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SCHOOL SECTION 59

English MT EDUCARE LTD.

SCHOOL SECTION60

SUMMARY

This lesson written by Freny Manecksha deals with the problems faced by thepeople in the rural areas. But, there are certain illiterates who have a sense ofconfidence and who carry out their respective businesses successfully. The womenspecially, in the rural areas are trying very hard through self-help groups and NGO’sto improve the quality of their lives. The villagers also collectively anticipatechallenges and work them out at a community level.

PRE-READING ACTIVITY

1. What are the major problems of people living in the rural areas?Ans. The major problems of the people are that they are illiterate and

narrow-minded. They do not think rationally or do not possess scientifictemper. There is lot of poverty, lack of infrastructure and the basic facilities.

2. Who helps these people to overcome the problems?Ans. NGOs and Self-help groups help these people.

3. Have you heard of NGOs ? What role do they play in helping people?Ans. Yes, NGOs like Vatsalya, Aasra, Cry, etc. help poor people in the cities and

villages to improve their conditions.

PASSAGE I (Lines 1 - 21)

Kantabai Wali .................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................... Organisation

heartily - loudly and enthusiasticallyexpounds - explainsventure - to take a riskcattle-rearing - raising cattledemonstrates - displaysmicro-financing - small loans provided to the poor by banks or

similar organizations to help run a business or buysomething

income-generating - creating incomevermiculture - artificial rearing of earthwormsagarbatti - incense stickssifts - examines thoroughlycompost - decayed organic material used as a fertilizerrecipient - receiverinitial - towards the start

GLOSSARY

EnglishMT EDUCARE LTD.

SCHOOL SECTION 61

[I] SIMPLE FACTUAL QUESTIONS (SFQ). (1 Mark)

1. What is Kantabai’s latest business venture?Ans. Kantabai’s latest business venture is cattle-rearing.

2. Which self-help group does Kantabai preside?Ans. Kantabai is the president of the Nalanda Bachatghar Gat, a self-help group.

3. What does Jayshree Kamble do?Ans. Jayshree Kamble makes compost using vermiculture.

[II] COMPLEX FACTUAL QUESTIONS (CFQ). (1 Mark)

*1. Which are the various income-generating activities?Ans. The various income-generating activities are-buffalo-rearing, goat-raising,

welding, vermiculture and candle and agarbatti making.*2. Why does Jayshree Kamble not want to sell the compost to a company?

What is her plan ?Ans. Jayshree Kamble wants to create her own brand name so she does not want to

sell the compost to any company because no one will relate her name with thecompost.

[III] EVALUATIVE/ INTERPRETATIVE QUESTIONS (EQ/IQ). (1 Mark)

1. Why does Kantabai Wali laugh?Ans. Inspite of being an illiterate, Kantabai Wali has undertaken a business venture

and also has knowledge of finance and marketing. Thus she laughs at the ironyof the situation.

2. What kind of women are Kantabai and Jayshree?Ans. Kantabai and Jayshree are self-dependent women who want to carve a niche

for themselves, inspite of living in the remote areas.

[IV] GRAMMAR. (2 Marks)

1. Kantabai laughs heartily. (Add a Question Tag)Ans. Kantabai laughs heartily, doesn’t she?

2. She cannot even sign her name. (Rewrite as an Affirmative sentence)Ans. She is unable to even sign her name.

3. She is an angutha chhap, who cannot sign her name.(Analyse the clauses and state the relation)

Ans. She is an angutha chhap - Main Clause.who cannot sign her name - Adjective Clause qualifying the noun ‘an anguthachhap’.

[V] VOCABULARY QUESTION (VQ). (2 Marks)

1. Write the words from the passage which mean :(a) explain (b) one who receives.

Ans. (a) expound (b) recipient.2. Write 2 compound words from the passage.

Ans. cattle-rearing, income-generating.


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3. Write the antonyms of : (a) profit (b) rural.Asn. (a) loss (b) urban.

[VI] PERSONAL RESPONSE QUESTION (PRQ). (2 Marks)

*1. Write down some qualities that are required for a small enterprise. Explainhow these qualities would help the enterprise to grow.

