reported speech. direct vs. indirect speech ies nuestra seÑora de la cabeza teacher: marta benÍtez...

REPORTED SPEECH

DIRECT VS. INDIRECT SPEECH

IES NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA CABEZATEACHER: MARTA BENÍTEZ

* DIRECT SPEECH: The exact words that someone said. (We use quotations marks or speech bubbles)

* INDIRECT/REPORTED SPEECH: The exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words.

Example


DIRECT SPEECH: Exact words

Mum said to Ben: ‘Don’t worry, Ben. The dentist will be painless’

REPORTED SPEECH: Exact meaning

Mum told Ben not to worry. She said that the destist would be painless.

1) REPORTED STATEMENTS

When we tell people what somebody said or thought, we often use reported speech.

REPORTING VERBS: SAY and TELL.

- TELL Followed by a personal object. (She told me…)

- SAY With or without a personal object. When used with a personal object, it is followed by ‘to’ (She said toto me…)


WHEN WE USE REPORTED SPEECH WE HAVE TO PAY

ATTENTION TO:

PRONOUNS AND POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES

TIME WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

PLACE REFERENCES

DEMONSTRATIVES

VERB TENSES

- (When the reporting verb is in the past)

- (No changes when we express a general truth)IES NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA CABEZATEACHER: MARTA BENÍTEZ

REPORTED STATEMENTS

Direct speechDirect speech Reported speechReported speech

-She said: ‘I can’t drive’She said: ‘I can’t drive’-He said: ‘I have worked hard’He said: ‘I have worked hard’-Mum said: ‘I will never work’Mum said: ‘I will never work’-Peter said to Mary: ‘I love Peter said to Mary: ‘I love you’you’-She told me: ‘I am tired’She told me: ‘I am tired’-My father told me: ‘It’s My father told me: ‘It’s raining’raining’-Kate told Ana: ‘I like your Kate told Ana: ‘I like your skirt’skirt’-He told the teacher: ‘I feel He told the teacher: ‘I feel sick’sick’

??


REPORTED STATEMENTS

Direct speechDirect speech Reported speechReported speech

-She said: ‘I can’t drive’She said: ‘I can’t drive’-He said: ‘I have worked hard’He said: ‘I have worked hard’-Mum said: ‘I will never work’Mum said: ‘I will never work’-Peter said to Mary: ‘I love you’Peter said to Mary: ‘I love you’-She told me: ‘I am tired’She told me: ‘I am tired’-My father told me: ‘It’s raining’My father told me: ‘It’s raining’-Kate told Ana: ‘I like your skirt’Kate told Ana: ‘I like your skirt’-He told the teacher: ‘I feel sick’He told the teacher: ‘I feel sick’

-She said (that) she couldn’t drive.She said (that) she couldn’t drive.-He said (that) he had worked hard.He said (that) he had worked hard.-Mum said (that) she would never Mum said (that) she would never work.work.-Peter said to Mary (that) he loved Peter said to Mary (that) he loved her.her.-She told me (that) she was tired.She told me (that) she was tired.-My father told me (that) it was My father told me (that) it was raining.raining.-Kate told Ana (that) she liked her Kate told Ana (that) she liked her skirt.skirt.-He told the teacher (that) he felt He told the teacher (that) he felt sick.sick.


* Report what the Jones family said when they came home from their holiday.


2) REPORTED QUESTIONSExamples:

• DIRECT SPEECHDIRECT SPEECH::

1. She asked: ‘Where does my sister go?’

2. He asked: ‘Is it raining?’

• REPORTED SPEECHREPORTED SPEECH::

1. She asked where her sister went.

2. He asked if/whether it was raining.


REPORTED QUESTIONSWe use affirmative word order

(No inversion, no auxiliary verbs)

The question mark is omitted.

Reporting verbs:

ASK, WONDER, ENQUIRE,

WANT TO KNOW…

WH-QUESTIONS We use question wordquestion word

YES/NO QUESTIONS We use if/whetherif/whether


REPORTED QUESTIONSDirect speechDirect speech Reported speechReported speech

-He asked me: ‘How old are you?’He asked me: ‘How old are you?’-She asked: ‘Where is he?’She asked: ‘Where is he?’-Peter asked: ‘What is this?’Peter asked: ‘What is this?’-She asked: ‘What time do the She asked: ‘What time do the shops open?shops open?-He asked her: ‘Did you find the He asked her: ‘Did you find the key?’key?’-She asked: ‘Is there a park here?’She asked: ‘Is there a park here?’-Dad asked my brother: ‘Have you Dad asked my brother: ‘Have you finished your homework?’finished your homework?’-The teacher asked the students: The teacher asked the students: ‘Are you happy with this exam?’‘Are you happy with this exam?’

