Abatement To Reduce Children's Blood Lead Levels", Environ. Res. 1999, 81 (4), 334-338)

Methods Bioaccumulation tests. This study examines the potential value of in­cluding bioaccumulation parameters in whole-effluent assessments and concludes that screening for the presence of potentially bioaccumu-lating compounds leads to a more comprehensive hazard assessment. (De Maagd, P. G.-J., "Bioaccumula­tion Tests Applied in Whole Effluent Assessment: A Review", Environ. Tox­icol. Chem. 2000 19 (1) 25-35)

Mercury

Mercury in incinerators. Two large-scale municipal solid waste incinera­tors located in Taiwan were selected for conducting flue gas sampling to determine the chemical speciation of mercury by both U.S. EPA Method 29 and Ontario Hydro Method. (Chang, M. B., et al. "Evaluation on Speciation and Removal Efficiencies of Mercury from Municipal Solid Waste Incinera­tors in Taiwan", Sci. Total Environ. 2000 246 (2-3), 165-173)

Risk Assessment Assessing hazards. Comparisons to field conditions indicate that WET tests are not reliable predictors of ef­fects or lack of effects in the receiving environment. As only the first stage in a risk assessment, WET tests identify the hazard, not the risk. (Chapman, R M. "Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing-Usefulness, Level of Protection, and Risk Assessment", Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2000,19 (1), 3-13)

Sediments Marine sediments. Depositional conditions of sediment pore water and specific features of its release due to the compaction of marine sediments are examined in this study. (Dzhamalov, R. G.; Safronova,

T. I. "Contribution of Waters From Seafloor Sediments to the Salt and Water Budget of Oceans", Water Re-sour. 1999, 26 (6), 647-650)

Technology Chemical imaging. Chemical imag­ing, a new analytical science related to a combination of spatial and chemical resolutions, is shown to have consid­erable potential in environmental ap­plications and can provide detailed, unique information regarding particu­late materials. (Fisher, M., et al. "Chemical Imaging for PAH Analysis in Particulate Materials", Int. J. Envi­ron. Anal. Chem. 1999, 74 (1-4), 9-24)

Combustion diagnostics. This re­view presents various laser spectro­scopic techniques that have shown great potential for combustion diag­nostics, including laser-induced flu­orescence, LIF, coherent antistokes Raman scattering, CARS, and polar­ization spectroscopy. (Alden, M., "Laser Spectroscopic Techniques for Combustion Diagnostics", Combust. Sci. Technol. 1999 149 (1-6), 1-18)

Hazardous waste treatments. This review discusses the performance of five innovative technologies that were demonstrated on a full-scale commercial basis: ecological gas-phase chemical reaction; GTS Du-ratek Electric joule-heated glass melter; molten metals catalytic; Re-tech plasma-arc centrifugal treat­ment; and GTS Duratek steam-re­forming process. (Cudahy, J. J. "Review of Commercial Innovative Technologies for Hazardous Waste", Environ. Prog. 1999 18 (4), 285-292)

Toxicity Aquatic plants. This review focuses on algae for phytotoxicity studies, vascular plants for phytotoxicity studies, duckweed, rooted species, seedling growth and germination, and applications. (Mohan, B. S.; Ho-setti, B. B. "Aquatic Plants for Toxic­ity Assessment", Environ. Res. 1999, 81 (4), 259-274)

PAH solubilization. This research considers highly toxic and regulated constituents of weathered crude oil, namely the three- and four-ring ar-omatics and the methyl-substituted derivatives. (Page, C. A., et al. "Bio-surfactant Solubilization of PAHs", Environ. Eng. Sci. 1999,26 (6), 465-474)

Water Quality Coliform tests. This brief review discusses our current understand­ing of where and when it is appro­priate to use coliform indicator as­says and the meaning of the results. (Archibald, F. "The Presence of Col­iform Bacteria in Canadian Pulp and Paper Mill Water Systems—A Cause for Concern?" Water Qual. Res. J. Can. 2000, 35 (1), 1-22)

Hydrocarbons mobilization. The principal mechanisms leading to the occurrence of polycyclic aro­matic hydrocarbons in water mains lined with coal tar were investigated. (Maier, M., et al. "Factors Influencing the Mobilization of Polycyclic Aro­matic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) From the Coal-Tar Lining of Water Mains", Water Res. 2000, 34 (3), 773-786)

Toxicity of landfill leachate Groundwater contaminated with landfill leachate contains a complex chemical mixture that may cause severe biological effects—at unlined landfills, the compounds may leach directly to the groundwater, posing serious risks for ecosystems and human health. A. Baun and co-work­ers studied the toxicity of organic chemical pollution in groundwater downgradient of a landfill in Grind-sted, Denmark. On the basis of bio-test results that used algae and lumi­nescent bacteria it was concluded that solid-phase extraction extracts of groundwater collected close to the landfill were toxic Toxicity de­creased with the distance from the landfill Overall findings indicate that a battery of biotests annlied on pre-

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2 2 8 A • MAY 1, 2000 / ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / NEWS