FM 55-21

RAILWAY OPERATINGAND

SAFETY RULES

JULY 1989

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

*FM 55-21

FIELD MANUALNo. 55-21

HEADQUARTERSDEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY

Washington, DC, 17 July 1989

RAILWAY OPERATING ANDSAFETY RULES

PREFACE

The US Army may be called on to operate railroadsworldwide. This manual provides a standard code ofoperating rules for personnel engaged in the operationof military railways. The rules given in this publicationare consistent with those of railroads throughout theUnited States and many foreign countries. Some ruleshave been modified to be adaptable to operating condi-tions peculiar to military railroads.

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

*This publication supersedes TM 55-200/TO 45-1-5,14 September1973, and rescinds DA Forms 4094-R, 4095-R, 4096-R and 4097-R,May 1973.

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In order to work productively and safely, personnelmust be knowledgeable of and obey the rules andspecial instructions of the military railroad. Com-manders of railway units and installations or activitiesassigned and using railway equipment are responsiblefor selecting, training, and testing railway operatingpersonnel in accordance with this manual andAR 611-201.

The proponent of this publication is HQ TRADOC.Submit changes for improving this publication on DAForm 2028 (Recommended Changes to Publicationsand Blank Forms) and forward it to Commandant, USArmy Transportation School, ATTN: ATSP- TDL,Fort Eustis, VA 23604-5399.

Unless otherwise stated, whenever the masculinegender is used, both men and women are included.

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Distribution Restriction: Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited

17 July 1989

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL RULES

Department of the Army railways include allrailways constructed, maintained, or operated forArmy use, whether by military personnel or by civilianpersonnel under military direction. Department of theArmy railways are classified as military and utilityrailways. Personnel must be knowledgeable of thefollowing terms to understand and comply with therailway operating and safety rules. These rules pertainto the safe operation of the Department of the Armyrailways and contain other general information foroperators and other railway personnel.

Absolute block— A length of track in which no trainor engine is permitted to enter while it is occupied byanother train or engine.

Absolute permissive block (APB)— A designated sec-tion of track or tracks within which the movement oftrains will be governed by block signals, whichsupersede the superiority of trains. The block signalsmay be controlled manually or automatically.

Absolute signal— A block or interlocking signaldesignated by an “A” marker or the absence of anumber plate.

Automatic block signal system (ABS)— A series of con-secutive blocks governed by block signals, cab signals

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or both, actuated by a train, engine, or by certain con-ditions affecting the use of a block.

Automatic cab signal system (ACS)— A system whichprovides for the automatic operation of the cab signalsand cab warning whistle.

Automatic train stop system (ATS)— A systemactuated by wayside inductors so arranged that itsoperation will automatically result in the application ofthe brakes until the train has been brought to a stop.

Block occupancy indicator— An indicator used to con-vey information regarding block occupancy.

Block signal— A fixed signal at the entrance of ablock to govern trains and engines entering and usingthat block.

Block system— A block or series of consecutiveblocks within APB, ABS, ACS, CTC, or interlockinglimits.

Cab Signal— A signal located in the engineer’s com-partment or cab indicating a condition affecting themovement of a train or engine. Cab and interlockingsignals are used together and along with or in place ofblock signals.

Centralized traffic control (CTC)— A remotely con-trolled block signal system under which trainmovements are authorized by block signals whose in-dications supersede the superiority of trains.

Controlled siding— A siding within CTC or interlock-ing limits. Authorization for use of controlled siding isgoverned by signal indication or control operator.

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Controlled signal— An absolute signal, whose aspectis controlled by a control operator.

Crossover— A track connection between two adja-cent tracks.

Current of Traffic— The movement of trains on a maintrack one direction, specified by the rules.

Distant signal— A fixed signal outside of a blocksystem, used to govern the approach to a block signal,interlocking signal, or switch point indicator. It willnot convey information as to conditions affecting theuse of the track between the distant signal and blocksignal, interlocking signal, or switch point indicator towhich approach is governed. It will be identified by a“D” marker.

Division— A portion of the railroad designated bytimetable.

