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Running head: IMPACT OF SELF-DISCLOSURE

The Impact of Self-Disclosure

On Undergraduate Students:

Social Penetration Theory

Sara Beth Jones [email protected]

Jennifer Styers [email protected]

Amanda Wright [email protected]

Brittany Harvey [email protected]

Queens University of Charlotte

Submitted on: April 20, 2011

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IMPACT OF SELF-DISCLOSURE 2

Abstract

The number of users signing up for a Facebook account is growing at a rapid rate and has

since it was created in 2004. Starting off by invitation with only Harvard University, Facebook

has spread to 600+ million users worldwide. Founder, Mark Zuckerberg, has created a website

that users have the power to disclose as much or as little information about themselves. Along

with creating a profile and friends’ profiles, there is a blog, twitter, and YouTube account users

can follow to stay more up to date with Facebook. This paper examines the extent to which

college undergraduate users self-disclose personal information on Facebook, along with the

potential benefits and risks users should take in consideration if they are not already. Through

questionnaires, this concept of self-disclosure is examined. The participants will be asked to

share their views on self-disclosure, how much they do it, and if they have witnessed any

positive or negative things happening from self-disclosure.

Jenn please read over this and make sure it is ok

************** WE HAVE 18 PAGES RIGHT NOW.. I HAVE STUFF TO ADD AND I

HAVE TO ADD THE CHARTS JENN JUST MADE TONIGHT…WE’RE PROBABLY

GOING TO GO OVER. PLEASE REREAD YOUR STUFF AND TAKE OUT ANY

NONSENSE TERMS YOU MIGHT HAVE USED AND MAKE IT MORE PROFESSIONAL.

I’LL DO MORE OF THAT IN MY EDITS TOO.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER

I. ______________( the problem? ) Jenn look at the sample and see what this is

IntroductionHistory

Purpose of the Study and Research Questions

Significance of the StudyStructure of the Dissertation

II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Amanda look@the sample and see what this is

Introduction

Fjdksljf Fjdklsjfk

Fdjkslfj

Summary of Literature Review

Research Questions

III. METHODOLOGY Brittany- look at the sample on moodle and see what this is

Introduction

Overview of Research Design

Document Research

IV. RESULTS Jenn- I think she uses stupid jargon for her sample..do you think we

need to?

V. ANALYSIS

VI. CONCLUSION

VII. APPENDICES

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Figure A

VIII. REFERENCES

The Impact of Self-Disclosure On Undergraduate Students:

Social Penetration Theory

Online Social networks such as Facebook are encapsulating undergraduate students

today. Users are constantly updating profiles, posting new statuses, sharing pictures or links, etc.

They are doing this to connect with other users, which are classified as “friends” on Facebook,

and express their personal views and interests via the online virtual world. Step by step they are

self-disclosing personal information to their friends, whether it be conscious or not, and show

other users layers of themselves that may not have been obtained without the help of this online

social network. Levels of maturity differ from each undergraduate student, but upperclassmen

(juniors and seniors) students are expected to use more caution on the social media site. While

underclassmen (freshmen and sophomores) are trying to find themselves in their first two years

of college, make new friends and create meaningful relationships. Upperclassmen are beginning

to worry about how they will enter the job market, or graduate study programs. With this, they

have to air on the side of caution when disclosing personal information on Facebook.

The purpose of this study is to show that upperclassmen are more cautious when posting

a status or picture to their Facebook profile, while underclassmen disclose more personal

information and are not as aware of the image they are portraying or information that they are

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sharing. (DO WE NEED TO ADD MORE TO PURPOSE?/ DO WE INTRODUCE OUR

THEORY HERE?)

Literature Review jenn and Amanda please work this out and make sure you have 10 sources and

appropriate headings for the table of contents for me check up on the headings too

Self-Disclosure on Facebook and Social Penetration Theory

Self-disclosure is defined by Wheeless and Grontz (1976) as “any message about the self

that a person communicates to another” (p. 388). As technology has boomed the invention of

Online Social Networking sites such as Facebook have been created. To date, over 500 million

users are on Facebook (facebook.com/statistics). Facebook has created a portal for users where

they “can present themselves on their individual profiles, make links to other users and

communicate with them” (Gross and Acquisti, 2005). Some Facebook users have presented the

online networking site with more personal information than others, when disclosing information

there is benefits and risk that are associated with the disclosure. Many self-disclosure messages

include personal facts about ourselves that other individuals would not be able to uncover on

their own (Derlega and Berg, 1987).

