Rivalry with Spain in the

Age of Exploration

Battles: Demanded that

Legaspi should leave

Sugbu

but The Cebuano –

Spanish alliance refused

that Gen. Gonzalo

Pereira ordered a

blockade in Cebu but

defeated in 1568

1570 again bombard

some Spanish Settlement

Portuguese gave-up

because of the 1580

acquisition of Spain to

Portugal.

A former colony of Spain

but proclaimed their

independence in 1579 (30

year’s War in Europe)

1597 under Admiral Oliver

Van Noort reached

Manila Bay.

1. Mariveles – Defeated

w/ Antonio de Morga

2. Cuyo – 1610

3. Manila Bay (2nd

Mariveles)

4. Playa Honda – 1617

5. Battle of Cavite &

Bataan

1647 gave up their

attempt.

Continuation of the 7

year’s War in Europe

George lll ordered the

conquest of the

Philippines

Manila – 09/24/1762

The British didn’t fully

conquered the

Philippines under the

Leadership of Don Simon

de Anda y Salazar

Ended in May 31, 1764

under the Provision of the

Treaty of Paris.

1574 (November, 19)

they arrived in Manila

Bay & Parañaque

Nov.30 - attacked

Manila. de Goiti was the

casualty of the battle.

Dec 3 - attacked Manila

but defeated.

1575 with Lakandula /

Rajah Sulayman, they

finally repelled the

pirates in Lingayen,

Pangasinan

demanded tribute to the

Spaniards and tension

with Christian Religion.

He attempt to conquered

the Philippines but died in

1598.

1603 attacked of the

Sangley in Manila

Koxinga

1662 - Demanded a

Tribute to Spain

Because of the tension,

the Chinese terrorized

Manila

Francisco Laksamana,

with 4,000 Warriors

repelled the terrorists &

honored as Commander

– in - Chief of Fort

Santiago.

Freedom

Discrimination

Religion

Uprising: The Mutiny of

Gatdula

Leaders: Lakandula /

Rajah Sulayman

Year: 1574

Place: Manila, Tondo and

Navotas

Cause: Gov. Gen. Guido

de Lavazares - Cease

their lands in Manila and

exemptions to pay

tribute.

With a close ties between

Lakandula, Juan de

Salcedo…

…and Father Geronimo

Marin, they had a

peaceful solution &

helped the Spaniards to

repelled Lim-Ah-hong in

Pangasinan.

Uprising: The Tondo

Conspiracy

Leaders: Agustin de

Legaspi (Lakandula’s

Grandson)

Magat Salamat –

Lakandula’s Son (Datu in

Tondo)

Pedro Baliguit – Datu in

Pandacan

Phelipe Salonga (son of

Lakandula; Datu of Polo,

Bulacan)

Place: Manila, Borneo,

Cuyo

Year/s: 1587-1588

Cause: to Regained

their lost Freedom and to

bring back the tradition

of their people.

They seek an alliance

with Borneo, Laguna &

Batangas for arms and

Man-power.

In Cuyo, Antonio Surabao

(beaten by the Spaniards)

that he reported the

conspiracy to the

Spaniards. All of the

conspirators was executed

except to Pedro Balinguit &

some remaining Tondo

Datu to be exiled in Mexico

Uprising: Magalat’s

Revolt

Leader: Magalat

Year: 1596

Place: Cagayan

Cause: Spanish

maltreatment rule

Prove to be a good

leader that he killed

many Spaniards &

Filipinos in Tuguegarao.

Because of his Victories,

the Spaniards hired an

assassin to killed Magalat

& succeeded.

Uprising: Revolt of the

Gaddang in Irraya.

Leaders: Gabriel Dayag

and Philippe Cutabay

Years: 1621 - 1622

Place: Northern Isabela

in the Cagayan Valley

Cause: Abuse by the

Spanish Authorities

(Reduccion)

A unity among Irraya’s

Tribe

Laid siege and killed

some Spanish officials

and Friars.

Fray Pedro de Santo

Tomas persuaded the

Irrayas (Dayag) to be

pardoned.

Founded the city of

Maquila & Cabagan – a

former rebel camps of

Irrayas

Uprising: Ladia’s

conspiracy

Leader: Pedro Ladia

Year: 1643

Place: Malolos, Bulacan

Cause: to reclaimed their

lost Freedom

Claimed to be grandson of

Rajah Matanda that he

obtained many followers &

had the title of ”Rajah ng

mga Tagalog’’.

Discovered by Fr. Cristobal

Enriquez. He was arrested

& executed in Manila.

