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SCHOOL SECTION20

4Q.1. (A) Complete the following statements by choosing appropriate

alternatives from those given in the brackets :

*1. In 1615 A.D the British obtained permission to start a factory at .................(Sept. ’09) (Mumbai, Surat, Madras)

*2. The British obtained permission to start a factory at Surat, from emperor................. (Shahajahan, Jahangir, Akbar)

*3. Africa was called as ................. (March ’08)(The province of slaves, The dark continent, The backward territory)

*4. During the years 1740 A.D-1761 A.D the internal politics gave rise toconfrontation between the French and the British in ................. Province.

(Central, Carnatic, Bengal)*5 ................. was known as the hermit nation. (Sept. ’08)

(India, China, Japan) 6. Territorial expansion is called ................. (March ’09)

(Imperialism, Militarism, Capitalism) 7. After the battle of Plassey ................. grabbed from the Nawab of Bengal

a sum of Rs.23 lakhs as a reward for himself.(Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis, Lord Wellesly)

8. ................. of agriculture resulted in shortage of essential food grains.(Commercialisation, decentralisation, Centralisation)

9. The first Anglo-Chinese war concluded by signing Treaty of .................(Canton, Nanking, Taiping)

10. ................. was basically an expression of anti-foreign feeling in China.(Boxer Rising, Open door Policy, Taiping Rebellion)

11. In 1853, ................. an American Naval officer first entered into Japan.(March ’10) (Commodore Perry, Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis)

12. England declared that ................. was her sphere of influence.(Niger Valley, Senegal Valley, Ethiopia)

13. England took over Egypt under the pretext of providing security to................. (Suez Canal, Port of fiume, Canton Port)

14. A constant interference in trade and religious matters by westerners ledto ................. in 1900 in China.

(Boxer Rising, Taiping Rebellion, Open door policy)15. The ................. conference on Africa declared the principle of ‘Effective

Control’. (Hague, Paris, Berlin)16. The activities of the westerners in China were initially confined to the

port of ................. (Shanghai, Canton, Hong Kong)17. Barring Ethiopia and ................., the rest of the African territories were

under the European powers. (Algiers, Morocco, Liberia)

WESTERNIMPERIALISM

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(B) Match the Following :

I ‘A’ Group ‘B’ Group1. Boxer Rising (a) 18402. First Anglo-Chinese war (b) 19003. Treaty of Nanking (c) 1842

(d) 1848Ans. (1- b), (2 - a), (3 - c)

II ‘A’ Group ‘B’ Group1. The Portuguese (a) Goa, Diu and Daman2. The French (b) Whole of India3. The British (c) Nepal

(d) Mahe, Carical, Chandranagar andPondicherry

Ans. (1 - a), (2 - d), (3 - b)

III ‘A’ Group ‘B’ Group1. Commodore Perry (Sept. ’10) (a) Battle of Plassey2. Robert Clive (b) Exploration of Africa3. Livingstone (c) Nawab of Bengal

(d) The first American to enter Japan(e) The first American to enter China

Ans. (1 - d), (2 - a), (3 - b)

Q.2 Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words.

*1. What is imperialism ? (Sept. ’08)Ans. 1) History of the world is replete with examples of powerful and ambitious

rulers who had expanded their kingdom beyond their nationalboundaries.

2) They built empires by annexing the neighbouring regions as well asdistant lands. The Greek and the Roman empires of ancient timesare well known.

3) This kind of territorial expansion is called imperialism.4) Imperialism, in its conventional form, was chiefly motivated by a desire

to satiate one’s own national pride and to show off military prowess.

*2. What is economic imperialism? (March ’08, ’10)Ans. 1) From the 17th century onwards, especially due to the industrial

revolution, a new type of imperialism came into existence.2) The main aim of this new imperialism of westerners was constantly

to secure more and more economic gains for their nation throughtrade and other means.

3) This was achieved by political and economic domination of the foreignlands.

4) This new form of imperialism is referred to as ‘Economic Imperialism’.