Ans. For a small enterprise one should have a sound knowledge of business, shouldbe ready to take risks, he should be hard-working, sincere and focused in hiswork. This will help the enterprise to grow to a great extent.

PASSAGE II (Lines 22 - 40)

Sankalp helped ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ for rural areas.”

translate - convertliaise - communicatecomplement - support, complete, to go hand in hand.fostering - promotingspur - encouragestatus quo - existing state of affairs


1. What were the women who formed self-help groups able to do with theirsavings?

Ans. The women who formed self-help groups were able to convert their savings intoa bank loan.

*2. What is the ‘Poorest Areas Civil Society Programme’?Ans. The ‘PACS’ is a non-government effort to empower millions in 108 of India’s

poorest districts spread over six states.3. What has Sankalp been working for in Marathwada?

Ans. Sankalp has been working for the rights of dalits, tribals, women and childrenin Marathwada.

4. What did the 74th Amendment bring about ?Ans. The 74 th Amendment brought about a reservation for women in the panchayats.


*1. In what ways, has Sankalp helped the women in the village ?Ans. Sankalp has helped the women in the village to liaise with the bank and has

also provided the necessary knowledge and linkages under the PACS (PoorestAreas Civil Society) Programme.

GLOSSARY


SCHOOL SECTION 63

2. What does Sankalp believe in promoting and why?Ans. Sankalp believes in promoting local leadership to spur socio-economic

development because NGOs cannot function forever.*3. What are the objectives of Sankalp Manav Sanstha’s leadership programme?

Ans. Sankalp’s leadership programme concentrates on self-awareness, developmentand helping women to identify village problems, frame issues. Apart from this italso aims to give them information and train them to access the variousgovernment schemes for rural areas.

[III] EVALUATIVE / INTERPRETATIVE QUESTIONS (EQ/IQ). (1 Mark)

*1. How has SHG benefited women?Ans. SHG has made the women of rural areas self-dependent, helped them identify

the village problems, developed leadership qualities and made them financiallyindependent.


1. Our organization has been working. (Identify the Tense)Ans. Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

2. Sankalp helped the women liaise with the bank. (Change the Voice)Ans. The women were helped to liaise with the bank by Sankalp.

3. We believe in fostering local leadership. (Make the noun form of the underlined word and rewrite the sentence)

Ans. Our belief is to foster local leadership.4. Our leadership programme has concentrated on self-awareness, development

and helping women to identify village problems. (Use not only…….but also)Ans. Our leadership programme has concentrated not only on self-awareness and

development but also on helping women to identify village problems.

[V] VOCABULARY QUESTIONS (VQ). (2 Marks)

1. Give examples of compound words.Ans. socio - economic, self - awareness, self - helf group, non - governmental.

2. Write the meanings of : (a) translate (b) complementAns. (a) convert (b) complete (support)

3. Write the verb form of : (a) knowledge (b) developmentAns. (a) know (b) develop

4. Write the adjective form of : (a) information (b) climateAns. (a) Informative (b) climatic

[VI] PERSONAL RESPONSE QUESTIONS (PRQ). (2 Marks)

*1. Who, do you think, is the text addressed to?Ans. The text is addressed to the city dwellers to help them understand how

important it is to support the villagers and make them self-dependent. It alsohighlights the leadership qualities of the women in the villages and how SHGsassist to improve their conditions in life.


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PASSAGE III (Lines 41 - 69)

Under this .......................................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ falls sometimes.”

atrocity - crueltyharassed - troubledsanctioned - approveddemonstrate - showsubsidy - grant paid by govt. to an enterprise that benefits

the public.procure - obtainanticipate - expectto set up - establishextensive - deepcrunch - crisis


*1. How had Kantabai demonstrated her courage?Ans. Kantabai demonstrated her courage by registering a case under the Atrocity

Act against a shopkeeper who had harassed her.2. How did the local police help Kantabai?

Ans. Kantabai’s complaint was taken seriously by the local authorities who providedher with the protection of a plainclothes policeman.

