The sauce on the catch of the day, above,at Sofreh in Brooklyn is “hypnoticallycomplex,” Pete Wells says. PAGE D5

FOOD D1-8

Cheers for a Persian Restaurant

VOL. CLXVII . . . No. 58,083 © 2018 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2018

C M Y K Nxxx,2018-09-12,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

U(D54G1D)y+%!_!@!#!:

Activists say that a reckoning with thenation’s violent legacy in Africa is over-due, and that without it a hole remainsin accounting for its Nazi past. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-9

Germany Faces Colonial Past

Frank Bruni PAGE A25

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A24-25

DOUG MILLS/THE NEW YORK TIMES

President Trump and Melania Trump paid tribute in Shanksville, Pa., to those who died there in the attacks 17 years ago. Page A11.‘We Remember the Moment’

The new head of civil rights atthe Education Department has re-opened a seven-year-old casebrought by a Zionist group againstRutgers University, saying theObama administration, in closingthe case, ignored evidence thatsuggested the school allowed ahostile environment for Jewishstudents.

The move, by Kenneth L. Mar-cus, the assistant secretary of ed-ucation for civil rights and a long-time opponent of Palestinianrights causes, signaled a signifi-cant policy shift on civil rights en-forcement — and injected federalauthority in the contentious fightsover Israel that have divided cam-puses across the country. It alsoput the weight of the federal gov-ernment behind a definition ofanti-Semitism that targets oppo-nents of Zionism, and it explicitly

defines Judaism as not only a reli-gion but also an ethnic origin.

And it comes after the Trumpadministration moved the Ameri-can Embassy in Israel from TelAviv to Jerusalem, moved to cutoff aid to the Palestinian Authorityand announced the closing of thePalestine Liberation Organiza-tion’s office in Washington.

In a letter to the Zionist Organi-zation of America, obtained byThe New York Times, Mr. Marcussaid he would vacate a 2014 deci-sion by the Obama administrationand re-examine the conservativeJewish group’s cause not as a caseof religious freedom but as possi-ble discrimination against an eth-nic group.

In so doing, the Education De-partment embraced Judaism asan ethnicity and adopted a hotly

U.S. Revives Rutgers Bias CaseIn New Tack on Anti-Semitism

By ERICA L. GREEN

Continued on Page A20

With millions of coastal resi-dents either on the move or hun-kering down anxiously in place,Hurricane Florence surged to-ward North Carolina on Tuesday,tracing an unusual path that couldlead to tremendous destruction —especially if the immense stormdumps enormous amounts of rainas it moves inland.

“This could be an unprecedent-ed disaster for North Carolina,”said Brian McNoldy, a senior re-search associate at the Universityof Miami, in a post on Tuesday onhis popular hurricane blog.

A powerful Category 4 storm,with winds over 130 miles perhour, Florence should reach landby Friday, and when it does, is ex-pected to be a monster. In additionto its powerful winds, the stormwill slam the coasts of North Car-olina, South Carolina and Virginiawith a huge, life-threateningstorm surge, the National Hurri-

cane Center has predicted. Andonce it is ashore, its drenchingrains may cause “catastrophicflash flooding and significant riverflooding” over a wide area of theCarolinas and the Mid-Atlanticstates.

In the face of those threats,many coastal residents and vaca-tioning tourists streamed inlandon Tuesday, prompted by evacua-tion orders issued by the gover-nors of North and South Carolinaand many local authorities. Oth-

ers said they would wait, hoping tosqueeze in one more day of fishingor beachgoing before heading forthe hills. And some said theywould defy the storm and stay put.

In Nags Head, N.C., a small

Storm Aims for Land, Winding Up to Deliver a Drenching WallopBy JOHN SCHWARTZ

and TIMOTHY WILLIAMS

Wrightsville Beach, N.C., in the path of Hurricane Florence, which was expected to hit land Friday.ERIC THAYER FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A17

Nearly two decades ago, in aManhattan subway station, amentally ill man shoved KendraWebdale, a promising young writ-er, to her death in front of an on-coming N train.

It was a horrific crime thatshocked the city and the nation,highlighting deep flaws in the careof seriously mentally ill peopleand spurring a wave of state lawsthat use court orders to movethem into outpatient treatment.

Last week, the man who killedMs. Webdale, Andrew Goldstein,now 49, who has had schizophre-nia since his youth, walked out of

prison and into a mental healthsystem that has been heavily in-fluenced by his crime.

But whether those reformshave fundamentally improvedthat system — or just patched itover — remains an issue of in-tense debate among lawmakers,doctors and other mental healthspecialists. The so-called Kendra’sLaw program in New York, for ex-ample, is considered to be suc-cessful when it is used. But advo-cates and critics alike say it isunderutilized and underfunded.

“There’s still so much further togo,” said State Senator CatharineYoung, an upstate New York Re-publican who has been one of thelaw’s chief supporters in recent

years.Now, 46 states have some ver-

sion of the program popularizedby Kendra’s Law, known in themental health lexicon as “AssistedOutpatient Treatment,” or A.O.T.

The effectiveness of consistenttreatment on the most seriouslymentally ill, with or without acourt order, is widely acknowl-edged. The treatment required byKendra’s Law in New York is prov-en to reduce a patient’s risk of hos-pitalization, suicide and violence.

