respiratory effects of pesticide exposure pesticide health effects medical education database...
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Respiratory Effects of Pesticide Exposure
Pesticide Health Effects Medical Education Database (PHEMED)
Acute Symptoms
• Upper respiratory irritation – Rhinitis – Scratchy throat – Cough
• Sneezing• Runny nose• Pulmonary edema• Pulmonary consolidation • Dyspnea
Upper Respiratory Irritation
• Naphthalene • Paraquat • Chloropicrin • Acrolein • Dichloropropene • Ethylene dibromide
• Sulfur dioxide• Sulfuryl fluoride • Acrylonitrile • Formaldehyde • Cadmium dusts • ANTU
Sneezing & Runny Nose
• Sneezing - Sabadilla
• Runny nose – Pyrethrins – Inorganic arsenicals – Organophosphates insecticides – Carbamate insecticides
Pulmonary Edema
• Methyl bromide• Phosphine • Phosphorus • Phosphine • Ethylene oxide • Ethylene dibromide • Acrolein
• Pyrethiods • Sulfur dioxide • Cationic detergents • Creosote • Methylisothiocyanate • Cadmium
Many chemicals come with a hydrocarbon vehicle, Many chemicals come with a hydrocarbon vehicle, well known to cause pulmonary edemawell known to cause pulmonary edema
Pulmonary Consolidation
• Paraquat - fibrosis
• Cadmium dusts
• Methyl bromide
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Dyspnea
• Nicotine • Paraquat • ANTU • Cadmium dusts• Cyanamide
• Sulfuryl fluoride• Pentachlorophenol • Methyl bromide • Sulfur dioxide • Chloropicrin
Other Respiratory Problems
• Only a few pesticides are ‘sensitizers’ causing allergic reactions along with OTHER triggers– dusts, pollens, animals, diesel, molds, grains, hay, disinfectants
• Organophosphates and carbamates inhibit cholinesterase resulting in – Constriction of the bronchial tubes– Increased secretions– Difficulty in breathing
Chronic Respiratory Problems
• Insecticide related wheezing with*: – parathion (NR) – Chlorpyriphos (Lorsban/Dursban)– malathion (MAXIDE)
• Herbicide related wheezing with*: – paraquat– Atrazine (Shotgun…95 labels)– Alachlor (Lasso)– chlorimuron ethyl (NR) – EPTC (EPTAM, ERADICANE)
*Source: Hoppin JA et al (2006). Pesticides and Adult Respiratory Outcomes in the Agricultural Health Study. Ann. New York Academy of Sciences. 1076:343-354.
Chronic Bronchitis in Farm Women and Pesticides
Insecticides• Dichlorvos • DDT
Herbicides• Cyanazine
• Paraquat
Fumigant• methyl bromide
Source: Valcin M, et al. Chronic bronchitis among nonsmoking farm women in the agricultural health study. J Occup Environ Med. 2007 May;49(5):574-83.
Controlling for:
• Smoking
• 2nd hand smoke
• Asthma
• Usual suspects: dust, solvents, manure
Controlling for:
• Smoking
• 2nd hand smoke
• Asthma
• Usual suspects: dust, solvents, manure