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*3. How did the imperialist powers impose their culture on Asia and Africa?Ans. 1) The Europeans claimed that they had come to civilize the ‘savage’

people of Asia and Africa.2) They also aimed at the spread of Christianity.3) By using their political power they started cultural domination of

these lands.4) In this way the imperialist powers tried to impose their culture on

Asia and Africa.

*4. How did the British secure Diwani rights in Bengal ? (March ’10)Ans 1) In Bengal, the British and the Nabab of Bengal were at logger- heads

on the issue of trade concessions to be given to the East India Company.2) In the battle of Plassey, the British defeated the Nabab of Bengal in 1757.3) This victory, opened floodgates for the British in India’s politics.4) Later on they secured Diwani rights (rights to collect the revenues)

in Bengal.Thus for all practical purposes, the British became the masters of Bengal.

*5. How did the British exploit India economically? (Sept. ’09)Ans. 1) The British traders used to buy goods in India at cheaper rates and

sell them in Europe at exorbitantly high rates. The British tradersresorted to a tariff – war, they forced their own government to levyincreased custom duty on imports from India.

2) The officers of East India Company were paid huge sums of salaryand allowances.

3) Availability of foreign goods at cheaper rates, led to the decay ofindigenous village industries.

4) Commercialization of agriculture resulted in shortage of essentialfood grains and losses to Indian farmers. With huge investment inIndian industries the British pocketed a big chunk of profits. ThusIndia was exploited economically by the British.

*6. Which restrictions were put on the foreigners by China?Ans. 1) The western people were regarded by China as barbarians.

2) Therefore, their activities in China were confined to Canton port.3) The eight point regulations issued by China put a number of

restrictions on foreigners so as to prevent them from directlycommunicating with the local people.

4) Also the foreigners entering China had to kneel before the Chineseemperors.

Thus the Chinese put many restrictions on the foreigners.

*7. Write a note on the ‘Boxer Rising’.Ans. 1) To avoid the actual political division of China and to enjoy the economic

benefits, the United States declared the ‘Open Door Policy’ in 1899. Itstated that all countries would have equal rights to trade any wherein China.


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2) A constant interference in trade and religious matters by the westernersproved to be a major factor in creating discontent among the Chinese.

3) They gave expression to all this resentment in the form of ‘BoxerRising’ (1900). It was clearly an anti-foreign reaction.

4) It was suppressed and China was looted by the imperialist powers.

*8. How did Japan turn imperialist ?Ans. 1) Japan, the ‘Land of the Rising Sun’, was an isolated country that

was closed to foreigners.2) In 1853, Commodore Perry, an American naval officer, first entered into

Japan and commercial treaty was forced on her by the United States.Five Japanese ports were opened to Americans.

3) After the strong resistance, opposition to western influence in Japanweakened. Imperialist powers, through many concessions, startedexploiting Japan.

4) But soon the Japanese learnt their lessons, modernized their countryand emerged powerful. Japan, a victim of imperialism, soon turnedherself imperialist.

Q.3 Give Reasons for the following statements in 20 to 25 words each.

*1. The Africans were subjected to many restrictions. Ans. 1) ‘A scramble for Africa’ began by the end of the 19th century. Barring

Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest of African territories were soon underthe control of one or the other European power like England, France,Belgium, Italy, Germany and Spain.

2) These Europeans acquired value-laden mines like diamonds and gold.3) They provided the dark continent with facilities such as the railways

and roads.4) In exchange of these facilities the Africans were subjected to hut tax

and poll tax and cumbersome forced labour.Thus the Africans were subjected to many restrictions.

*2. The Europeans become inquisitive about the African continent.Ans. 1) In the beginning of the 19th century, European contacts with Africa

on account of its slave trade were limited to the coastal regions.2) Europeans never deemed it necessary to cross into the interior. Hence

it was called “The Dark Continent”.3) Later on adventurers like Stanley, Living stone, Baker explored the

valleys of the four major rivers in Africa, viz. the Nile, the Niger, theCongo and the Zambezi.

4) Their travels accounts made the Europeans more inquisitive aboutthe African continent.