Double track (DT)— Two main tracks, on which thecurrent of traffic is in a specified direction on onetrack, and in the opposite direction on the other.

Dual control switch— A power-operated switch, alsoequipped for hand operation.

Electric switch lock— An electrically controlled lockdevice affixed to a hand operated switch or derail tocontrol its use.

Engine— A unit propelled by any form of energy, or acombination of such units operated from a single con-trol, used in train or yard service.

Extra train— A train not authorized by timetableschedule. Trains may be designated as extra or workextra.

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Extra— For any extra train except work extra, themovement of which is authorized in a specifieddirection.

Work extra— For any extra train authorized byForm H train order, the movement of which maybe ineither direction within specified limits.

Fixed signal— A signal of fixed location indicating acondition affecting the movement of a train.

Initial or originating station— The first station oneach subdivision from which a train is authorized tooccupy the main track.

Interlocking— An arrangement of signal appliancesso interconnected that their movements must succeedeach other in proper sequence. It may be operatedmanually or automatically.

Interlocking limits— The tracks between the outeropposing absolute signals of an interlocking.

Interlocking signals— The fixed signals of an inter-locking, governing trains using interlocking limits.

Main track— A track extending through yards andbetween stations which must not be occupied withoutauthority or protection.

Multiple main tracks— Two or more main tracks, theuse of which is designated in the timetable.

Overlap sign— A sign marking the limit of control ofa block signal.

Pilot— Any personnel assigned to a train when theengineer or conductor is not acquainted with the rules

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or portion of railroad over which the train is to bemoved.

Register station— A station at which a train registeris located.

Regular train— A train authorized by a timetableschedule.

Restricted speed— A speed not exceeding 20 mphthat will permit stopping within one-half the range ofvision short of train, engine, railroad car, stop signal,derail, or switch not properly lined, and will allow look-ing out for broken rail.

Schedule— That part of a timetable which prescribesclass, direction, number, and movement for a regulartrain.

Siding— A track auxiliary to the main track formeeting or passing trains. The timetable will indicatestations at which sidings are located.

Signal aspect— The appearance of a fixed signal con-veying an indication as viewed from the direction of anapproaching train; or the appearance of a cab signalconveying an indication as viewed by an observer inthe cab.

Signal indication— The information conveyed by thesignal aspect.

Single track— A main track upon which trains areoperated in both directions.

Spring switch— A switch equipped with a springmechanism to restore the switch points to originalposition after having been trailed through.

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Station— A place designated in the timetable stationcolumn by name.

Subdivision— A portion of a division designated bytimetable.

Superior train— A train having precedenceanother train.

Switch point indicator— A light type indicator

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usedin connection with facing point movement over certainswitches to indicate proper fit of switch points.

Terminating station— The last station on each sub-division to which a train is authorized to occupy themain track.

Timetable— The authority for the movement ofregular trains subject to the rules. It may containclassified schedules and includes special instructions.

Track bulletin— A notice containing information asto track conditions or other conditions necessary forthe safe operation of trains or engines.

Track permit— A form used to authorize occupancyof main track where designated by specialinstructions.

Track side warning detector— Wayside detectors pro-vided at various locations as shown in the timetablewhich detect such conditions as overheated journals,dragging equipment, excess dimensions, shifted loads,high water, and slides.

Track warrant control (TWC)— A method of authoriz-ing movements of trains or engines or protecting per-sonnel or machines on a main track within specified

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limits in territory designated by special instructions orgeneral order.

Train— An engine(s) with or without cars, displayinga marker and authorized to operate on a main track.

Train register— A book or form used at designatedstations to register time of arrival and departure oftrains, and other information as maybe prescribed.

Variable switch— A switch, designated by letter “V”or bowl painted yellow that remains lined in the posi-tion to which it is forced when trailed through theswitch points.

Yard— A system of tracks, other than main tracksand sidings, used for making up trains, storing cars,and for other purposes.

Yard limits— A portion of main track designated byyard limit signs and by timetable, train order Form T,or track bulletin, used by trains and engines asprescribed by Rule 93.

