review: cells of the immune system leukocytes – white blood cells myelocytes –macrophage,...
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Review: Cells of the Immune SystemLeukocytes – White blood cells
Myelocytes –macrophage, neutrophil, eosinophil,basophil
Leukocytes – B, T and NK cells
From Larsson and Karlsson (2005)
Review: Cells of the Immune System
Larsson and Karlsson (2005)
Review: Myelocytes
Dendritic cell
Review: Myelocytes•Macrophages – phagocytes, antigen presenting cells (APCs), specialized cells different organs, secrete cytokines, produce complement proteins, can produce ROS/RNS.
•Neutrophils – phagoctyes, can produce ROS/RNS, secrete antimicrobial peptides, 1st cell type to migrate from blood to infections, main targets are bacteria and fungi
•Eosinophils – phagocyte, targets parasites
•Basophils – secrete cytokines, involved in allergic response
Lymphocytes:
T cellsB cells Natural killer cells
Review: Lymphocytes
• B cells – naïve B cells: contain antigen binding receptor (or membrane bound antibody), once activated –
memory cells: provides memory of antigen/antibody interaction; plasma cells: secrete soluble antibody
Review: Lymphocytes
• T cells - contain antigen binding receptor (TCR)TH cells: secretes cytokines that activate B cells, TC cells,
macrophages and others.TC cells: eliminates altered/damaged self cells (particularly
those infected by viruses), fights tumors cells, secrete cytotoxins.Treg cells: helps suppress immune response, plays a role in
tolerance.
Review: Lymphocytes
T reg cell
•Natural killer cells – distinct from T and B cells due to lack of an antigen binding receptor, similar in function to TC cells, macrophage activation, defense against viruses, fight tumor formation, secrete cytotoxins.
Review: Cells of the Immune System
Derived from both lymphoid and myeloid precursors
•Dendritic cells – phagoctyes, antigen presenting cells (APCs), can produce ROS, secrete proinflammatory cytokines, secrete antimicrobial peptides.
Review: Cells of the Immune System
Review: Organs of the Immune SystemPrimary and secondary lymphoid organs:
1°- maturation of lymphocytes
2°- sites where mature lymphocytes interact with antigen.
Level of organization:
collection of cells vs.
lymphoid follicle
Review: Innate and adaptive immunity
Review: Innate Immune Response
Review: Adaptive Immune ResponseAntigen/Antibody interactions:
Antigen – any substance that binds specifically to an antibody or a T cell receptor (TCR).
Antibody- a protein (immunoglobulin) that recognizes a specific region (component) of an antigen.
Properties of immunogenicity:ForeignnessMolecular sizeChemical composition/complexityProcessing/presentationHost factorsDosageRoute of entry
Antibody-Mediated Effector FunctionsOpsonizationAssist/activate complement systemADCC
Humoral and Cellular Immunity
•Cellular immunity – Host defenses that are mediated by antigen-specific T cells and various nonspecific cells of the immune system.
•Humoral immunity – Host defenses that are mediated by antibody present in the plasma, lymph and tissue fluids.
The Complement System
Ricklin and Lambris 2007
The Complement SystemFunctions of the Complement System
The Complement SystemComponents of the Complement System:
proteins and glycoproteinssynthesized mainly by liver5% of serumcirculate as zymogens
Designation of complement components:
numerals (C1-C9)letter symbols (factor D)trivial names (homologous restriction factor)
cleavage products – “a” and “b”
The Complement SystemComplement Activation Pathways:
Classical PathwayAlternative PathwayLectin Pathway