*3. The western countries became keen to make investments in China.Ans. 1) After the second Anglo-Chinese war, foreigners were allowed to travel

into the interiors of China and trade concessions were granted towestern powers like Britain, France, Germany and Russia.

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2) After the Sino-Japanese war in 1894-1895, a scramble for furtherconcession was witnessed.

3) Also the ‘Open Door Policy’ declared by the United States (1899) gaveequal rights to all countries to trade anywhere in China.

4) Therefore the powers who were initially interested mainly in tradeand commerce then became keen to make investment in China.

*4. East India Company began to maintain small troops of its own. (March ’09)Ans. 1) Initially British East India Company had restricted itself to trading

activity alone in India.2) Due to political instability in India in the following years, the British

started dabbling in Indian politics.3) Internal peace was necessary for uninterrupted trade.4) They also hoped that political mastery would help them in securing

concessions conducive to the promotion of their trade.Therefore the East India Company began to maintain small troops of its own.

Q.4 Answer each of the following question in 30 to 40 words.

*1. Explain the background of Imperialist Race.Ans. 1) The progress in navigation in the 15th century and the series of

geographical discoveries initiated by the Europeans prepared theground for spread of economic imperialism.

2) The renascent spirit had inspired the Europeans to conquer new heights.3) They set out ships in all directions and discovered new sea routes

and unknown lands to the east and west of Europe.4) The discoverers were followed by the traders.5) They reached new the Asian and African frontiers.6) Among all the European powers the British penetration proved to be

more effective.

*2. How did the British increased their trade in India? (March ’09, ’10)Ans. 1) The British who had come to India for trade, started dabbling in Indian

politics. Their political control over India helped them in securingtrade concessions.

2) To increase their trade further, they used all legal and illegal means.3) After industrial revolution the British goods had to compete with

Indian goods.4) The British traders resorted to a tariff-war and they forced their own

government to levy custom duty on imports from India.5) This led to total stoppage of exports from India to England (eg. Muslin

cloth or Malmal of Dacca).6) On the other hand the British cloth began to flood the Indian markets.Thus the British traders used all possible deceitful means to increasetheir trade in India.


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*3. How did the British economically exploit the Chinese? (Sept. ’08)Ans. 1) In 1840, a war broke out between China and Britain on the issue of

opium trade which China wanted to stop.2) The war concluded by singing of the Treaty of Nanking (1842) which

imposed many economic conditions on China.3) Hong-Kong was ceded to Britain which provided a permanent trading

base to Britain.4) Five more ports were opened for British trade.5) China had to pay a war indemnity of twenty one million dollars to Britain.6) The treaty signed after the second Anglo-Chinese war granted more

trade concessions and low tariff duties to Britain.In this way the British exploited China economically.

*4. How did a scramble for Africa begin in earnest ?Ans. 1) European powers had hardly used military strength as the local chiefs

did not oppose but, after 1880, the situation in Africa changed radically.2) Belgium and Germany showed keen interest in imperialism in Africa.3) This gave a sense of urgency to the European powers in acquiring

African territories.4) England took over Egypt under the pretext of providing security to the

Suez Canal.5) The principle of ‘Effective Control’ declared in the Berlin conference

on Africa gave further impetus to partition of Africa.6) Except Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest of the` African territories came

under the control of one or the other European power like England,Italy, Belgium and Spain.

*5. How did the British exploit India after 1858?Ans. 1) British crown assumed the reigns of Indian administration after

Queen’s Proclamation of 1858.2) The financial burdern on account of fat salaries and allowances of

the British officers, their luxurious bungalows, lavish facilities, andtheir pensions after retirement when they returned to England wereborne by India. Budget on military establishment was also a chargeon Indian revenue.

3) A levy of land revenue at increased rate had to be paid in cash to thenew regime, which increased the indebtedness of the farmers.

4) Availability of foreign goods at cheap rates led to the decay ofindigenous village Industries.

5) Due to political change the artists and craftsmen lost their patronage.6) The British showed some interest in developing industries in India.

