review: next 3 slides
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Topic: Solubility and Table G Do Now: label as soluble and insoluble 1. CH 4 2. AgCl 3. C 12 H 22 O 11 4. NaNO 3 5. KOH. Review: Next 3 slides. Water is often used as a solvent. Not everything dissolves in water. Soluble = dissolves in water = aq Insoluble = doesn’t dissolve in water - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Topic: Solubility and Table G
Do Now: label as soluble and insoluble
1. CH4
2. AgCl
3. C12H22O11
4. NaNO3
5. KOH
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Review: Next 3 slides
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Water is often used as a solvent
• Soluble = dissolves in water = aq• Insoluble = doesn’t dissolve in water• Miscible = 2 liquids that dissolve• Immiscible = 2 liquids that don’t dissolve
Not everything dissolves in water
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How can you tell….?!!!??• Like Dissolve Like
– Water is polar, so most polar compounds will dissolve in water
• Things that dissolve in water– Soluble ionic compounds – use Table F– Acids - start with H except H2O H2O2
• ex HCl
– Bases - metal + OH and NH3 • ex. NaOH
– Polar covalent molecules• Remember polar = asymmetrical = poles
nonpolar = symmetrical = no poles
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Determining if an ionic compound is soluble (aq) or NOT
• LOOK AT TABLE F
– LiOH– Cu(NO3)2 – AgCl2
– MgS– NaS2
– KOH
– aq– aq – Insoluble = s– Insoluble = s– aq– aq
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• Factors that affect the rate a species dissolves– Increasing temperature– stirring (agitation) – Crushing (smaller particle size)
Solubility = the max amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent
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Solubility
• Many solids and gases dissolve in water
• As you increase the temperature, you can dissolve more solid
• Does this work the same with gas?• NOT the same for gases – as you increase temp,
gas molecules KE ? • To get gases dissolve, decrease temperature and
increase pressure
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Summary: Factors Affecting Solubility
• Nature of the solvent and the solute:LIKE DISSOLVES LIKE
• Temperature
• Pressure (for systems with gases)
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Solubility curves show the
relationship between solubility and temperature.
• Can you guess which of these compounds are
gases?! How do you know?!
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Reading a solubility curve!
Table G tells you the max amount of solute you can dissolve in 100 g of
H2O at a given
temperature
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How much H2O is required to just dissolve 100 g NaNO3 at 20C?
89 g
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How much KCl will dissolve in 100g of water at 50C?
Problem:
42 g
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• On the line – saturated (full, cannot hold any more solute
• Below the line – unsaturated (can hold more solute)
• Above the line – supersaturated (holding more solute then it should – very unstable)
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Unsaturated solution
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Saturated Solution
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Supersaturated Solution (this picture is showing the addition of 100 g of
glucose to 100ml of water at 250C) Note: at 250C, only 91g of glucose will dissolve in 100 ml of water
Let’s see what happens