redesign of rotary inductrack for magnetic train...

Redesign of Rotary Inductrack for Redesign of Rotary Inductrack for Magnetic Train LevitationMagnetic Train Levitation

Bradley UniversityBradley University

Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Senior Capstone ProjectSenior Capstone Project

Student:Student:Glenn Zomchek Glenn Zomchek

Advisor:Advisor:Dr. AnakwaDr. Anakwa

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OverviewOverview

–– Background informationBackground information

–– Purpose of Maglev SystemPurpose of Maglev System

–– Previous WorkPrevious Work

–– Project SummaryProject Summary

–– Physical DesignPhysical Design

–– ControlsControls

–– Parts & EquipmentParts & Equipment

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Overview (cont’d)Overview (cont’d)

–– Specifications for New Maglev SystemSpecifications for New Maglev System

–– Issues AddressedIssues Addressed

–– Tentative ScheduleTentative Schedule

–– ReferencesReferences

–– PatentsPatents

–– QuestionsQuestions

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Background InformationBackground Information

The inductrack was first developed by Richard F. Post in The inductrack was first developed by Richard F. Post in the late 1990’s at Lawrence Livermore National the late 1990’s at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.Laboratory.

–– 20 meter test track for propulsion20 meter test track for propulsion

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Purpose of Maglev SystemPurpose of Maglev System

LifeLife--size track and train propulsion systemsize track and train propulsion system

Low Speed Urban Maglev ProgramLow Speed Urban Maglev Program

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Previous Work at Bradley UniversityPrevious Work at Bradley University

20032003--20042004–– Paul FriendPaul Friend

Initial researchInitial researchEquations developedEquations developedGraphical User Interface (GUI) created in MATLABGraphical User Interface (GUI) created in MATLABCircular wireCircular wire--rung inductrack attemptedrung inductrack attempted

–– Tony Pederson and Toby MillerTony Pederson and Toby MillerLinear wireLinear wire--rung inductrack attemptedrung inductrack attempted

20052005--20062006–– Dusty Funk and Kyle GetslaDusty Funk and Kyle Getsla

New support structure createdNew support structure createdLaminated sheets inductrack attemptedLaminated sheets inductrack attempted

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SmallSmall--Scale Maglev SystemScale Maglev System

Project SummaryProject Summary

11stst goalgoal–– To demonstrate levitationTo demonstrate levitation

22ndnd goalgoal–– To use a position sensor to measure the To use a position sensor to measure the

displacement in height created by the train levitation. displacement in height created by the train levitation. –– Use the signal created as feedback to the DC motor Use the signal created as feedback to the DC motor

to control the motor speed, creating a closedto control the motor speed, creating a closed--loop loop system. system.

–– To use a digital force gauge to measure the force To use a digital force gauge to measure the force needed to levitate the train to a desired height.needed to levitate the train to a desired height.

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Physical DesignPhysical Design

InductrackInductrack::

Thin sheets of laminated aluminumThin sheets of laminated aluminumwrapped around a wheelwrapped around a wheel

Slots cut every 2.2 cm to guide Slots cut every 2.2 cm to guide eddy currentseddy currents

Eddy currents created due Eddy currents created due to moving magnetic fieldto moving magnetic field

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Machine ShopMachine Shop

TriTri--City Machine Products, Inc.City Machine Products, Inc.–– Joseph Richey Joseph Richey

PresidentPresident

TriTri--City Machine Products, Inc.City Machine Products, Inc.1506 SW Washington Street1506 SW Washington StreetPeoria, ILPeoria, IL 6160261602Phone: 309 673Phone: 309 673--55895589Fax: 309 673Fax: 309 673--5592 5592

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Levitation SpeedLevitation Speed

–– Levitation will occur at the “breakpoint Levitation will occur at the “breakpoint velocity”velocity”

–– This breakpoint velocity is defined as the This breakpoint velocity is defined as the velocity when the levitation force is great velocity when the levitation force is great enough to levitate the train off its rolling enough to levitate the train off its rolling clearance height.clearance height.