But the major share of investment was of the British capitalists whopocketed a big chunk of profit.

Thus India suffered great economic exploitation at the hands of the Britishrulers.

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Q.5 Answer each of the following questions in 80 to 100 words.

*1. Give an account of how British increased their empire in India.Ans. The British who had come to India for establishing her trading contacts,

succeeded in conquering India.(1) The East India Company in India :

i) The East India Company had come to India for her economicexploitation.

ii) They obtained permission from Emperor Jahangir to start a factoryin 1615 A.D.

iii) They gradually began to spread to all corners of India.(2) The political domination over India :

i) The East India Company that had restricted itself to trading activityalone till 1740 AD, started dabbling in Indian politics in thefollowing years.

ii) They hoped that political mastery would help them in securingconcessions conducive to the promotion of their trade.

iii) The company also maintained small troops of its own for the same.(3) The Carnatic wars :

Mutual bickering arising out of trade and internal politics in court ofCarnatic Nabab, during the years 1740 AD -1761 AD, gave rise toconfrontation between the French and the British. In the thirdCarnatic War, the British gave a decisive blow to the French.

(4) The battle of Plassey :i) In Bengal the British and Nabab of Bengal were at logger-heads

on the issue of trade concession to be given to the East IndiaCompany.

ii) In the battle of Plassey, the British defeated the Nabab of Bengalin 1757.

iii) This victory opened floodgates for the British in India’s politics.(5) Expansion of British rule in India :

i) In the course of time the British had to fight the Mysore rulersand Marathas.

ii) By 1818 the British subjugated almost all of India.iii) The remaining princely state were either annexed later or existed

only in name.(6) Transfer of power :

i) After the war of independence in 1857, The East India Company’srule was replaced by the British Crown.

In this way British increased their empire in India and continued economicexploitation of India.

*2. Explain the effects of the imperialist policy on the Indian economy.(March ’10)

Ans. The British imperialist policy severely affected Indian economy in thefollowing ways:


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(1) Deceitful trade :i) The British traders used to buy goods in India at cheaper rates and

sell them in Europe at exorbitantly high prices.ii) To compete with Indian goods the British traders resorted to tariff-

war. They forced their own government to levy custom duty on importsfrom India.

iii) Such a policy adversely affected the trade of Indian muslin cloth(Malmal) exported from Dacca to England. Between the years 1787-1817, the Indian muslin colth export totally stopped.

iv) On the otherhand, the British cloth began to flood Indian markets.(2) Burden on Indian Treasury (Economic Drain) :i) The officers of East India Company were paid fat salaries and

allowances, their luxurious bungalows, their pensions after retirementwhen they returned to England were all borne by India.

ii) Budget on military establishment was also borne by India.(3) Destruction of self sufficiency of villages :i) Before the advent of the British all the villages were self – sufficient

as all their daily needs were met at village level.ii) The British levied land revenue at increased rate to be paid in cash

which added to the indebtedness of the farmers.(4) Decay of Indigenous industries :i) Availability of foreign goods at cheap rates, decayed indigenous village

industries.ii) Artists and craftsmen became unemployed and also lost patronage

due to political change.(5) Commercialisation of agriculture :i) The Indian farmers started commercialization of agriculture as it

meant instant availability of cash to the farmers. But in actualitythey were the losers because the crop prices were determined by theBritish capitalist.

ii) It also resulted in shortage of essential food grains.(6) Impact of British investment in industry :i) The British capitalists invested heavily in developing Indian industries

and pocketed a major chunk of profit also.Thus, the British used all possible means, legal and illegal, to exploitIndia economically.

*3. Explain the process of the Partition of Africa.Ans. (1) The African continent : The dark continent.

i) The interior of Africa was unknown till the middle of the 19th century.ii) Whatever the contacts the Europeans had with Africa on account

of its slave trade limited to coastal regions only.iii) But the travel account of adventurers like Stanley, Living stone,

Baker made the Europeans more inquisitive about the Africancontinent.