Yard engine— An engine assigned to yard service.

SAFETY RULES

Safety is of the first importance in the discharge ofduty. Obedience to the rules is essential to safety andto remaining in service. The service demands thefaithful, intelligent, and courteous discharge of duty.Personnel must use care to prevent injury tothemselves and to others. They must be alert andattentive at all times when performing their duties andplan their work to avoid injury.

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Authorized personnel must report any accidents;personal injuries; defects in track, bridges or signals;or any unusual conditions affecting the safe and effi-cient operation of the railroad by the first means ofcommunication. A written report must followpromptly when required.

OPERATING RULES

Personnel whose duties are prescribed by operatingrules must have a copy available for reference while onduty. Personnel whose duties are affected by thetimetable or special instructions must have a currentcopy immediately available for reference while onduty. Personnel must be familiar with and obey allrules and instructions. If they are in doubt as to themeaning of any rule or instruction, personnel must asktheir supervisor for an explanation. They must attendrequired classes and pass the required examinations.

Rules may be issued, cancelled, or modified bygeneral order, timetable, or special instructions. Whenauthorized by the superintendent or battalion com-mander, general orders or special instructions may becancelled, modified, or issued by train order Form Q ortrack bulletin.

Personnel must cooperate and assist in carrying outthe rules and instructions, and must promptly reportany violations to the proper officer. They must alsoreport any condition or practice affecting the safety oftrains, passengers or personnel, and any misconduct ornegligence affecting the interest of the government.

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Personnel must expect the movement of trains,engines, cars or other movable equipment at any time,on any track, in either direction. They must not standon the track in front of an approaching engine, car, orother moving equipment. Personnel must know thelocation of and the standard minimum clearance ofstructures and obstructions.

Personnel whose duties require service on more thanone division, terminal, or on another railroad, are underthe jurisdiction of the officers of the division, terminal,or other railroad on which the service is beingperformed. When performing service on anotherrailroad, unless otherwise instructed, personnel will begoverned by the safety rules and the air brake andtrain handling rules of the railroad by which they areemployed and by the operating rules and timetable ofthe railroad upon which they are operating.

Train and engine service personnel must not occupythe roof of a freight car or caboose under any cir-cumstances. Other personnel whose duties requirethem to occupy the roof of a car or caboose may do soonly when equipment is standing.

SPECIAL RULES

Rules with the prefix “S” apply to single track only.Personnel must be familiar with the following terms asthey apply for special orders.

Car(s)— Railroad cars.

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15

Conductor (or yard engine foreman)— Individual incomplete charge of a train crew.

Control operator— Person assigned to operate acentralized traffic control (CTC) or interlocking controlmachine or authorized to grant track permits.

Engineman— Engineers, firemen, or hostlers.

Flagman— Any soldier providing flag protection.

Foreman— A soldier in charge of work.

Trainman— Conductors, brakemen, yard engineforemen, switchmen, and yard helpers.

Train(s)— Used in connection with speed restrictions,flag protection, the observance of all signals (excepttrain order signals) and signal rules, also applies toengines.

Special instructions—Special instructions containedin the timetable or in pamphlet supplemental to thetimetable.

When there are multiple rules under the samenumber followed by a suffix letter, each rule is con-sidered as a separate rule. W bile rules are subdividedfor convenience, they apply equally to all, and must beobserved wherever they relate in any way to thedischarge of personnel duties.

The following authorized abbreviations are used intrain orders, track warrants, track bulletins, orclearances. Initials are authorized for use in place of

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the train dispatcher’s signature. The usual abbrevia-tions for names of the months, except May, June, andJuly are also allowed.

