revolutionary war ch 1.2. thursday february 2, 2012 daily goal: understand how the battle of...
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Revolutionary War
Ch 1.2
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Thursday February 2, 2012
• Daily goal: Understand how the Battle of Saratoga was a turning point, the significance of the Battle of Yorktown and what type of warfare the Colonial Army used against the British.
• Think about it…• To what extent do you agree or disagree with
the statement below…• “If you don’t know history it is as if you were
born yesterday.” –Howard Zinn
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Friday February 3, 2012
• Daily goal: Understand John Locke’s contribution to the Revolution, how taxes strained the relationship between Americans and the British.
• Think about it…• How would you feel if your taxes were raised
significantly and there was no one in the gov’t representing you to stop it?
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The French and Indian War(1754-63)a.k.a. The 7 Years War
• By 1754 British American Colonists began to push past the Appalachian Mountains – Problem: France and many different Native American
tribes claimed and already occupied this territory
– over 3 million Colonist + British Troops vs. many Native tribes + 15,000 French Troops
– Goal: build forts to protect and expand British territory west of Appalachian mtns.
• Britain goes to war against France + Spain (1756-63) to fight for control over territories around the world – including India, Philippines, Montreal, Ohio Valley,
West Indies, etc.
• The portion of the 7 Years War fought in North America is know as the French and Indian War
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Why call it French and Indian War?
• Natives played a key role in the war– they chose sides that
benefited them– goal was to prevent
European settlements on native lands
• Vicious fighting on
both sides: – scalping was common
on both sides– $ for scalps – British sent blankets w/
smallpox on it to the Natives
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John Locke• People have natural rights to life,
liberty, and property
• Social contract:– people collectively choose to obey
a government, only when that government protects the natural rights of the citizens
• If the government breaks that contract by violating the peoples rights– people have the right to overthrow
that government
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John Locke
• Argued that people were born with Natural Rights (life, liberty and property) from their Creator, that could no be taken away.
• Governments were formed to protect these rights and if they did not, the people had a right to rebel against their government.
• These ideas greatly influenced the Declaration of Independence.
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How will Britain pay its war debts?
• Parliament passed new tax laws:– Stamp Act (1765) taxed most printed
documents including: wills, newspapers, deeds, college diplomas and other printed materials.• 1st tax on goods within colonies
• Colonist felt there union was w/ king not Parliament- therefore unlawful tax
• Trial by admiralty court is violation of the English Bill of Rights – made Amer. colonist 2nd class citizens
• read: Stamp Act primary doc
• How will the colonist respond? Why?
TAX STAMP USED ON ALL PRINTED MATERIALS
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How will the colonist respond?
• Protesting and boycotting of British Goods
• Impact: • British merchants sold less, thus
earned less $ employers laid off workers British public angry at Parliament
• Result: Stamp Act repealed in 1766
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•
What else can Parliament do to raise $ to pay its debt?
- Townsend Act (1767) Taxed all imported and exported goods (double tax) - created a board to go after smugglers
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Tea Act (1773)
• Tax on tea to raise $
• Create a monopoly for the East India Tea Company
• How would the colonist respond?
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Boston Tea Party (1773)
• A group of Bostonians raided a ship full of tea, and dumped the tea into the water.
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Taxes
• Stamp Act- first direct tax on the colonies on most legal documents and printed materials.
• Townsend Acts- taxes placed on glass, lead, paper, paint and tea.
• Tea Act- taxed Tea in the colonies.• “No taxation without representation!” became
the colonial catch phrase, because they did not have a rep in Parliament.
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Declaration of Independence• Written by Thomas Jefferson
• Influenced by Locke’s ideas about government and natural rights
• Unalienable rights – life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
• People had the right to abolish the government if their rights are violated
• Compare: Jefferson’s version vs. Final draft Dec. of Ind.
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THE CONGRESS MET AGAIN IN JUNE 1776 AND COMMISSIONED THOMAS
JEFFERSON TO DRAFT A DECLARATION OF
INDEPENDENCE. THE DOCUMENT HAD THREE
PARTS: THE PURPOSE OF A GOVERNMENT, 27
REASONS FOR SEPARATION, AND THE
OFFICIAL DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
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56 MEN SIGNED THE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE OVER SEVERAL MONTHS, WITH THE ADOPTION ON JULY 2, 1776
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Declaration of Independence
• Thomas Jefferson drafted the document which proclaimed the colonies an independent country and broke all ties with Britain.
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1st Continental Congress (1774)
• Members from 12 colonies – Georgia did not attend
• Meet to discuss reaction to Intolerable Acts.
• Another Boycott of British goods
• Drafted a Declaration of Rights and Grievances – sent to King George
• Why the king?
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How did the King Respond?
• Ignored petition• Sent more troops • Royal Governor of MA ordered:
– the arrest of Samuel Adams + John Hancock – Confiscation of militia arms and ammunition in Lexington
and Concord JOHN HANCOCK
SAMUEL ADAMS
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Paul Revere: “The redcoats are coming”
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Lexington and Concord April 1775
• Gunshots were exchanged between British soldiers and Boston Militiamen in Lexington and Concord
• Read Lexington primary document
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How will the British respond?
Bunker Hill (June 1775) - unofficial beginning of the
American Revolution
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How do the colonist respond?
• 2nd Continental Congress (1775)• Appoints George Washington as General of revolutionary army• Drafts Declaration of Independence (1776)
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Continental Army
• The Colonists had depended on militia units like the minutemen- who were trained to fight at a minute’s notice.
• The 2nd Continental Congress voted to create the Continental Army led by General George Washington.
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The Big Battles
• Battle of Saratoga- stunning American victory that convinced the French to join the American cause.
• Battle of Yorktown- The last major battle of the War that convinced the British to begin peace negotiations.
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Peace
• The British and Americans signed the Treaty of Paris officially ending the war and giving America independence.