Uprising: Waray Waray

Rebellion

Leader: Juan Ponce,

Sumoroy and his Father

(Baybaylan).

Years: 1649-1650

Place: Palapag, Samar

Cause: Polo y Servicio.

June 1 1649, the rebel

forces murdered the local

Curate. Even with large

campaign, Sumoroy won

all battles for 1 year.

July 1650, night ambush

that they captured

Sumoroy’s…

mother was a casualty

of the battle (Chopped

to death).

Pedro Caamug

beheaded Sumoroy and

Ponce later captured

and executed.

Uprising: Maniago’s

Revolt

Leader: Francisco

Maniago

Year: 1660

Place: Pampanga

Cause: Polo y Servicio in

Timber and Bandala

(promissory notes that

didn’t redeem)

Burned their own houses

as a sign of Liberty.

Blocking the trade

between…

…Central Luzon and

Manila. But weakened

because the Datu of

Arayat, Juan

Makapagal, a

descendant of

Lakandula remained

loyal to the Spaniards .

Peaceful treaty was

signed to suppress the

revolt led by Fr. Andres

de Salazar

1. Pardon all rebels

2. Payment of 14,000 as

an installment for the

debt of 200,000

3. Continuation of timber

logging but given time to

attend their done

domestic affairs.

Uprising: Malong

Rebellion

Leader: Andres Malong

Years: 1660-1661

Place: Lingayen,

Pangasinan, Ilocus,

Cagayan, Pampanga, &

Zambales

Cause: Discrimination

and Polo y Servicio

Alliance with the

Zambal Warriors.

Because of his success,

he was named as king

of Pangasinan

Estimated number of his

allies and Soldiers –

11,000 but he divided it.

Captured in

Binalatongan &

executed in Vigan.

Uprising: Almazan

Revolt

Leader/s: Don Pedro

Almazan

Year: 1661

Place: Ilocus

Cause: Despotism of

the Spanish Officials in

Ilocus.

After the marriage of his

son to a fellow

conspirator’s daughter

(Juan Magsanop) .

Stage a rebellion

together with Gaspar

Cristobal – a chief of

Laoag.

In January 31, 1661 - Fr.

Jose Santa Maria was

beheaded after being

attacked with knives.

The Ilocanos and

the Kalingas crowned Pedro

Almazan with a stolen

crown of a statue from the

burned church.

Later Lorenzo Arqueros &

the Spaniards

counterattack and wipe out

all the Rebels.

Uprising: Zambal Revolt

Leaders: Tumalang (1st

Revolt) Calignao and

Kibakat (2nd Revolt)

Years: 1681-1683

Place: Zambales

Cause: Reduccion

Tumalang (became Don

Alfonso) was captured

but later built a

reduccion – Nueva

Toledo. Calignao

returned to Aglao and

started a Revolt.

Friar Domingo Perez a cruel

priest tried to persuade

Calignao to be converted as

catholic but miserably failed.

The fateful day of Nov. 16 1863,

with his archer Kibakat shot

Perez in the stomach. After 3

days because of blood the Friar

died and the people of Playa

Honda celebrated his death.

Uprising: Silang,

Rebellion

Leaders: Diego &

Gabriela Silang

Years: 1762 -1763

Place: Ilocus, Abra

Cause: Tribute and

Removing the Spanish

Authorities

Diego Silang effective

leadership due to his

experienced as a mail

Carrier.

He forcefully removed all

Spanish Authorities

including Mestizo in the

government. Alliance

with the British and Vigan

become the capital to

his independent

government.

Alarmed to his militia

success, the friars forced

the best friend of Diego

Silang, Miguel Vicos, to

assassinated Diego &

succeeded to killed him

at the back on May 28,

1763.

Gabriela Silang

continued her husband

Rebellion Campaign.

Won at Santa, Abra but

defeated by the later

period. Sept 20,1763:

Gabriela & others were

executed in Vigan.

Uprising: Palaris Revolt

Leader: Juan Dela Cruz

Palaris

Years: 1762 - 1765

Place: Pangasinan

Cause: Failure of reforms

and Tribute

The Dominicans tried to

persuaded Palaris not to

revolt but failed.

Won with 10,000 men

and become the head

of the province of

Binalatongan (San

Carlos).

But betrayed by his own

sister, Simeona to the

Clergymen.

He was convicted and

hanged on Feb. 26,

1765. He was 32 years

old.