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(2) Growing European interest in Africa:i) The Christian missionaries visited Africa for the spread of

Christianity.ii) European countries offered military assistance to the tribal chief

for self protection.iii) In exchange they gave up their territory to the Europeans.iv) The Europeans encouraged the Africans to grow and export

groundnuts, cotton and palm oil.(3) Imperialist race in Africa:

i) The imperialist power in Europe were engaged in rivalry in Africa.ii) England declared that the Niger valley was her sphere of influence.iii) The French started moving up the Senegal valley.iv) The French influence was also increasing in Algiers, Morocco,

Tunis and Egypt.(4) Scramble for Africa:

i) After 1880 the situation in Africa changed.ii) Belgium and Germany showed keen interest in imperialism in

Africa.iii) This gave a sense of urgency to the European powers in acquiring

African territories.iv) England took over Egypt under the pretext of providing security to

the Suez Canal.v) The principle of ‘Effective Control’ declared in The Berlin

Conference on Africa gave further impetus to partition of Africa.vi) Except Ethiopia and Liberia, the rest of the African territories

came under control of one or the other European powers likeEngland, France, Italy, Germany, Belgium and Spain.

(5) Restrictions on Africa:i) The Europeans acquired value laden mines like diamonds and

gold in Africa.ii) They provided the Dark Continent with facilities like railways

and roads.iii) In exchange, the Africans were subjected to hut-tax, poll tax and

cumbersome forced labour.This conquest of Africa by the imperialist powers is known as the partitionof Africa.

Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate


1. In 1615 A.D the British obtained permission to start a factory at

................. . (Mumbai,Surat, Madras)

2. Africa was called as ............... .

(The province of slaves,, The dark continent, The backward territory)

Q.2. Match the following :

'A' Group 'B' Group

1. Commodore Perry (a) Battle of Plassey

2. Robert Clive (b) Exploration of Africa

3. Livingstone (c) Nawab of Bengal

(d) The first American to enter Japan

Q.3. Answer each of the following questions in 20 to 25 words : (Any 2)

1. How did the imperialist powers impose their culture on Asia and Africa?

2. How did the British secure Diwani rights in Bengal?

3. Write a note on the 'Boxer Rising' ?

Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :

(Any 2)

1. The Africans were subjected to many restrictions

2. The Europeans become inquisitive about the African continent.

3. East India Company began to maintain small troops of its own.

CHAPTER 4 : WESTERN IMPERIALISM

SET - A

S.S.C.

HISTORY

Marks : 20

Duration : 1 hr.

2

3

4

4

Best Of Luck

3

4

Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)

1. How did the British increased their trade in India?

2. How did the British economically exploit the Chinese?


1. Give an account of how British increased their empire in India .

2. Explain the effects of the imperialist policy on the Indian economy.

Q.1. Complete the following statement by choosing appropriate


1. In 1853, ............... an American Naval officer first entered into Japan.

(Commodore Perry, Robert Clive, Lord Cornwallis)

2. The ............... conference on Africa declared the principle of 'Effective

Control'. (Hague, Paris, Berlin)

Q.2. Match the following :

'A' Group 'B' Group

1. Boxer Rising (a) 1840

2. First Anglo-Chinese war (b) 1900

3. Treaty of Nanking (c) 1842

(d) 1848


1. How did Japan turn Imperialist?

2. What background led to Western Imperialism?

3. How did British secure Diwani Rights?

Q.4. Give reasons for the following statements in 20 to 30 words :

(Any 2)

1. Open door policy was implemented in China.

2. East India Company started domination over Indian states.

3. China attracted investments from western countries.

CHAPTER 4 : WESTERN IMPERIALISM

SET - B

S.S.C.

HISTORY

Marks : 20

Duration : 1 hr.

2

3

4

4

Best Of Luck

3

4

Q.5. Answer each of the following questions in 30 to 40 words: (Any 1)

1. Describe cutting of Chinese melon.

2. Describe the various forms of Domination led by the European

countries to colonize Asia & Africa.


1. Write a note of Japan's imperialism.

2. How did scramble of Africa begin in earnest?

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