Self-disclosure on Facebook speeds up the “getting to know you” process. In this way

self-disclosure lends itself to the Social Penetration Theory. Social Penetration Theory was

developed by Altman & Taylor (1987) and defined it as “interpersonal closeness proceeds in a

gradual and orderly fashion from superficial to intimate levels of exchange as a function of

anticipated present and future outcomes.” They also tell in their theory that to achieve deep

social penetration is through self-disclosure. “As a relationship develops participants in the

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relationship have to penetrate deeper and deeper into private and personal matters (Altman &

Taylor, 1987).

There are five stages of penetration: orientation, exploratory, affective, stable, and de-

penetration stage. The first is the Orientation stage or the getting to know you stage, “ this stage

people play it safe with small talk and what in their culture is considered norms of

appropriateness.” The next is the Exploratory affective stage, the start of revealing yourself

Altman and Taylor say that people will start to tell their personal opinions on topics such as

government or education. The theorists do disclaim, however, that what a person may tell might

not be the whole truth. This may be caused because participants want to keep themselves

guarded. This level is where many causal friendships are and will stay.

The third level is the Affective stage where relationships “start to talk about private and

personal matters, critics will claim that this is where kissing and intimate touching will start”

(Altman & Taylor, 1987). The fourth stage is the stable stage Altman and Taylor say that the

relationship has now hit a level where two individuals are comfortable with sharing personal and

private information with one another, “they can also predict what the other will do, say or react

in a situation. The final stage is the De-penetration stage, here the relationship will start to break

down and “individuals feel as if cost exceeds the benefits, if so the they will withdrawal

disclosure and the relationship will end” (Altman & Taylor, 1987).

With these stages, participants in a relationship should make sure that they fully complete

one stage before jumping into another to ensure that each individual feels comfortable (Altman

& Taylor, 1987). If one of the members in the relationship is not comfortable, no progress will

be made. Because each relationship is unique, some relationships on Facebook will never reach

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all five stages. However, users may disclose information that may speed up the process and

make others feel uncomfortable, like Altman and Taylor warned in their research (1987).

Depending on the text that users post on their Facebook profile, the message maybe

interpreted incorrectly. The evaluation of the message is very important when it comes to self

disclosing, like depth and breadth of penetration as mentioned in the social penetration theory

(Altman & Taylor, 1985). There is also depth and breadth in self disclosing on social network

sites Wheeless and Grotz define this as Breadth reflects the amount of disclosed information,

which is a function of the frequency and duration of the disclosures. On the other hand, depth

reflects the degree of intimacy and is also a function of the user’s honesty, accuracy and intent

(Wheeless & Grotz, 1976). Evaluation of the message that users are self-disclosing needs to have

both so the message can be perceived as the user would like it to be.

Benefits of Self-Disclosure

There are many benefits of self-disclosure and many reasons as to why it is necessary.

Given the appropriate type of self-disclosure, it can have many huge benefits which include

increased trust, increased liking, often loving, increased attraction, and increased mental health

(Rosenfled, 1979). With self-disclosure comes an increased trust. When people have someone to

open up to and share their vulnerability, great things can happen because of it. Those disclosing

information with one another can immediately form a trusting bond. It allows them to feel

comfortable around each other and let feelings out that would otherwise be bottled up. Once

increased trust is established, it allows room for increased liking. Trust is a big issue in any kind

of relationship whether it is friendship, family, or romantic. The more trusting a person is, the

more likely others will be to opening up and enabling them to further advance their relationship.

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After liking someone for an extended period of time, the like begins to turn into love. This is

when people really open up to one another, even more than before and allow each other inside

their thoughts and feelings. Without this, people would have to guess what those feelings might

be.

Self-disclosure allows the gain of self-concept, which is vital to human beings

(Rosenfled, 1979). Without self-concept, people will have a misguided understanding of who

they are. If people never develop their own self-concept, it can lead to detrimental repercussions.

According to Rosenfeld, self-concept correlates with a large number of interpersonal variables

that include self-acceptance, feelings of security, and a greater tolerance for a wider range of

behavior from others. Once someone feels accepted by others, they can begin to accept

themselves. When people feel constantly rejected by others, it could encourage negative thoughts

and even lead to thoughts such as depression. Having feelings of security can be very

comforting. It can be extremely helpful for someone to know that they have others who will be

there for moral support. There would be a feeling of emptiness and loss without the security of

friends and loved ones. Self-concept relates to a greater tolerance for a wider range of behavior

from others because learning certain behaviors comes into play. Viewing how people act and

how others react to the actions, allows a person to develop an understanding of how people

behave in certain situations. In such cases, a person can determine whether or not they accept the

behaviors. Observing how others react to a situation can also allow a person to see what

behaviors are accepted or rejected by others so they can make their own decisions of what is

acceptable and what is not. This increase of self-concept allows one to develop much needed

interpersonal relationships.

