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Developing Effective Training

A workshop developed for Medical Analysis Systems

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Four Basic Assumptions

• Need to be self-directed

• Possess a reservoir of experience

• Possess a “Readiness” for learning

• Prefer a problem centered approach vs subject centered

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Active vs Passive LearningStudies indicate after 3 days, we remember:• 10% of what we read

• 20% of what we hear

• 30% of what we see

• 50% of what we see and hear

• 70% of what we say

• 90% of what we say and do

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I hear, I forget

I see, I remember

I do, I understand

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Analyzing the Training Requirement

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Establishing Learning Objectives

• Enables specific results:– provides learner with skills and knowledge

– provides learner with expectations

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Criteria for Objectives

• Performance– the desired outcome (product or results)

• Conditions– conditions of performance

• Criterion– what is acceptable performance (time limit,

accuracy or quality measurement)

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Outlining Training Content

• List actions

• Identify knowledge required

• Sequence the training content

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R-O-P-E-S Methodology

• Review

• Overview

• Presentation

• Exercise

• Summary

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Instructional Methods

• Lecture

• Discussion

• Demonstration

• Case/Study

• Role Play/Skill Practice

• Games

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Lecture

Advantages

• Keeps group together

• Time control easier

• Good for large group (20+)

Disadvantages

• Can be dull

• Difficult to gauge attention of group

• Retention is limited

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Discussion

Advantages

• Keeps learners interested/involved

• Learner resources discovered/shared

• Learning can be observed

Disadvantages

• Learning points can be confusing or lost

• A few learner may dominate

• Time control is more difficult

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Demonstration

Advantages

• Keeps learners interested/involved

• Learners can see the “model”

• Aids retention

• Learning can be observed

Disadvantages

• Demonstrator needs to be expert

• May require logistic challenge

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Case Study

Advantages

• Requires active learner involvement

• Can stimulate performance required after trng.

• Learning can be observed

Disadvantages

• Information must be precise and up-to-date

• Can take time

• Learners become too interested in case content

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Role Play/Skill Practice

Advantages

• Aids retention

• Allows practice of new skill in controlled environment

• Learners actively involved

Disadvantages

• Requires preparation time

• Difficult to tailor to all learner situations

• Requires lots of time

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Games

Advantages

• Fun!

• Learners actively involved

• Learning can be observed

Disadvantages

• Requires preparation time

• Can be considered “dumb”

• May be difficult to tailor to all learners’situations.

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Using Visuals

Promote quality of communication> use both sight and sound

> aids better retention

> reduces mis-communication

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Using Visuals

Improves learning– reinforces the information from each channel

– focuses learners attention

– helps trainees interpret and process info

– clarifies the message

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Types of Visuals

• Transparencies

• Flipcharts

• Printed Materials (hand-outs, job aids)

• Videos/films

• Mock up or models

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Criteria for Visuals

• K-I-S-S

• Use lots of white space

• Use 6-7 words per line

• Use no more than 5 lines per visual

• Use large letters to be seen by last row

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Use of Color Visuals

• Accelerates learning, retention, recall 55-78%

• Improves and increases comprehension 73%

• Increases willingness to read 80%

• Sells products and ideas more effectively 50-85%

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Evaluating Training

• Level 1 - Reaction

• Level 2 - Learning

• Level 3 - Behavior

• Level 4 - Results