Review of the reference documents on best available techniques (BREF) for waste treatment AD plants

Dipl.- Ing. David Wilken German Biogas Association Department: Waste, Fertilisation and Hygiene

Conference of the European Biogas Association 2014 September 30 – October 2

Alkmaar region, The Netherlands

•  German Biogas Association

•  Industrial Emission Directive (IED)

•  Review of the WT-BREF

•  Conclusion

Overview

Structure of the German Biogas Association

Headquarters in Freising 23 employees, organised in 10 departments

Board of Trustees Elected honorary spokesmen of regional groups, working groups

and advisory boards

Steering Committee 7 members, elected for a 4-year-period

Berlin Office 5 employees

Regional offices (North, South, East, West and Editorial Office Biogas Journal 5 employees

Advisory Boards, Working Groups Advisory boards of plant operators, companies, the legal profession, funders; Working groups for the areas permissions, safety, feeding-in

of biogas, environment, heat, waste and fertiliser law

over

400

hon

orar

y ex

pert

s

23 Regional groups in Germany

4.800 Members

Operators of biogas plants

Research Institutions

Interested private individuals Companies and manufacturers

Lawyers

Corporate finance Public authorities

Providers of feedstock

Planners, advisers, laboratories Mem

ber o

f the

Eur

opea

n B

ioga

s A

ssoc

iatio

n (E

BA

)

German Biogas Association – Objectives

•  German Biogas Association

•  Industrial Emission Directive (IED)

•  Review of the WT-BREF

•  Conclusion

Overview

Industrial Emission Directive (IED) 2010/75/EU

•  Lays down rules on integrated prevention and control of pollution arising from industrial activities (Successor of the IPPC Directive)

•  Prevent or reduce emissions into air, water, land and the generation of waste to achieve a high level of protection of the environment

•  Transposition into national legislation until 7th January 2013

•  Obligation to hold a permit for industrial activities

•  Permit conditions should be set on basis of best available techniques •  e. g. Associated Emission Levels (BAT-AEL)

Capacity threshold for IED activities

•  Maximum capacity to which the installation is limited technically or legally during operation of 24 hours a day.

•  5.3 (a) (i) Disposal of non-hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding

•  50 tonnes per day (biological treatment)

•  5.3 (b) (i) Recovery of non-hazardous waste with a capacity exceeding

•  75 tonnes per day (Biological Treatment in general)

•  100 tonnes per day (Anaerobic Digestion)

Reference Document on Best Available Techniques (BREF) for Waste Treatment (WT) Industries (August 2006)

1  General information 1.2 Installations for the treatment of waste -  Biological treatment of waste -  Physico-chemical treatment of waste waters -  Treatment of combustion ashes and flue-gas cleaning residues -  Treatment of waste contaminated with PCBs -  Treatment of waste oil -  Treatment of waste solvent -  Treatment of waste catalysts, waste from pollution abatement and

other inorganic waste -  Treatment of activated carbon and resins -  Treatment of waste acids and bases -  Treatment of contaminated wood -  Treatment of contaminated refractory ceramics -  Preparation of waste to be used as fuel

WT-BREF (August 2006)

1  General information 2  Applied processes and techniques

2.2 Biological treatment of waste 2.2.1 Anaerobic digestion 2.2.2 Mechanical biological treatments 2.2.3 Biological treatments applied to contaminated soil

3  Current consumption and emission levels 4  Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT 5  Best available techniques 6  Emerging techniques 7  Concluding remarks

•  German Biogas Association

•  Industrial Emission Directive (IED)

•  Review of the WT-BREF

•  Conclusion

Overview

Review WT BREF “Sevilla Process”

•  June 2013: EIPPC Bureau reactivated technical working group (TWG)

•  September 2013: Initial positions of TWG members “wish list”

•  25th – 28th November 2013: TWG-Kick-off meeting, Seville •  scope, definitions, activities, key environmental issues, data collection

