research group fluidized bed systems and refinery technology · fluidized bed systems and refinery...
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Institute of Chemical Engineering page 1
Chemical Process Engineering
Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology
Research Group Fluidized Bed Systems and Refinery Technology
Contact: [email protected]
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 2
Chemical Process Engineering
Bio-FCC
Bio-FCC
Catalytic Cracking of vegetable and pyrolysis oils to hydrocarbons in a continuous FCC-pilot plant
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 3
Chemical Process Engineering
Importance of Biofuels
Mid and long term: Limited supply of crude oil
CO2-accumulation in the atmosphere due to open carbon cycles
Immediately (short term): Autarky efforts of European Union
EU-directive 2009/28: Blending of conventional fuels with up to 10% biofuels by 2020
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 4
Chemical Process Engineering
Historic Development
Cracking of petroleum hydrocarbons was originally done by thermal cracking
Due to the production of more gasoline with a higher octane rating thermal cracking was replaced by catalytic cracking
Most important conversion process used in petroleum refineries
Conversion of high boiling hydrocarbon fractions of petroleum crude oils to more valuable gasoline, olefinic gases and other products
Adaption of the FCC-process for the use of vegetable- and pyrolysis-oils
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 5
Chemical Process Engineering
FCC Pilot Plant
heating system
inert gas N2
dry pressured air
regenerator zone
siphon
feed inlet zone
return flow tube
particle separator
riser
inert gas N2
flue gas
product gas
oil- feed
preheating oven
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 6
Chemical Process Engineering
Advanced FCC Pilot Plant
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 7
Chemical Process Engineering
Improvements
Improvements
Thermal decoupling by the implementation of a catalyst cooler
Enlargement of the regenerator diameter Adjustability of the catalyst – oil ratio Catalyst sampling during operation
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 8
Chemical Process Engineering
Products
Crack gas
Gasoline
LCO +
Residue
Water
Coke
Feed
FBPlg
mmmK 215, =+
=
Conversion
Gas Fraction Gas Chromatography
C1 - C4
Liquid Fraction
Gas Chromatography
(SimDist)
Gasoline (FBP 215°C)
LCO (215°C - 350°C) + Residue (IBP 350°C)
Water (IBP 100°C) (add. Bio Oil to VGO)
Solid Fraction Coke (polyaromates)
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 9
Chemical Process Engineering
Productspectrum
Water
Coke
LCO+ResidueGas
GasolineTotal Fuel Yield
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
VGOPalmitic
acid Oleic acid Palm oilRapeseed
oil Soybeanoil Waste
VegetableOil
0 13 13
11 11
10 14
6 4 6 6 6 6 8
15
5 12 14 18 21
18
38 44
25 27 23
21 19
41 34
44 40 41 40 41
79 78
69 67 63
61 60
Amou
nt m
%
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 10
Chemical Process Engineering
Typical Gasoline Fraction
Naphtenes 11%
i-Paraffins 16%
n-Paraffins 3%
Cyclo Olefins 4%
i-Olefins 5%
n-Olefins 3%
Aromatics 57%
RON: 104,4 MON: 91,7
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 11
Chemical Process Engineering
Typical Gas Fraction
Methane 4% Ethane 2%
Ethene 7%
Propane 4%
Propene 42% Isobutane 7%
1-butene 17%
n-butane 2%
trans-2-butene 9% cis-2-butene 6%
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 12
Chemical Process Engineering
Further Research
Further Research
Reactor design Process design / modeling Process optimization
Alternative feeds (liquid / solid) Catalyst tests Plant optimization
Institute of Chemical Engineering page 13
Chemical Process Engineering
Contact
For further information please contact:
Ass.Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn. Alexander REICHHOLD Email: [email protected] Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 302
DI Josef FIMBERGER Email: [email protected] Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 328 DI Matthias SWOBODA Email: [email protected] Tel.: +43 1 58801 166 327 FAX: +43 1 58801 166 99 Web: http://www.vt.tuwien.ac.at