respiratory systems · voluntary respiration •emotional and stressful situation hypothalamus take...
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Respiratory Systems
Function of Respiratory Systems
• Oxygen supply to each cell of the body
• Excrete co2 from body
• Maintain PH of the blood
• Also contribute state of consciousness, awareness and attention
Two type of respiration
• Internal respiration – Gases exchange between blood and tissue
• External respiration – Gases exchange between blood and environment
Body parts of Respiratory systems
Nasal cavity – nasal mucosa act as air filter
PHARYNX
Passage that seprat esophagus and larynx
LARYNX
Epiglottis prevent foot to entering into air passage
Vocal cord
Trachea
Primary Bronchi
Divide in to right and left
Secondary Bronchi
Tertiary Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Regulation of Respiratory system • Respiratory center in mid brain ( Pons and
Medulla
Medulla Oblongata
• Primary respiratory control center
• Send signals to respiratory muscles to contract
• Two regions
• A) Ventral respiratory group – expiratory movement
• B) Dorsal respiratory group – inspiratory movement
• Also control reflexes- coughing, sneezing, swelling and vomiting etc
The Pons
• It control speed of respiration by two center
• Apnestic Pnuemotaxic
Long and deep Inhibit respiration respiration
Voluntary respiration
• From Cerebral cortex ( Motor cortex)
• Control respiration through ascending respiratory pathway
Voluntary respiration
• Emotional and stressful situation Hypothalamus take over the respiratory signals and increase the respiratory rate to facilitate the fight and flight situations .
Chemoreceptor
• Chemical sensors in the body
• In respiration central chemoreceptor's are useful.
• That are placed in medulla oblongata.
• If CO2 increased in blood causes decreased in PH
• Normal PH of blood is 7.35
RESPIRATORY VOLUME
• Tidal volume ( TV) – It is the amount of air that can be inhale or exhale during one respiratory cycle.
• Inspiratory reserve volume( IRV) –It is the amount of air that can be forcibly inhale after the normal tidal volume.
• Expiratory reserve ( ER)- It is the amount of air that can be forcibly exhale after exhalation of normal tidal volume.
• Residual volume(R V) – It is the volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation. 1 litr
Importance of Pranayam
• Recycle residual volume
• Increased functional residual capacity
• Increased total lung capacity
• Meditation
• Emotional effects
Effects of asana
• Effects of back bending , twisting on lung capacity( increase AP and vertical diameter)
• Effect of forward bend on lungs function
Increase chest diameter(AP) maximum time maximum benefits
Increase chest diameter(vertical and transverse)
maximum time maximum benefits