Championed by Ms. Webdale’sfamily, Kendra’s Law sought toplug cracks that Mr. Goldstein hadfallen through. Records showedthat he had been hospitalizedmore than a dozen times before

killing Ms. Webdale, including onestay in the hospital just six weeksprior.

He was repeatedly released tolive on his own, where he often

Subway Killer Prompted Mental Health Reforms. Did They Work?By ALI WATKINS

The death of Kendra Webdalein 1999 led to Kendra’s Law.

Continued on Page A22

The last vestige of the IslamicState’s caliphate that straddledSyria and Iraq is under attack.

Members of an American-backed coalition said Tuesdaythat they had begun a final push tooust the militants from Hajin, Syr-ia, the remaining sliver of land un-der the group’s control in the re-gion where it was born.

The assault is the final chapterof a war that began more than fouryears ago after the Islamic State,also known as ISIS, seized vasttracts in Iraq and Syria and de-clared a caliphate. The group lostits last territory in Iraq last year.

The caliphate put the IslamicState on the map physically andpolitically.

The group seized major indus-tries and taxed residents, generat-ing enormous sums to fund its wareffort, including training fightersto carry out attacks in Europe.The notion of the caliphate alsoprovided a powerful recruitingtool.

As the group’s territory hasshrunk, the number of foreign re-cruits into Iraq and Syria hasdwindled. Still, security analystssay that even after the group’s ex-pected defeat in Hajin, the IslamicState is likely to remain a powerfulterrorist force.

The Islamic State remains justas determined to stage attacks inthe West, but advances in counter-terrorism and law enforcementabroad have frustrated many ofits efforts.

Hajin does not look like much:On a bend of the Euphrates Riverin eastern Syria, it appears tohave only a few major streets andjust one public hospital. An esti-mated 60,000 people are believedto be living there and in a smatter-ing of neighboring villages.

The Syrian Democratic Forces,

COALITION BEGINSFIGHT TO RECLAIMLAST ISIS BASTION

CALIPHATE UNDER SIEGE

Jihadists Driven Out ofSyria Would Remain

Threat for Terror

By RUKMINI CALLIMACHI

Continued on Page A6

BRUSSELS — As Prime Min-ister Viktor Orban steadily estab-lished an “illiberal state” in Hun-gary, dismantling the country’schecks and balances, stacking itsconstitutional court with loyalistsand creating a template for otherfar-right leaders, a powerfulgroup of European politicianstook note.

And said little.Mr. Orban is now seen as a

threat to Europe’s mainstreamleadership, especially the conser-vative alliance that for yearschose to shelter him. Leaders ofEurope’s conservative politicalparties — including ChancellorAngela Merkel of Germany — re-frained from reining him in, large-ly because he was part of their co-alition in Brussels, and theythought they could control him.

Now some leaders in the alli-ance, known as the European Peo-ple’s Party, have concluded thatwas a mistake, and are breakingfrom Mr. Orban. On Wednesday,the European Parliament isscheduled to vote on whether tosuspend Hungary’s voting rightswithin the European Union — anextreme measure whose outcomewill hinge on whether conserva-tives turn against the prime min-ister.

That vote, if approved, wouldonly be a first step in a showdownwith Mr. Orban. Punishing Hun-gary would also require a vote ofthe leaders of the European Un-ion’s 28 member states, and ap-proval is far from certain.

Either way, Mr. Orban hasforced Europe’s center-rightmovement into a corner, as itsleaders consider whether to standby the liberal values and institu-tions it has shaped since the gene-sis of the European project in the1950s, or to move in his direction.

E.U.’S LEADERSHIPSEEKS TO CONTAINHUNGARY’S ORBAN

FIGHT OVER CORE VALUES

Conservatives Who OnceTolerated a Far-Right

Leader May Turn

By PATRICK KINGSLEY

Continued on Page A9

Signs of a downturn driven by tariffs onaluminum and steel have people wor-ried in Elkhart, Ind., a manufacturingcenter for recreational vehicles. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-8

Malaise in a Motor Home Hub

David Wright wants to return after along, injury-related absence. But insur-ance covers much of his salary while heis on the disabled list, aiding the finan-cially challenged franchise. PAGE B9

SPORTSWEDNESDAY B9-12

Money Is an Object to the Mets

The Education Department said thatdespite progress in eliminating lead inwater at schools, more than 1,000 fix-tures remained contaminated. PAGE A22

NEW YORK A21-23

School Faucets Still Have Lead

In a memoir, the actress reveals a his-tory darkened by childhood abuse andrecalls her “confusing and complicated”time with Burt Reynolds. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-8

Sally Field’s Life, ‘In Pieces’

State, local and business leaders whovowed to uphold the Paris climate pactare gathering for talks in San Francisco.The big question is whether they will domore than talk. PAGE A18

A Test for Climate Activists

At a time of flat budgets for NASA, theagency’s new administrator floats thequestion of branding deals and sellingnaming rights for its spacecraft to helpoffset some of its costs. PAGE A20

NATIONAL A10-20

Where NASA Has Never Gone

Late Edition

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Today, mostly cloudy, humid, show-ers, thunderstorms, high 78. To-night, mostly cloudy, low 70. Tomor-row, mostly cloudy, humid, showers,high 78. Weather map, Page A16.

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