??


REPORTED QUESTIONSDirect speechDirect speech Reported speechReported speech

-He asked me: ‘How old are you?’He asked me: ‘How old are you?’-She asked: ‘Where is he?’She asked: ‘Where is he?’-Peter asked: ‘What is this?’Peter asked: ‘What is this?’-She asked: ‘What time do the She asked: ‘What time do the shops open?shops open?-He asked her: ‘Did you find the He asked her: ‘Did you find the key?’key?’-She asked: ‘Is there a park here?’She asked: ‘Is there a park here?’-Dad asked my brother: ‘Have you Dad asked my brother: ‘Have you finished your homework?’finished your homework?’-The teacher asked the students: The teacher asked the students: ‘Are you happy with this exam?’‘Are you happy with this exam?’

-He asked me how old I wasHe asked me how old I was-She wanted to know where he She wanted to know where he waswas-Peter asked what that wasPeter asked what that was-She asked what time the shops She asked what time the shops opened.opened.-He asked her if she had found He asked her if she had found the keythe key-She asked if there was a park She asked if there was a park therethere-Dad asked my brother whether Dad asked my brother whether he had finished his homeworkhe had finished his homework-The teacher asked the students if The teacher asked the students if they were happy with that examthey were happy with that exam


* Report the tourists’ questions to the tour guide.


REPORTED COMMANDS/ORDERS

He said: ‘Close the door, please’

He asked me to close the door.

The teacher said: ‘Don’t open the books’

The teacher told the students not to open the books.

REPORTING VERBS: TELL, ORDER, ASK



Direct speechDirect speech Reported speechReported speech-He said to me: ‘Go to your room, He said to me: ‘Go to your room, please’please’-She said: ‘Don’t ask me this now’She said: ‘Don’t ask me this now’-Peter said to me: ‘Give me the Peter said to me: ‘Give me the money’money’-Mary said to her sister: ‘Don’t touch Mary said to her sister: ‘Don’t touch my clothes’my clothes’-He said: ‘Take my bag to the He said: ‘Take my bag to the station’station’-The secretary told me: ‘Write your The secretary told me: ‘Write your name here’name here’-The teacher ordered: ‘Don’t move The teacher ordered: ‘Don’t move these tables’.these tables’.-He said: ‘Could you please open this He said: ‘Could you please open this door?’door?’

??



Direct speechDirect speech Reported speechReported speech-He said to me: ‘Go to your room, He said to me: ‘Go to your room, please’please’-She said: ‘Don’t ask me this now’She said: ‘Don’t ask me this now’-Peter said: ‘Give me the money’Peter said: ‘Give me the money’-Mary said to her sister: ‘Don’t touch Mary said to her sister: ‘Don’t touch my clothes’my clothes’-He said: ‘Take my bag to the station’He said: ‘Take my bag to the station’-The secretary told me: ‘Write your The secretary told me: ‘Write your name here’name here’-The teacher ordered: ‘Don’t move The teacher ordered: ‘Don’t move these tables’.these tables’.-He said to me: ‘Could you please He said to me: ‘Could you please open this door?’open this door?’

He told me to go to my room.He told me to go to my room.

She ordered not to ask her that She ordered not to ask her that then.then.

Peter ordered to give him the Peter ordered to give him the money.money.

Mary told her sister not to touch her Mary told her sister not to touch her clothes.clothes.

He ordered to take his bag to the He ordered to take his bag to the stationstation

The secretary told me to write my The secretary told me to write my name there.name there.

The teacher ordered not to move The teacher ordered not to move those tables.those tables.

He asked me to open that door.He asked me to open that door.IES NUESTRA SEÑORA DE LA CABEZATEACHER: MARTA BENÍTEZ

REPORTED SUGGESTIONSHe said: ‘Why don’t we go to the cinema?’He suggested going to the cinema.He suggested that they went to the cinema.

He said to his friend: ‘Let’s play tennis!’He suggested playing tennis.He suggested that they played tennis.

REPORTING VERB: SUGGEST


OTHER REPORTING VERBS

FOLLOWED BY TO-INFINITIVEagree, offer, promise, refuse, threaten, decide…

FOLLOWED BY OBJECT + TO-INFINITIVEask, advise, encourage, invite, order, persuade,

recommend, remind, tell, warn…

FOLLOWED BY GERUND (-ING)Apologize for, deny, recommend, suggest


reported speech. direct vs. indirect speech ies nuestra seÑora de la cabeza teacher: marta benÍtez...

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