Uprising: Cagayan

Revolt

Leaders: Datu Dabo &

Juan Marayac

Year: 1763

Place: Ilagan

Cause: Tribute & Resist

the Spaniards

Insurrection in

Cabagan and act of

violence on the

Spaniards & Friars

Don Manuel de Arza &

loyal Indios (Sundados)

troops repelled the

Rebels and executed

the leaders.

Uprising: Babaylan Revolt

Leader: Tamblot

Years: 1621-22

Place: Bohol & Cebu

Cause: To return to their

old religion practice

Recruited 2000 Boholanos

to respond in arms during

the Jesuit celebrated the

feast of St. Francis Xavier.

The revolt reached Cebu.

After 1 year, the

Cebuanos crushed

Tamblot Rebellion.

On January 7, 1622 the

town of Malabago was

conquered by the

Spaniards and burned to

the ground.

Uprising: Bancao Revolt

Leaders: Bancao and

Pagali (Babaylan)

Year: 1622

Place: Limasawa, Leyte

Cause: to return to their

Ancestors religion

In his old age, he

returned to his old

religious practice.

Armed themselves to

defend their religion.

Leyte was in chaos that

the Spanish Authorities

were alarmed.

Bancao, at the last siege

died in the battle – his

head put on a stake & his

2nd son was also

beheaded.

Uprising: Dios Dios Revolt

Leader: Amang Tapar

Year: 1663

Place: Oton, Panay

Cause: To establish their

own religion.

Gaining hundred

members & murdered a

Friar

Suppressed the Tapar

forces (Maria Santissima)

& put the bodies on a

stake which later fed to

the crocodiles.

Uprising: Dagohoy

Rebellion

Leader: Francisco

Dagohoy

Years: 1744-1829

Place: Bohol

Cause: his brother death

- was denied a proper

Christian burial.

Dagohoy murdered 2

friars. Defeated all

expedition to suppressed

the rebellion

From 3,000 to 20,000 joined

the cause, and he

established a free

government in the

mountain. 20 Gov. Generals

tried to suppress Dagohoy

Forces. Finally repelled the

rebels on Aug . 31, 1829 -

rebellion lasted for 85 years.

Uprising: Hermano Pule’s

Revolt

Leader: Apolinario dela

Cruz

Years: 1840 - 41

Place: Tayabas

Cause: Religion

Discrimination

He learned

discrimination during his

tenure in Manila.

June 1840, he

established Confradia de

San Jose – a brotherhood

for adoration of St.

Joseph.

The brotherhood was

labeled as a heresy. Pule

resisted & rallied his

followers to defend their

practice. On Oct 23,1841

- they won and obtained

war-loot.

Lt. Col. Joaquin Huet,

massacred the

civilians in Tayabas on

Nov.1

Nov.4, Pule was finally

caught & executed

The series of wars with

Muslim in Mindanao has

2 main reasons: To

conquer Mindanao and

rivalry between Islam –

Christianity.

In June 1578, Captain

Esteban Rodriguez de

Figueroa campaign

against the Taosug

Warriors under Sultan

Muhammad ul-Halim. A

momentary conquered Jolo.

But surprisingly sailed

away. Returned in April

20, 1596, landed at

Bwayan and

encountered with Datu

Ubal Sirungan which the

Spaniards retreated.

In July 1599, Rajah

Sirungan and Salikala

with massive Caracoa

and thousand kris-men

raided Visayas and

capture some slaves but

the other raid in 1600 at Arevalo, Iloilo was..

…a failure because of

the Visayas warriors and

Don Juan Garcia de

Sierra. In 1602, Sirungan

with his brother Buisan of

Maguindanao with 145

Caracoas raided Visayas, …

Bicolandia, Mindoro,

Calamianes and Cuyo.

Capturing 700 Christian

Slaves. Captain Juan

Gallinato in February

1602 attacked Jolo which

result heavy losses to the Spaniards.

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On April 6, 1635, Captain

Juan de Chavez, Fr.

Melchor de Vera together

with 1000 Visayan Warriors

and 300 Spaniards landed

in Zamboanga and

established Fort Pilar on

June 23.

Tagal, brother of Sultan

Kudarat, raided within 8

months obtained slaves

and goods in Visayas

and Calamianes but on

December 17, 1636,

failed to raid Zamboanga which lead to his demise.

Governor Sebastian

Hurtado de Corcuera

decided to capture

Maguindanao and

invaded Lamitan on

March 13, 1637 that

Sultan Kudarat retreated.