–– According to previous research, this According to previous research, this breakpoint velocity = 23.2038 meters/second breakpoint velocity = 23.2038 meters/second = 697.89 rpm= 697.89 rpm

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Maglev TrainMaglev Train

Mass = 0.375 kgMass = 0.375 kg

Halbach array of magnetsHalbach array of magnets

Magnet Strength: 1.21 TeslaMagnet Strength: 1.21 Tesla

Halbach wavelength, Halbach wavelength, λ = 5.5λ = 5.5 cmcm

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Halbach ArrayHalbach Array

When the Halbach array passes over the track, current is When the Halbach array passes over the track, current is induced. The current induced in the track creates the induced. The current induced in the track creates the magnetic field. magnetic field.

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Support StructureSupport Structure

Support structure used in 2005Support structure used in 2005

I will be dealing with the I will be dealing with the

fabrication of the new fabrication of the new

support structuresupport structure

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ControlsControls

Overall System Block DiagramOverall System Block Diagram

The Maglev System block consists of the train, Halbach arraThe Maglev System block consists of the train, Halbach array of y of magnets, rotary wheel, drive unit, and DC motor.magnets, rotary wheel, drive unit, and DC motor.

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Rotary Subsystem Block DiagramRotary Subsystem Block Diagram

The rotary subsystem consists of AC power coming directly frThe rotary subsystem consists of AC power coming directly from the om the wall into a drive unit which will control the DC motor. The DC wall into a drive unit which will control the DC motor. The DC motor motor will be connected to the rotary wheel to accelerate the wheel towill be connected to the rotary wheel to accelerate the wheel to a a specified velocity. specified velocity.

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Levitation Subsytem Block DiagramLevitation Subsytem Block Diagram

The levitation subsystem consists of the velocity of the whThe levitation subsystem consists of the velocity of the wheel creating an eel creating an induced current which in turn creates an induced magnetic force induced current which in turn creates an induced magnetic force to levitate to levitate the train. The feedback path will consist of a levitation constthe train. The feedback path will consist of a levitation constant.ant.

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Parts & EquipmentParts & Equipment

MotorMotor–– Model: 2Z846AModel: 2Z846A

115 VAC115 VAC180 VDC180 VDCSingle PhaseSingle Phase¾ HP¾ HPRated Speed: 2500 RPMRated Speed: 2500 RPMTorque 18.9 lb. in.Torque 18.9 lb. in.

Motor provided by Bradley UniversityMotor provided by Bradley University

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Parts & Equipment (cont’d)Parts & Equipment (cont’d)Position TransducerPosition Transducer–– Model: MLT002N3000B5CModel: MLT002N3000B5C

$234.36$234.36

Max. Applied Voltage: 30 Max. Applied Voltage: 30 VdcVdc

Electrical travel in inches: 2”Electrical travel in inches: 2”

Will measure the displacement of the train due to Will measure the displacement of the train due to levitationlevitation

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Parts & Equipment (cont’d)Parts & Equipment (cont’d)

Digital Force GaugeDigital Force Gauge–– Model 475040Model 475040

$329$329

5 digit LCD with reversible5 digit LCD with reversible

display to match any viewing angledisplay to match any viewing angle

Zero Adjust pushZero Adjust push--buttonbutton

Peak Hold switchPeak Hold switch

Range: 176 oz, 5000 g, 49 Range: 176 oz, 5000 g, 49 NewtonsNewtons

(train begins levitating at ~4 (train begins levitating at ~4 NewtonsNewtons))

Will be used to measure the Will be used to measure the

levitation force felt by the trainlevitation force felt by the train

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Parts & Equipment (cont’d)Parts & Equipment (cont’d)

3M Hi3M Hi--Strength 90 Spray AdhesiveStrength 90 Spray Adhesive–– $18$18

Bonds most wood, particle board, Bonds most wood, particle board,

metal, laminate, SBR rubber andmetal, laminate, SBR rubber and

many plastics including many plastics including

polyethylene and polypropylene.polyethylene and polypropylene.

Various spray widths, from 1 inch Various spray widths, from 1 inch

to 12 inches can be achievedto 12 inches can be achieved

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Specifications for New Maglev SystemSpecifications for New Maglev SystemPD

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Issues AddressedIssues Addressed

Adverse effect of steel rivets on bicycle wheel to Adverse effect of steel rivets on bicycle wheel to the attraction of the Halbach array of magnets.the attraction of the Halbach array of magnets.

Material selection for gap creation between steel Material selection for gap creation between steel rivets and inductrack.rivets and inductrack.