*3. Why did Bhagwat Kadam decide to buy a welding machine?Ans. Bhagwat Kadam decided to buy a welding machine because her husband knew

welding.4. Why did Jayshree decide on vermiculture?

Ans. Jayshree decided on vermiculture because she had extensive knowledge onthe subject.


1. How has the increased amount helped the women of the village?Ans. The increased income has given the women a new sense of confidence and

they have also learnt how to collectively anticipate challenges and work themout at a community level.

2. Why did the villagers take up different activities?Ans. They all realized that if they all bought cattle they would have grazing problems

as there was very little land in their village, so each one of them decided to take updifferent activities.

GLOSSARY


SCHOOL SECTION 65

[III] EVALUATIVE / INTERPRETATIVE QUESTIONS (EQ/IQ). (1 Mark)

*1. What is the purpose of this text?Ans. The purpose of this text is to help one understand that even villagers can be

independent by starting a small enterprise and they can be to empowered toimprove their conditions.


1. Her complaint was taken seriously by the local authorities. (Change the Voice)

Ans. The local authorities took her complaint seriously.2. Sankalp has helped a total of 22 SHGs.

(Rewrite in Present Perfect Continuous Tense)Ans. Sankalp has been helping a total of 22 SHGs.

3. Kamble decided on vermiculture because she has extensive knowledge onthe subject. (Analyse the clauses and state the relation)

Ans. Kamble decide on vermiculture - Main Clause.because she has extensive knowledge on the subject - Adverb Clause of Reasonmodifying the verb ‘decided’ in the Main Clause.

4. We can march ahead. (Pick out the Auxiliary and State its kind)Ans. can - ability.

[V] VOCABULARY QUESTION (VQ). (2 Marks)

1. Write the verb form of : (a) application (b) collectiveAns. (a) apply (b) collect

2. Noun form of : (a) provide (b) demonstrateAns. (a) provision (b) demonstration

3. Write a simile from the text.Ans. Like an army of ants.

4. Write from the passage : (i) a word that means ‘money given as part of the costof something’ and (ii) a phrase that means ‘under extremely poor conditions’.

Ans. (i) subsidy (ii) below the poverty line.

[VI] PERSONAL RESPONSE QUESTION (PRQ). (2 Marks)

*1. What do you think we can learn from this text?Ans. We can learn about the determination and strong will power of the women in

villages to become independent and to improve their living conditions with thehelp of the SHGs. The urban people can join hands together and also workfor the betterment of the underdeveloped villages.

2. What can we do to help the village women who are trying to seek selfemployment?

Ans. We can buy products made by them like the compost, handicraft items,etc. Wecan encourage everybody to buy products made by the villagers which will widentheir business prospects. We can create awareness about the SHGs and problemsof villages.


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TEXTUAL QUESTIONS

[I] VOCABULARY.

1. Replace the words underlined by choosing the appropriate words from thelist given below.

(i) She will not only make a profit but carve out her own brand name.Ans. establish her reputation for.

(ii) One of those who underwent the special training programme had demonstrated her courage.

Ans. showed(iii) We believe in fostering local leadership.

Ans. promoting(iv) Sankalp has helped a total of 22 SHGs in Aurangabad, Jalna and Parbhani

to procure loans.Ans. to obtain

(v) These women of Kundi village in Pathari taluka who formed a Self - HelpGroup two years ago, were able to translate their collective savings into abank loan.

Ans. to convert

2. Complete the following sentences by choosing the proper word from thebracket.

(i) The teacher’s (compliments/complements) encouraged Sanket to study hard.Ans. compliments

(ii) Sachin Tendulkar’s excellence in cricket has been a (president/precedent)to many aspirants in sports.