Authorized Abbreviations for Use in Train Orders

ABR

ABS

A C S

A M T KAPB

ATC

A T S

C&E

corncondrCTC

disprdiv

absolute blockregister

Automatic BlockSignal System

Automatic CabSignal System

Amtrakabsolute permis-

sive blockautomatic train

controlautomatic train

stopconductor and

engineer

complete

conductorcentralized traf-

fic control

dispatcher

division

engengrfrtjetmaxMWmsgrreinsM PmphnoOKoprorigpsgrsubdivsuptTWC

Y M

engineengineerfreight

junctionmaximummaintenance of way

messengerminutesmile postmiles per hournumber

correct

operatororiginating

passengersubdivisionsuperintendent

track warrantcontrol

yardmaster

CHAPTER 2

OPERATING RULES

The rules in this chapter have been adapted for usefor Department of Defense (DOD) railways. They per-tain to the use of time and timetables.

STANDARD TIME

Rule 1. Standard clocks. Standard clocks will be iden-tified by a sign “Standard Clock.” Standard clocksshould indicate the correct time. If necessary, assignedpersonnel at each location must set clock to correcttime.

Rule 2. Time Service Requirements. While on duty,personnel designated by the Army railroad must haveand use a watch which conforms to the requirements ofthat railroad. Personnel must not have an unautho-rized watch on their person. Instructions issued by theArmy railroad will govern inspection of watches andother time service requirements. Continental time isused where authorized.

Rule 3. Time Comparison. Designated personnel willcompare their watches with a standard clock beforebeginning each day’s work. Watches that vary morethan 30 seconds from the time on a standard clock,must be set to correct time. When required, personnelwill record the time that watches are compared with astandard clock on the prescribed form. Where a stan-dard clock is not available, designated personnel will

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obtain the correct time from the train dispatcher orfrom any personnel who made time comparison.

Conductors must, when practicable, compare timewith their engineer before starting each trip or day’swork. At the first opportunity, other members of thecrew must compare time with the conductor orengineer.

TIMETABLES

Rule 4. Change of Timetable. From the moment ittakes effect, each timetable supersedes the precedingtimetable, and its schedules take effect on any subdivi-sion at time of departure at the initial station on suchsubdivision. When a new timetable takes effect, anytrain authorized by the preceding timetable loses bothright and schedule and afterwards can proceed onlywhen authorized as an extra.

Schedules on each subdivision date from their initialstation on such subdivision and will be assumed onlyfrom their initial station on such subdivision. Not morethan one schedule of the same number and day shall bein effect on any subdivision.

Rule 4 (A). Notice New Timetable. Notice of newtimetable, timetable supplement, or special instruc-tions must be issued by general order and posted atleast 24 hours before effective time. Train orderForm Q or track bulletin must be issued not less than24 hours before effective time and continue for 6 daysafter effective time to conductors, engineers, andyardmasters.

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Rule 4 (B). Special Instructions. Special instructionssupersede any rule or regulation with which theyconflict.

Rule 4 (C). General Orders, Circulars, Bulletins, andNotices. General orders are numbered consecutivelyand are issued and cancelled by authority and over thesignature of the officer in charge or other designatedofficer. General orders contain only information orinstructions relating to the rules or movement of trainsor engines. They supersede special instructions or anyrule or regulation with which they conflict.

Circulars, bulletins, notices, and other informationand instructions are issued as required and remain ineffect until cancelled. General orders, bulletins,notices, and circulars are posted in books and onbulletin boards at stations designated in the timetable.Trainmen, enginemen, and others whose dutiesrequire, must review them before beginning each day’swork or trip. Conductors, engineers, and train dis-patchers record the highest number of general orderson the prescribed form. Conductors and engineersoperating over more than one division must review thegeneral orders and bulletins at the initial point on eachsubdivision, except where they have reviewed them foreach division at the beginning of their trip or tour ofduty.

Rule 5. Schedule Time. Where one time is shown intimetable schedule at a station, it is the leaving time.At a terminating station, it is the arriving time. Wheretwo times are shown, they are arriving and leavingtimes.

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Scheduled meeting or passing stations may beindicated by time shown in full-face type. The numbersof the schedules to be met or passed may be shown bysmaller, adjacent figures.

Rule 5 (A). Where Time Applies. Unless otherwisespecified by train order or special instructions, exceptwhere centralized traffic control (CTC) rules are ineffect, scheduled leaving time and train order timeapplies on single track, at the clearance point of sidingswitch where an opposing train clears the main track.Where there is no siding, and on multiple main tracks,time applies at the station sign.

