Revolutions in Europe and the Americas

Mr. OrnsteinWillow Canyon High School

AP World History

Answer:

• What is a Revolution?

Old Ideas

• Bible Explains All Science• Church Teachings

Old Ideas

• Monarch Has Absolute Power

• Monarch Has Divine Right from God to Rule over Country and People

• Ex. Louis XIV, Henry VIII

View of the Universe prior to the Scientific Revolution• Until mid-1500s, people in

Europe believed Earth was the center of the universe.

• This theory matched beliefs taught by the Church.

Scientific Revolution

• Follows Renaissance• During the late part of the 16th

century, science began to shift to a new way of thinking about the physical universe. This change is known as the Scientific Revolution.

Nicolaus Copernicus

Revolution Starts

• In 1543, Nicolaus Copernicus • His view is known as

heliocentric (sun-centered) model of the universe. This is the idea that the sun is the center of the universe and Earth is just one of several planets that revolve around it.

Galileo• In Italy, Galileo Galilei uses his

telescope and comes to the realization that the sun is the center of the universe as well.

• Contradict the ancient views of the world.

• Forced by Church to Recant

A new approach to science• In the early 1600s, science begins to

rely on observation and experimentation rather than the beliefs of the Bible.

• The new approach called for using the scientific method to explain data found from experiments. Scientists used reasoning to create an educated guess or hypothesis. They then tested their hypothesis multiple times to end up with a conclusion.

The Scientific Model• The Scientific Method:

– 1. State the problem– 2. Gather information on the problem– 3. Form a hypothesis– 4. Experiment to test the hypothesis – 5. Record and analyze data– 6. State a conclusion– 7. Repeat the steps

Most Important Information to Know

• The main importance of the Scientific Revolution is that the great minds of the Enlightenment try to use and explain the ideas of the Scientific Revolution. –The Scientific Revolution is

applied to the ideas and science of the Enlightenment.

Answer:• What Changes During the Scientific

Revolution?• What were two old ideas before the

Scientific and Intellectual Revolutions?

• How did the Heliocentric Theory Work?

• How was Scientific Method different from previous methods?

The Age of Reason• The Scientific Revolution Led Directly to

the Intellectual Revolution.• The Intellectual Revolution is also called:-The Enlightenment-The Age of Reason

Influence of the Scientific Revolution on the Enlightenment

• Enlightenment Philosophers attempt to Apply the Lessons of the Scientific Revolution to People during the Age of Reason.

• Laws of Nature

Enlightenment

• The Intellectual Revolution was a revolution of ideas about people, government, and society.

• Mostly in England, France, United States

Answer:

• What are two other names for the Age of Reason?

Thomas Hobbes/Old View• Writes Leviathan• People are

Naturally Bad.• People should

give up freedoms in exchange for Protection from Strong Ruler.

New Ideas from the Enlightenment

• Government Gets Power from the People

• Government Should Protect Rights of People

• Separation of Powers• Freedom of Speech, Religion

John Locke• Government gets its power

from the People• Government is to protect

Natural Rights (life, liberty, property) of Citizens

• People Can Overthrow a Government that Fails to Protect Natural Rights

Locke not Locke

Thomas Jefferson and John Locke

• Life, Liberty, and Pursuit of Happiness

• Declaration of Independence is Influenced by Locke

Declaration of Independence• Written by Jefferson Influenced by

Locke• People have the right to replace a

government that fails to protect natural rights.

• If government fails to protect Natural Rights people have the right to rebel.

Influence of the Enlightenment

• Directly Influences Revolutions in America, France, and Latin America

• Declaration of Independence• US Constitution

Ticket Out the Door• Name two revolution influenced by

the Intellectual Revolution?• How did the Scientific Revolution

influence the Enlightenment?• How did an Absolute Monarchy

work?• How were the ideas of Locke

different from an Absolute Monarchy?