Ans. precedent(iii) Kishor is my best friend and (confident/confidant)

Ans. confidant

3. Choose the appropriate meaning of the Latin word from the alternativesgiven below each sentence :

(i) The government set up an ad hoc committee to look into the case.(a) warlike (b) finance(c) permanent (d) particular

(ii) The poem has 12 stanzas in toto.(a) in all (b) in disguise(c) as a rule (d) in form

(iii) His modus operandi is slow but efficient.(a) communication (b) argument(c) way of working (d) walking

(iv) Students welcomed viva voce.(a) open test (b) oral test(c) outdoor test (c) group test

(v) Trust is the sine qua non of a lasting friendship.(a) pre-requisite (b) outcome(c) aspect (d) benefit


SCHOOL SECTION 67

4. Find whether the underlined words have the same meaning as in the text.(i) People raised funds to help the flood affected farmers.

Ans. raised (No) - gathered(ii) American sanctions on our nuclear programme have cost our country a lot.

Ans. sanctions (No) - control (or restrictions)(iii) The agitators demonstrated in front of the Commissioner’s office.

Ans. demonstrated (No) - protested(iv) The disease can be corrected provided it is curable.

Ans. provided (No) - as far as.

[II] GRAMMAR.

1. Use Appropriate Tense.

(i) Sachin is a cricket player. He began playing cricket when he was 10 years old.Ans. Sachin has been playing cricket since he was 10 years old.

(ii) The scientists started working on the project 20 years ago. They are stillworking on it.

Ans. The scientists have been working on the project since the last 20 years.(iii) It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.

Ans. It has been raining since the last two hours.

2. Find from the text three more instances where the Passive Voice is used :Ans. (i) The women in the leadership training were taught how to apply for

bank loans.(ii) Only those women who do not raise uncomfortable questions and

maintain the status quo are being brought into the Panchayats.(iii) Her application for a loan was sanctioned after an initial seed capital

of Rs. 25000 was given.

[III] WRITING SKILLS.

1. Newspaper Report.SHGs LEND A HELPING HAND

The Self Help Group ( SHG ) formed by the Non-Governmental Organisationwas called for a training session at the SBI Bank of Latur on 15th March from 9 am. to 5 pm.

At the outset the organisers elaborated on the objectives of SHG training camp.The SHG members were imparted vocational training in the morning session. TheNGO team briefed about different schemes in the second session. The participantsalso stressed the need of periodical guidance camps. The NGO simplified the languageand the terms and tried to demonstrate as well, so that the villagers could practicallyimplement on their own. “Now we can say with confidence that we can be self-reliant”,reacted one of the participants.

The members were indebted to the organisers for making them independent.The leader of the NGO Sanjay Patkar commented “We will always be there for you butour aim is to make you completely self-dependent.”

The End

Q.I COMPLEX FACTUAL QUESTIONS (CFQ). (4)

1. The text focuses on empowerment of women in villages through small-scalebusiness venture. Make a list of such activities mentioned in the text. 1

2. In what ways, has Sankalp helped the women in the village ? 13. What are the objectives of Sankalp Manav Sanstha’s leadership

programme? 14. What does Sankalp believe in promoting and why ? 1

Q.II INTERPRETATIVE QUESTIONS (IQ). (6)

1. How have the women shown good sense in their choice of businesses ?1

2. Give an example of the role of a bank in helping Self-help Groups. 13. What is the role of NGO’s in Self-help groups in rural development and

self-employment ? 14. How has SHG benefited women ? 15. What is the purpose of this text ? 16. What kind of women are Kantabai and Jayshree ? 1

Q.III VOCABULARY QUESTIONS (VQ). (4)

1. Write from the passage : 1(i) a word that means ‘money given as part of the cost of something’ and(ii) a phrase that means ‘under extremely poor conditions.

2. Write 2 compound words from the passage. 13. Write the antonyms of : profit, rural. 14. Write the adjective form of : information, climate. 1

Q.IV PERSONAL RESPONSE QUESTIONS (PRQ). (4)

1. Write down some qualities that are required for a small enterprise. Explainhow these qualities would help the enterprise to grow. 2

2. The text is a newspaper write-up, what, do you think, is its purpose ? 23. Who, do you think, is the text addressed to ? 2

Best of Luck

UNIT 2.4 BUFFALO SOLDIER IN

THE HEART OF MAHARASHTRA

SSC

ENGLISH

Marks : 20

Duration : 1 hr.

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