggests using repellents with

DEET concentrations in infants under two months of age. Use of

other compounds: citronella oil is an extract from terpene derivatives

present in different plant species . In its action seems to produce an

unpleasant effect on sensory endings and produces a chemicalblocking the perception of insects.


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NATURAL REPELLENT AGAINST MOSQUITO

Clove : Mix 1 liter of alcohol in 100 cm3 of oil or any baby Johnson ,(to avoid drying out the skin), and about 30 cloves infusion. Leave

for several hours and then apply on the body.

Eucalyptus : Boil some eucalyptus leaves are strained and the liquid

obtained is poured into small containers and then place them in all

rooms and on the shelves of the cupboards.

Lavender: Lavender oil mix with some oil or body lotion and apply on

the body.

Basil: We place several fresh plants in the windows of the house or

vaporize in a burner two or three drops of their essence.

Almond oil : Mix 100 ml . Sweet almond oil and add 20 drops of basil

oil and other geranium 20 . It is suitable for children and babies.


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METHODOLOGY

Basic, applied and documentary.


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PRESENTATION AND DATA ANALYSIS

Experts emphasized that the only way to defeat this disease is

continuing the fight to eliminate breeding sites and prevent bites.

This will only be achieved by following the recommendations

mentioned in our theoretical content.

Also due to the high cost of repellents would be important to educate

the public on the use and preparation of homemade repellents and

mosquito traps at household level.

Despite publicity campaigns regarding the elimination of breeding,

according to a report in The Nation: " So far this year , 5,219 people

were required to be admitted to hospitals in the Social Security Fund

because of dengue. According to data from epidemiologicalsurveillance area to the 40th week of the year, the total admissions,

115 people had severe dengue. Patients who require hospitalization

for this disease are hospitalized an average of three days, while

those with severe dengue remain about four days. CCSS keeps

dengue units in different centers Moseor Sanabria Hospital, La

Anexin, Liberia , Gupiles and San Vicente de Paul. According to

epidemiologists Kivers William and Catherine Ramirez, patients who

are admitted are those with platelet counts below 100,000,

hemodynamic instability, evidence of spontaneous bleeding,

presence of dengue in infants and pregnant people and by their

remoteness patients cannot attend to a medical facility quickly. "For

this reason our project is oriented to the disclosure of information,


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prevention and elimination of mosquito that transmits the dengue

virus.

The use of mosquito traps in specific locations of households is

effective because it manages to catch mosquitoes that could cause

Dengue virus .

The use of repellents on the skin, managed efficiently avoid

mosquito bites.

Eliminating breeding mosquitoes a decrease dengue mosquito by

eliminating reproduction.

Aedes aegypti addition to the measures outlined above, there are

other personal measures: Using repellents on children: The

American Academy of Pediatrics suggests using repellents with

DEET concentrations in infants under two months of age. Use of

other compounds: citronella oil is an extract from terpene derivatives

present in different plant species . In its action seems to produce an

unpleasant effect on sensory endings and produces a chemical

blocking the perception of insects.


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CONCLUSION

Dengue is a disease that has been very difficult to control for theMinistry of Health due to the low education of people throughout the

country and due to adaptation and resistance of the mosquito.

For this reason, it is important not to diminish the awareness

campaign people about this disease that can cause death.

We need to increase prevention measures using homemade traps

and homemade repellents due to its low cost and easy access to the

ingredients they contain can be use by anyone.

This will stop removing breeding sites of Aedes aegypti .This work

allowed us to improve our knowledge of the disease and increase

our level of responsibility for prevention.


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RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Continue with education and prevention campaigns in the media

such as television and radio.

2. Keep better control of people who are affected by the dengue

virus.

3. Provide quick health care to patients affected by the disease.

4. Create mosquito traps and place them in parks and other public

places.


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BIBLIOGRAFY

es.wikipedia.org/wiki/dengue

www.ministeriodesalud.go.cr/.../516/saluddengue.ccss.sa.cr/enlaces

_cr/enlacescr03.html

Ministerio de Salud. Informe Semana Epidiemiolgica 2010.


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ANNEXES


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PREVENTION CAMPAINS


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SINTOMS AND CICLE OF TRANSMISION


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