•  Set up of TWG subgroups •  to support the development of the questionnaire •  on biological treatment •  on mechanical treatment •  on physico-chemical treatment

Subgroup on biological treatment

•  Coalition of European organisations for biological treatment •  European Compost Network (ECN) •  European Biogas Association (EBA) •  European Federation of Waste Management and Environmental

Services (FEAD) •  Municipal Waste Europe (MWE) •  European Environmental Bureau (EEB)

•  Subgroup members: Coaltion and MS •  AT, BE, ES, DE, DK, FR, IE, IT, NL, PL, UK, SE

•  Text proposals to for EIPPC-Bureau •  BAT Information System (BATIS)

Preliminary survey on IED biological treatment plants

Structure proposal: Biological treatment

Source separated Biowaste & sewage sludge

Bio-Drying Biological

Stabilisation Composting

SRF Energy

Recovery

Landfilling complying

with national stability criteria

Biological Treatment

Composting

Mixed waste

Open/outdoor Composting

Indoor/ Encapsulated Composting 2)

AD

Wet Digestion

Dry Digestion

Application on land according to national and European legislation

Without post composting of digestate

2) or in a combination with indoor/outdoor

Application on land according

to national legislation

Composting: indoor/ Encapsulated alone or combined with outdoor maturation

AD (if used) AD (if used)

Purpose

Composting: indoor/ Encapsulated alone or combined with outdoor maturation

indoor/ Encapsulated

Incineration with energy recovery

Bio-Drying of sewage sludge

AD

With post composting of digestate

without post-composting

Landfilling etc. complying with nat. criteria

Applied processes and techniques (Chapter 2)

•  Purpose

•  Principle of operation

•  Feed and output streams

•  Process description

•  Users

Current consumption and emission levels (Chapter 3)

Anaerobic Digestion

BREF-Questionnaire

•  sent to 568 WT plant across Europe •  66 composting plants •  53 Anaerobic digestion plants •  38 Mechanical-biological treatment plants

•  for collecting plant-specific data for the review of the WT-BREF •  Waste treatment activity: input and output •  Storage and process •  Emission to air and water •  Water, energy and raw material consumption

•  Very complex, no specific questionnaire for different WT activity •  Feedback important for future requirements on key environmental issues

AD technologies

Wet digestion Dry continuous digestion Dry batch digestion < 15 % dm 15 – 30 % dm > 30 % dm

Thermophilic Thermophilic Thermophilic Mesophilic Mesophilic Mesophilic

Techniques to consider (Chapter 4)

•  Description

•  Achieved environmental benefits

•  Cross-media effects

•  Operational data

•  Applicability

•  Economics

•  Driving force for implementation

•  Example plants

•  Reference literature

BAT Conclusions for AD (Chapter 5)

•  Waste acceptance procedures

•  Storage & handling of incoming waste

•  Preparation of wastes for AD process

•  Process monitoring & control specific to AD

•  Emissions to water

•  Emissions to air

•  Measures of energy efficiency and reduction of raw material consumption

•  Product preparation and storage

Further development

•  Data collection until end of October

•  Working document on BREF structure and first draft in autumn 2014 •  On basis of collected data and information

•  Comments on first draft until spring 2015

•  Assessment of need for second draft? •  If needed, estimated for September 2015

•  Final TWG meeting •  Tentatively 1st quarter 2016

•  German Biogas Association

•  Industrial Emission Directive (IED)

•  Review of the WT-BREF

•  Conclusion

Overview

•  Review of WT-BREF can lead to

•  better understanding and establishment of the AD technology

•  higher environmental requirements for biological treatment plants

•  Essential to describe the process and performance well enough

•  Important to participate to draw a realistic picture as

•  member state, industry and NGO to provide adequate information

•  plant operator filling the questionnaire

Conclusion

… and visit us in Bremen on our Annual Biogas Convention and

Trade Fair on 27th – 29th January

• Know-How transfer • International panel on development and emerging countries • Biogas basics • Best practice on waste digestion • Technical plant visit on 30th January