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These types of self-disclosure methods can be done on a personal level, and even online

through social networking sites such as Facebook. Facebook is available to anyone who has

access to the Internet and is a great way for people to keep in touch and up to date with

relationships both on and offline. It is a way to stay connected with people who have moved

away, who are too busy to meet in person, out of town relatives, and even those who live in

completely different countries. Some people feel more comfortable disclosing personal

information online rather than face to face. According to the Pew Internet & American Life

Project, “over 600 million American adults use the Internet to seek help when making tough

decisions affecting their lives,” (Rogers, Griffin, Wykle, and Fitzpatrick, 2009). I put this in

quotes just in case b/c I did not reword it. Statistics can be copied verbatim without quotes and

just referenced right? Or no? I can’t remember. Disclosing information through online networks

restricts the face to face emotional aspects, allowing people to feel more at ease.

Risks of Self-Disclosure

Being that Facebook is available to anyone, it allows friends, acquaintances, and even

strangers access to the personal information that is displayed on a person’s profile (Christofides,

Muise, Desmarais, 2009). There is a private setting that will prevent people from being able to

look at the profiles that restrict it however, there are still ways around viewing prohibited

profiles. Restricting access to data does not fully protect the data provided. Restricting profile

visibility to “friends only” really only fulfills part of action because as long as users feed the part

of the profile with extensive personal data that is updated continually, their privacy is at risk

(Debatin, Lovejoy, Horn, and Hughes, 2009). Many young adults use social networking sites as a

way to feel more popular, in turn, making them feel better about themselves. People disclose a

wide range of personal information over the Internet including things such as full name, age,

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race, religious practices, addresses, phone numbers, provocative photographs, and so on.

Revealing certain information can cause some serious risks, especially upon entering the work

force. Peluchette and Karl (2007) found that 53% of Facebook profiles had photos related to

alcohol consumption, 50% were profanity laden, and 25% included provocative photos. (I do not

have the article for this or reference, this is what I pulled from our older copy, so you would

know how to cite this one and add it to the reference list.) This kind of content on Facebook

profiles could very well prevent people from getting the job they want. A recent survey reported

that 77% of executive recruiters use social networking sites to look up potential employees and

analyze what kinds of inappropriate information and pictures are posted and available to the

public (Taylor, 2006). (Same goes for this statistic as my above comment.) The executive

recruiters look at the content displayed on people’s Facebook pages to see what kind of people

could potentially be working for their company. There is a universal understanding that once a

part of a company, they represent that company. Employers are not going to hire someone who

will bring negative publicity to the company.

Aside from the risks in relation to the business world, there are personal risks as well. In

a study conducted by Debatin at al, 2009, (sorry I forget how to say that part since I already

named them all out in the first paragraph.) found that Facebook users accept “friends” that they

have only heard of through others or do not know at all and therefore, most of them have access

to widely uploaded information such as full names, birthdays, hometowns, and many pictures.

Also in this day and age the use of Smartphones is becoming increasingly popular. Anyone who

uses the Facebook application on their Smartphone can automatically sync all of their Facebook

“friends” phone numbers directly into their contacts. This meaning that anyone who has their

phone number listed in their profile on Facebook is granting permission for others to have it.

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Self-disclosure online poses another risk. No nonverbal clues can be picked up to go along with

the information being presented. It also does not allow the tone of voice to be heard. This could

lead to problems in communication where messages can easily be misinterpreted. Mixed signals

and feelings can be taken away from such situations and unintended arguments or confusion can

occur.

References

Rosenfeld, L. B. (1979). SELF-DISCLOSURE AVOIDANCE: WHY AM I AFRAID TO TELL

YOU WHO I AM. Communication Monographs, 46(1), 63. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Christofides, E., Muise, A., & Desmarais, S. (2009). Information Disclosure and Control on

Facebook: Are They Two Sides of the Same Coin or Two Different Processes?.

CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(3), 341-345. doi:10.1089/cpb.2008.0226

Rogers, V. L., Griffin, M., Wykle, M. L., & Fitzpatrick, J. J. (2009). Internet versus Face-to-Face

Therapy: Emotional Self-Disclosure Issues for Young Adults. Issues in Mental Health Nursing,

30(10), 596-602. doi:10.1080/01612840903003520

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Debatin, B., Lovejoy, J. P., Horn, A., & Hughes, B. N. (2009). Facebook and online privacy:

Attitudes, behaviors, and unintended consequences. Journal of Computer-Mediated

Communication, 15(1), 83-108. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01494.x

+ The two that you add from your list from our rough copY

Methodology

Brittany – here’s what i see at a glance (I’ll look more at it tomorrow)

-don’t say we use third person; use past tense; use questionnaire not survey

-see if survey design can be more specific

-check up with Nathaniel to make sure our hypothesis/variables/etc are right

Survey Objective

With this survey we hope to explore to what extent do users of different generations self-disclose

information on Facebook. When it comes to coming in contact with a stranger, are people more

comfortable in presenting more information about themselves due to the consideration of not

actually having any intentions of ever meeting?

Participants and Procedures

In order to retain the information needed to figure out how often Facebook users hand out

personal information, a survey was handed out. After the researchers put together multiple

questions that pertained to the topic of interest, each person was given a handful of surveys. The

surveys were passed to individuals around the campus. Participants filled surveys out with

understanding as to why they were being asked too. After collecting all the surveys, the finished

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data was collected and counted. After the counting was complete, each question was put into

graph form to visually show what the final similarities and differences where.

Variables

Predictor variable – Different users self-disclosing personal information -> using online

networking via Facebook

Outcome variable – to strangers only with the purpose of never meeting, meeting new people and

being exposed to others personal information

Questions

RQ1: Do you have a Facebook?

RQ2: How many times do you log into your Facebook?

RQ3: Is your Facebook public?

RQ4: Approximately how many Facebook friends do you have?

RQ5: Approximately what percentage of your Facebook friends do you know on a personal

level?

RQ6: How many of these Facebook friends would you feel safe disclosing information to?

RQ7: Is your relationship status visible on your Facebook profile?

RQ8: If yes, is this status true?

RQ9: Do you think some users self-disclose too much person information?

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RQ10: Do you use precaution when posting pictures, videos, comments, status updates, links,

etc.?

RQ11: What would you talk about on Facebook?

RQ12: What type of pictures do you have on Facebook?

Hypothesis

Facebook, to the younger users, is more of a gateway to meeting more friends and as a form of

entertainment to keep up to date with everything that is happening in their “world.” Users are

more likely to use precaution when it comes to posting personal information on Facebook.

H1: The closer to graduation, more precaution is used and personal information is self disclosed.

H2: The older the users the smarter they are about providing less information.

Survey Design

Volunteers of the study were asked to circle one of the provided school years in order to have

information on what year the participants were in but are not being identified as an individual.

The first four questions were about the demographics of the participant. These include what

gender, undergraduate status, academic year, and the amount of extracurricular activities he or

she were involved in.

The rest of the questions were directed to the Facebook users about information that refered to

their accounts. Questions such as how many times a day do you log into your account and how

often was your information updated was based on a daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly scale.

Facebook was designed for everyone to connect with old friends or make new ones. When

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making new friends on the internet, it is important to know what personal information is being

displayed for them to see. Questions such as to whether or not the Facebook account in private,

estimate the total amount of friends you have, and how many of the friends that you have do you

actually know were asked. Participants were given a ranged number scale and were instructed to

circle the estimated amount they felt was close enough to the amount of people they are friend

with on Facebook.

The final few questions on the survey pertained to what the Facebook users had posted on their

accounts. These questions of what would you have talked about on Facebook and what types of

pictures were uploaded on Facebook included a list of items that may have pertained to the

participant. They were asked to circle as many of the listed choices that they felt most applied to

them and their accounts. At the end of the survey, room was left for the individuals to fill in any

questions or comments they felt were necessary for the researchers to know and include in their

final data.

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Findings

Data was grouped by class (upperclassmen and underclassmen) in order to assess any

differences. It was then categorized into what they would talk about on Facebook and the types

of pictures that they added to their profile. Throughout the various groups, a reoccurring theme

showed that the participants of the questionnaire were more likely to post positive things

happening in their life as opposed to negative things. This did not vary according to class level or

gender.