Rule 5 (B). Not Leave Before. A train must not leave astation in advance of its schedule leaving time.

Rule 5 (C). Receive or Discharge Traffic. Trainsscheduled to receive or discharge traffic at a stationmust not leave the point where such traffic is receivedor discharged before the time shown in the schedule.

Rule 6. Letters Schedule Column. The letter “s” placedin schedule column indicates regular stop. The letter“f” indicates flag stop to receive or discharge traffic.

Rule 6 (A). Timetable Characters. Letters or symbolsplaced in timetable station column indicate conditionsor requirements prescribed by special instructionapplicable to specific locations. Information concern-ing the type of operation maystation column of timetable.

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be shown by brackets in

SIGNALS AND THEIR USE

Rule 7. Proper Signal Appliances. Personnel thatdisplay signals or whose duties may require them togive signals, must have the proper appliances. Theymust keep their appliances in good order and ready forimmediate use.

Rule 7 (A). Vigilance for Signals. Personnel must keepa vigilant lookout for signals and act on them strictlyaccording to the rules. Personnel must use the utmostcare to avoid acting on signals that are not understood,or that may be intended for other trains or engines. Incase of doubt, personnel must reach an understandingbefore movement is made.

Rule 7 (B). Giving Signals. Personnel giving signalsmust be located in positions where they are plainlyseen. Signals must be given in a way which can beclearly understood. When practicable, all hand signalsmust be given on the engineer’s side of track; but theymust be respected when received from either side.

Rule 7 (C). Signal Disappearance. When backing orshoving a train, engine, or cars in response to handsignals, personnel giving such signals, or the light bywhich such signals are given, must not disappear fromview. The disappearance of personnel or lights fromview must be regarded as a stop signal, unless theperson on leading car has control of air brakes.

When train or engine movements are made inresponse to radio communication, such as in switchingoperations or picking up or setting out cars, specific

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instructions are given for each movement. When back-ing or shoving train, engine, or cars, the distance of themovement must be specified and movement stoppedwithin one-half the specified distance unless moreinstructions are received. Failure to maintain radiocontact with the personnel directing the movement byradio must be regarded as a stop signal.

Rule 7 (D). Prescribed Signals. Flags or lights of aprescribed color must be used by day, and lights orreflecting flags of a prescribed color and type by night.Flags may be cloth, metal, or other suitable material.Day signals are displayed from sunrise to sunset.Night signals are displayed from sunset to sunrise andat any time when day signals cannot be plainly seen.

Rule 7 (E). Flagman’s Signals. The flagman must useday signals which consist of a red flag, minimum ofeight torpedoes, and six red fusses; and night signalswhich consist of a white light, minimum of eighttorpedoes, and six red fusees.

Rule 8. The hand and flag signals are given in the samemanner as lantern signals (see Figure 1).

Rule 9. Hand and Other Signals. Any object wavedviolently by any person on or near the track is a signalto stop. Other hand signals may be used for otherpurposes, if they are understood by all crew member:When not involved in giving hand signals, personnelmust avoid making motions which may be construedas a hand signal. Radio and other means of voicecommunication may be used instead of hand signals to

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Figure 1. Hand and Flag Signals and their Indications — Rule 8

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convey information when the use of hand signals is notpossible. Crew members must understand exactlywhich moves will be made while radio is being used tocontrol the movement of a train or engine. During thattime, hand signals will not be given to the engineer noracted upon with the exception of stop signals givenwhen necessary to stop the movement.

Rule 10. Temporary Restrictions. When practicable, ayellow flag will be displayed not less than 2 miles inadvance of each location where train movement isrestricted by train order, track bulletin, or generalorder due to track conditions, structures, men, orequipment. Restriction specified by train order, trackbulletin, or general order must be complied with untilrear of train has passed the green flag or until the trainhas cleared the limits of the restriction when a greenflag is not displayed.

When a yellow flag cannot be placed 2 miles inadvance of restriction due to close proximity to aterminal, a junction, or for other reasons, the traindispatcher must be informed of actual location ofyellow flag. Such information must be included in trainorder, track bulletin, or general order.

