Science and Technology IMid-Year Exam 2012

Creature Feature Review

LIVING ORGANISMS

Something is considered living only if it has ALL of these characteristics:

Made of cellsReproduces

Grows and developsAdapts to its environmentResponds to stimuli (touch, sound, light, etc)Exchanges with its environment (substances go in and out)Needs and uses energy

TAXONOMY• Taxonomy is the science of classifying living

organisms.

• An organism’s scientific name is the genus and the species together.

• The name is written in Latin.

Canis lupus

CLASSIFICATIONLiving things are classified using these

categories:Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

POPULATION

A population is a group of

individuals living in the

same area.

That area could be as big

as the entire planet, or as

small as your backyard.

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HABITAT

An animal’s habitat is theplace where the animallives.

The habitat includes thecountry (or geographiclocation), the climate andthe type of shelter

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ECOLOGICAL NICHE

Where an animal lives, what it eats, and what

it does all day is called the animal’s ecological

niche.

All animals need some type of food in order to

survive.

ECOLOGICAL NICHEA predator is an animal who hunts and kills

other animals to eat them.

The word prey is given to the animal that is

being hunted.

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FOOD CHAINS• A food chain shows a flow of energy

from one living organism to another.

• A food web is a connection of food chains.

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• A producer makes its own food.

• A consumer needs to eat another living organism to get food.

• There are three types of consumers:Herbivores eat only plants

Carnivores eat only meat

Omnivores eat both plants and meat.

FOOD CHAINS

ADAPTATIONS

Physical Adaptation: Something about

the animal’s body that helps it to survive

in its habitat (teeth, fur colour, body

structure).

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ADAPTATIONS

Behavioural Adaptation: The way theanimal acts or the sounds that it makes thathelp it to survive in its habitat.

Each adaptation has a specific function.

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REPRODUCTION

• The way a species reproduces is a behavioural adaptation.

• Each species reproduces in a way that gives their offspring the biggest chance to survive.

• Reproduction is the most important thing for a species to do.

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION• Asexual reproduction is when an animal

makes a clone (exact copy) of itself.

• Only one living organism

is needed.

• Some animals are capable of asexual reproduction.

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ASEXUAL REPRODUCTIONTypes of asexual reproduction in the animal kingdom:

Binary Fission: the animal splits in two.Example: sea anemone

Fragmentation: the animal re-grows a lost body partExample: starfish

Budding: a new organism grows out of the original organism.

Example: hydra

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION• Requires both a male and female of the

same family.

• Most animals reproduce sexually.

• The female sex cell is called an egg.The male sex cell is called a sperm.

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SEXUAL REPRODUCTION• Requires both a male and female of the

same family.

• Most animals reproduce sexually.

• The female sex cell is called an egg.The male sex cell is called a sperm.

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FERTILIZATION• External fertilization: the male does not

deposit his semen directly into the female.Example: most aquatic animals (fish)

• Internal fertilization: the male deposits his semen directly into the female.

Example: most land animals (humans)

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FORMS OF BIRTHING• Viviparous: animals giving birth to live young.

Example: mammals, including humans

• Oviparous: animals who lay eggs.Example: birds (chickens, penguins, etc)

• Ovoviviparous: animals whose eggs hatch inside the mother, then they have a live birth.

Example: sharks, some snakes

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ANIMAL CELLS

CREATURE CREATION

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CREATURE CREATION

When we pulled up on the thread, the spool of thread turned which twisted up the elastics, creating potential energy.

When we released the thread, the elastics untwisted and the creature moved forward, creating kinetic energy.