When answering questions regarding precaution used when posting pictures, videos,

comments, status updates, and links, 66% of upper class participants noted that they always use

precaution. In comparison, 74% of underclass participants noted that they always use

precaution. Only 12% of upperclassmen mostly used precaution, while 21% of underclassmen

mostly used precaution. Only 3% of upperclassmen sometimes used precaution, while 6% of

underclassmen sometimes used precaution. No participants noted that they never used

precaution.

The other portion of the survey included questions pertaining to specific things or

activities that participants would post and talk about on Facebook. Out of the 41 upperclassmen

who completed the survey, 35 said they would post things positive in their life, 31 would talk

about school and work, 20 would talk about having a bad day, 17 would talk about getting good

grades, 2 would discuss family issues, 1 would discuss troubles with the law, and 1 would post

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personal information about a friend. In comparison, Out of the 34 upperclassmen who

completed the survey, 30 said they would post things positive in their life, 27 would talk about

school and work, 16 would talk about having a bad day, 17 would talk about getting good grades,

none would discuss family issues, none would discuss troubles with the law, and none would

post personal information about a friend. (VIEW IN APPENDIX-HELP WITH SAYING THIS)

For what types of pictures the participants have posted, 38 upperclassmen and 34

underclassmen posted pictures with friends, 32 upperclassmen and 33 underclassmen posted

pictures with family, 15 upperclassmen and 13 underclassmen posted pictures with alcohol, and

7 upperclassmen and 8 underclassmen posted pictures of their place of residence. These results

were similar compared to classes, which was not complementary to the hypothesis. The

researchers hypothesized that upperclassmen would not disclose as much personal information or

pictures on Facebook as compared to the underclassmen.

The traditional undergraduate participants had similar results, but the results from

students in the Hayworth College for Adult Undergraduate Students at Queens University of

Charlottes were very different. Only two Hayworth College students participated in the

questionnaire, and were both seniors. They both believed that some users disclose too much

personal information. Likewise, these two participants had very minimal areas selected on the

questionnaire about information and pictures disclosed. One applicant would not post any of the

options listed on the questionnaire, and would only post pictures of family, holidays, and

vacations on Facebook. The other applicant selected the “positive things in your life” section on

information disclosed on Facebook, and would post pictures of family, friends, and work related.

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-comments Upperclassmen-Ask people if they have changed their name or not?

-Having to block people on Facebook

-People put too much unnecessary information on Facebook.

Underclassmen

-If mother would approve I will post.

-Twitter is better

-Phone numbers will transfer to smart phones if on facebook profile.

-People talk about their sexual practices on Facebook.

-Some people tell all their activities of the day on the Facebook.

*****To all 3 of you

I’m going to finish up my additions to these sections and am going to be sending it out to you

tomorrow. Please look at what I’ve done because this is a big section of the paper. If there are

things I need to add or take out or fix please let me know!!!!!

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Discussion

Overall, the findings suggest most college students are aware of what information they

disclose on Facebook. The data did not support the hypothesis that as students get closer to

graduation, (upperclassmen) the amount of disclosed information on Facebook would decrease.

Rather, there was not much difference between the upperclassmen and underclassmen in terms of

what was disclosed. In terms of the types of information that was disclosed, both groups did

report that they would be more likely to disclose information about positive things and activities

in their lives rather than reporting the negatives. The Hayworth College participants were the

most cautious when posting information and pictures on Facebook.

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Conclusion

(In this section, you should draw conclusions and have a discussion regarding the

implications of your findings in the context of the theoretical framework.

Include the limitations of your study as well as suggestions for future research.)

According to the results from the self-disclosure questionnaire at Queens University of

Charlotte, upperclassmen and underclassmen disclose similar amounts of personal information

and pictures on Facebook. This data does not support the hypothesis set by the researchers. The

Hayworth College participants selected the least amount of categories one would self-disclose

information or pictures about on Facebook. This supports the hypothesis that as the student’s

graduation date comes nearer, the amount of information disclosed on Facebook decreases.

There were several limitations to the research study. One is that there were not equal groups

of upperclassmen, underclassmen, and Hayworth College students. Another limitation includes

the actual sample size. Having more than 75 questionnaires completed would help gather more

diverse information. Since this was an anonymous survey, the validity of the results is in

question as well. There is no way to know for sure whether the participants are giving accurate

answers to the questions. Some Facebook users may not be aware and consciously thinking

about their updates on Facebook because it comes as a second nature. Information can easily be

shared, without the user really thinking about how many “friends” on Facebook can view the

updates.