Kudarat established a

Kuta (Bud) which also

raided by the Spaniards

but again escape with his

family. May 24, Corcuera

returned to Manila as the

victor but failed to

capture Kudarat…

…that led the Sultan to

unify Maguindanao and

Sulu declared Jihad

which the Spaniards find

hard to penetrate both

provinces - Attempt to

invade Lanao but

miserably failed.

In 1645, the Taosugs

liberated Jolo and

crushed the Spaniards.

The height of the Muslims

raid in 1769 which

plundered Malate,

Manila.

Because of modernity of

Spanish weaponry

especially the

Steamboats that Gov.

General Narciso Claveria

(1848 in Samal) and Gov.

Gen Antonio de

Urbiztondo…

…(1851 in Jolo) defeated

the Muslim raiders and

conquered the place.

During the British

invasion, On 1761 to 62,

leased of Palawan and

Sabah but in Jan. 22, 1878, …

Sultan Jamalul A’lam

leased permanently to

the British North Borneo

Company for an annual

rental of 5,000 Malayan

Dollars.

Uprising: Caraga

Rebellion

Leader: Mangabo

Year: 1629

Place: Caraga, Mindanao

Cause: Spanish officials

cruelty

Capt. Juan Bautista, a power

tripped official wherein he

also profited in slave trading

in Mindanao which the

former Rajah, Mangabo

verbally confronted the

Captain. The Captain

together with his unarmed

men beaten the old man

Caraga warriors witnessed

the abusive act against to

an elder which they

immediately chopped the

group of bullies. The

Tagaboloes halted the

revolt when the Spaniard

converted Mangabo as a

sign of Peace.

Uprising: Revolt in the

Cagayan Valley

Leader: None

Year: 1639

Place: Nueva Segovia

Cause: Spanish officials

cruelty

Manuel Zapata, a cruel

Alcalde Mayor, not only a

corrupt official but abusive

to his position that the

boiling point of the

Mandaya* where he

punished the wife of a

former Datu which rice

plumming all day!

The former Datu convinced

their baranggay to revolt

against the Spaniards that

they massacred all Spanish

soldiers in the near by

barracks but luckily the

good friar was spared. The

revolt itself is the downfall

of Nueva Segovia.

Uprising: Kalinga Revolt

Leader: Mengal Lagutao

(1783)

Years: 1663 - 1664 (1st

Revolt)

1783 – 1785 (2nd Revolt)

Place: Cagayan Valley

Cause: Reduccion

After 100 years the

Spaniards tired to

conquered the Cagayan

Valley but failed because

the Gamunang defenses

and the brave headhunters

that it crumbled the bullets

of the Spaniards that they

finally retreated on 1664.

Bulanao (Tibuk City),

Cagayan was easily

converted by the

Dominican missionaries but

the later was abused by

the Spanish officials which

they also brought the Small

pox epidemic in the city!

Lagutao, joined by his tribe

and the neighboring

baranggay escaped the

reduccion together with

elders and victims of the

small pox which roamed

around the mountains to

avoid the Spaniards.

Sadly, on April 5, 1785 the

Spanish Soldiers finally

caught with Lagutao in a

rancho in Payac that

without hesitation they

massacred the followers of

Lagutao.

Uprising: Basi Rebellion

Leader: Pedro Ambaristo

Year: 1807

Place: Ilocus (Piddig)

Cause: Basi Monopoly

Surprisingly, defeated the

Spanish garrison in Ilocus

and captured some

Spanish Cannons. But on

September 28, 1807, the

government finally

crushed the rebels.

Uprising: Revolt of the

Bayot Brothers

Leaders: Manuel, Jose,

and Joaquin (Creole of

the Kings Regimen)

Year: 1822

Place: Manila

Cause: French Revolution

Ideas

Conspired with other

Creole officers of the

Battalion Real Principe

(composed of Mestizos)

to took arms at dawn of

April 17, 1822 but failed.

Uprising: The Novales

Mutiny

Leader: Andres Novales

(A Mexican Creole)

Year: 1823

Place: Fort Santiago,

Manila

Cause: Continuation of

Mexican Independence.

Novales himself led his

main forces toward Fort

Santiago. To his great

surprise and dismay, his

own young brother…

…Lieutenant Mariano

Novales, refused to give

him Fort Santiago and

declared his loyalty to

Spain. After Andres

success, declared himself

as Emperor but later

defeated and executed.

In 1843, the Tayabas

Regimen avenged their

relatives death during the

Tayabas massacre in

Intramuros but easily

defeated & executed in

Bagumbayan.

Because of his

involvement with

Creole Revolt and

Hermano Pule – Don

Domingo, Roxas was

arrested.