Wheel rotation with load must exceed ~700 rpmWheel rotation with load must exceed ~700 rpm

Stability of support structure to withstand fast Stability of support structure to withstand fast rotational speeds of the wheel with little vibrationrotational speeds of the wheel with little vibration

Proper sensor placement on the Maglev system Proper sensor placement on the Maglev system

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Fall Semester ScheduleFall Semester Schedule

Weeks 1Weeks 1--22 Development of functional description Development of functional description deliverable. Research on previous deliverable. Research on previous Maglev work along with Maglev work along with personal personal verification measurements.verification measurements.

Weeks 3Weeks 3--55 Development of specifications Development of specifications deliverable. Parts research for motors, deliverable. Parts research for motors, position sensors, and force sensors. position sensors, and force sensors. Development ideas for new Maglev Development ideas for new Maglev system. system.

Weeks 6Weeks 6--77 Preparation for project proposal and Preparation for project proposal and oral presentation. Collaboration with oral presentation. Collaboration with mechanical technician for rebuilding of mechanical technician for rebuilding of support structure. support structure.

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Spring Semester Tentative ScheduleSpring Semester Tentative Schedule

Weeks 1Weeks 1--22 Collaboration with mechanicalCollaboration with mechanicaltechnician for rebuilding of technician for rebuilding of support structure. support structure.

Weeks 3Weeks 3--55 Complete Maglev system Complete Maglev system construction.construction.

Weeks 6Weeks 6--1010 Train levitation. Experimental Train levitation. Experimental tests and measurements.tests and measurements.

Weeks 11Weeks 11--1414 Development of feedback Development of feedback signals to create a closedsignals to create a closed--loop loop system. Preparation for oral system. Preparation for oral presentation and final project presentation and final project report.report.

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ReferencesReferences[1] Paul Friend’s Senior Project Magnetic Levitation Technology[1] Paul Friend’s Senior Project Magnetic Levitation Technology 1 Final Report, 1 Final Report,

12 May, 2004.12 May, 2004.

[2] Paul Friend’s Senior Project Proposal, 12 December, 2003.[2] Paul Friend’s Senior Project Proposal, 12 December, 2003.

[3] Paul Friend’s Project Proposal Presentation, 9 December, 20[3] Paul Friend’s Project Proposal Presentation, 9 December, 2003.03.

[4] Dusty Funk & Kyle Getsla’s Senior Project Magnetic Levitati[4] Dusty Funk & Kyle Getsla’s Senior Project Magnetic Levitation Train on Train Final Report, 2005.Final Report, 2005.

[5] Halbach, K., “Applications of permanent magnets in accelera[5] Halbach, K., “Applications of permanent magnets in accelerators and electron tors and electron storage rings,” storage rings,” Journal of Applied PhysicsJournal of Applied Physics, vol. 57, p. 3605, , vol. 57, p. 3605, 1985.1985.

[6] Post, Richard F., Ryutov, Dmitri D., “The Inductrack Approa[6] Post, Richard F., Ryutov, Dmitri D., “The Inductrack Approach to ch to Magnetic Levitation,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.Magnetic Levitation,” Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.

[7] Yaskawa Electric Corporation. “User’s Manual,” [7] Yaskawa Electric Corporation. “User’s Manual,” Servo Selection and Data Servo Selection and Data SheetsSheets, October, 2000., October, 2000.

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PatentsRichard F. PostMagnetic Levitation System for Moving ObjectsU.S. Patent 5,722,326March 3, 1998

Richard F. PostInductrack Magnet ConfigurationU.S. Patent 6,633,217 B2October 14, 2003

Richard F. PostInductrack ConfigurationU.S. Patent 629,503 B2October 7, 2003

Richard F. PostLaminated Track Design for Inductrack Maglev SystemU.S. Patent Pending US 2003/0112105 A1June 19, 2003

Coffey; Howard T.Propulsion and stabilization for magnetically levitated vehiclesU.S. Patent 5,222,436June 29, 2003

Coffey; Howard T.Magnetic Levitation configuration incorporating levitation, guidance and linear synchronous motorU.S. Patent 5,253,592October 19, 1993

Levi;Enrico; Zabar;Zivan;Air cored, linear induction motor for magnetically levitated systemsU.S. Patent 5,270,593November 10, 1992

Lamb; Karl J. ; Merrill; Toby ; Gossage; Scott D. ; Sparks; Michael T. ;Barrett; Michael S. U.S. Patent 6,510,799January 28, 2003

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