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The clarity of the questionnaire also caused some concern because some participants did not

understand what a public profile or updating your profile meant. For future research, the

questionnaire would have to be more specific and not as generalized in order to increase clarity.

It would be helpful to get input from recent graduates as to see what information they did and did

not disclose as well. In general, a larger sample size may have given us significant differences

between the two groups of students as well. It would also be helpful to include more specific

questions to the questionnaire as well. This includes questions about parental involvement with

Facebook.

-results and findings will never be constant with social profiles

- more females..more girls at this school

-needed more Hayworth students

-would add a question about parents having facebook and if that makes the user not want to be

on fb or if it makes the user watch what they say

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APPENDIX A

Sample Questionnaire

Queens University of Charlotte

Communication Research Survey

Self-disclosure via Facebook

As undergraduate students in the Knight School of Communication at Queens University

of Charlotte, we are conducting a questionnaire to better understand self-disclosure on the social

network site, Facebook.

As part of an ongoing interest in research on social networks, you have been selected to

participate in The Self-disclosure Survey. The purpose of this study is to assess Queens’undergraduate students’ levels of self -disclosure through Facebook.

Your participation will involve the voluntary completion of a questionnaire. The

questionnaire will take approximately 10 – 15 minutes to complete. It contains questions about

your Facebook activity as well as your observation of friends’ activity.

You should complete this questionnaire only once. If you are a member of several

classes or groups who are asked to complete this questionnaire, do not complete the

questionnaire a second time. Your responses will be completed anonymous, since there is no

way to link the responses from completed questionnaires with any particular respondent. It is

anticipated that your participation in completing this survey will be an interesting experience that

will contribute to understanding more about self-disclosure through the channel of Facebook.

The content of some of the items on the questionnaire may raise your level of awareness of

certain feelings; otherwise, there are no expected risks or benefits associated with your

participation. You may choose to withdraw your participation at any time; however, the return of

your completed questionnaire will be considered as your consent to participate in this survey.

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Please answer all questions on the survey as directed.

Thank you for taking the time to complete this questionnaire.

Instructions: Please select one answer about yourself below.

1. Gender: Male / Female

2. Undergraduate status: Traditional / Hayworth

3.

Academic year : Freshman Sophomore Junior Senior

4. How many extracurricular activities are you involved in?

0 – 2 2 – 3 4 – 5 5+

5. Do you have a Facebook account? Yes / No

6. How often do you log in to your account?

Hourly Daily Weekly Monthly

7. How often do you update your Facebook account?

Hourly Daily Weekly Monthly

8. Do you receive notifications to your cellular device? Yes / No

9. Is your Facebook profile public? Yes / No

10. Approximately how many friends do you have on Facebook?

0 –

200 200 –

500 500 –

1000 1000+

11. What percentage of your Facebook friends do you know on a personal level?

Few Some Most All

12. How many of these friends would you feel safe disclosing personal information to?

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Few Some Most All

13. Is your relationship status visible on your Facebook profile? Yes / No

14. If yes, is this status true? Yes / No

15. Do you think some users disclose too much personal information? Yes / No

16. Do you use precaution when posting pictures, videos, comments, status updates,

links, etc.?

Sometimes Mostly Always Never

Instructions: Please select all answers that apply to you.

1. Would you talk about ____________ on Facebook?

a. Getting a new car g. Family Issues

b. Having a bad day h. Positive things in your life

c. Getting a good grade i. Trouble with the law

d. Feeling hungover j. Personal information about a friend

e. Relationship problem k. Gifts from friends

f. Coach / teacher l. School / work

2. What types of pictures do you have on Facebook?

a. Alcohol g. Work Related

b. Family h. Residency

c. Friends i. Car

d. Sports j. Vacation

e. Holidays k. Religious Practices

f. Pets i. Other __________________

Thank you for taking the time to answer these questions. The items in the survey may havemissed a number of issues about disclosure on Facebook to consider. If you would like to offer

your own suggestions on self-disclosure via Facebook please use the space below.

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

ADD:

Bar graphs, pie graphs, questionnaire (what is the difference for this and methodology

questionnaire)

References

Facebook Statistics

Wheeless and Gronts

Gross and Aquasiti

Altman and Taylor

Derlega and Berg

Altman, I., & Taylor, D. (1987). Communication in interpersonal relationships: Social

Penetration Theory. In M. E. Roloff and G. R. Miller (Eds.), Interpersonal processes: New

directions in communication research, 257-277. Newbury Park, CA: Sage

results[1][1]

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