When a yellow flag is displayed and restriction is notspecified by train order, track bulletin, or generalorder, speed must be reduced. The train must beprepared to stop short of flagman, red flag, or men andequipment fouling track 2 miles beyond yellow flagand speed must not exceed 10 mph. After rear of trainhas passed a green flag or has reached a point 4 miles

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from the yellow flag, speed may be resumed whereRule 10 (D) is in effect. Where Rule 10(D) is NOT ineffect, speed must not be increased until the traindispatcher ensures the crew that there is no train orderor track bulletin restricting movements at thatlocation.

A green flag displayed will indicate the end of therestriction. When a series of locations requiringreduced speeds are so closely spaced that the greenflags will overlap the yellow flags, a yellow flag will beplaced in advance of each location. Only one green flagwill be placed at the leaving end of the last location.

On tracks where there is a current of traffic, when ayellow flag is to be placed in advance of a temporaryspeed restriction or track condition, a yellow flag and agreen flag will be placed only for trains moving withthe current of traffic. When protection is to beprovided for men and equipment, this will not applyand flags must be placed in both directions on eachtrack affected.

Rule 10 (A). Display of Red Flag. A red flag will bedisplayed at locations where trains must stop asrequired by Form Y train order, track bulletin, or otherconditions. Train must stop short of the red flag andnot proceed unless authorized by foreman. If authorityto proceed is received before stop is made, train maypass red flag without stopping.

After authority to proceed is received, if Form Ytrain order or track bulletin is not in effect, train mustnot exceed 10 mph until rear has passed green flag or

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has reached a point 2 miles from the red flag. Foremanmay authorize a different speed or distance ifnecessary.

Rule 10 (B). Between Rails. When a red flag isdisplayed between the rails of any track other than themain track, the train must stop and not proceed untilthe flag has been removed by a unit of the class thatplaced it.

Rule 10 (C). Flag Location. Flags as prescribed byRules 10 and 10(A) will be displayed only on the trackaffected, except when yellow and red flags are used forprotection without flagman, train order, track bulletin,or general order. Yellow flags and red flags, whererequired, must be placed to protect all possible accessto the restricted area.

These flags, except as prescribed by Rule 10(B),must be displayed to the right of track as viewed froman approaching train when practicable. Flags will notapply to the track on which a train is moving whendisplayed beyond the first rail of an adjacent track.

Rule 10 (D). Protection by Yellow Flag. On subdivi-sions where maximum speed does not exceed 35 mph,and where authorized by special instructions, speedmay be restricted to 10 mph for a distance of up to2 miles without train orders, track bulletins, or generalorders. Protection for men or equipment on main trackmust be provided by displaying yellow flags asprescribed by Rule 10. This protection will extend froma point 2 miles from the yellow flag until the rear of the

train has passed a green flag or has reached a point 4miles from the yellow flag.

Rule 10 (E). Permanent Speed Signs. Permanent speedrestriction signs, as prescribed in special instructions,will be placed in advance of the point where speedrestrictions become effective. Figures on the face ofthese signs denote the highest speed permitted overthe limits of the restriction. When two sets of figuresare shown, the higher figure governs trains consistingentirely of passenger equipment and the lower figuregoverns all other trains.

A permanent resume speed or a speed sign prescrib-ing higher speed will be at placed at the end of eachrestriction. The speed shown on each permanent speedrestriction sign must be observed until the rear of thetrain has passed a permanent resume speed sign or aspeed sign authorizing a higher speed.

Rule 11. Unattended Fusee. A train finding anunattended fusee burning on or near its track muststop until fusee burns out. The train must then proceedat restricted speed for a distance of one mile from pointwhere fusee was displayed. Care must be used to avoidplacing fusees whre they may cause fires.

Rule 12. Torpedoes. The explosion of one or moretorpedoes requires a train to immediately reduce torestricted speed for a distance of 2 miles from theexplosion point. When placing torpedoes, be sure thatthey are placed on the rail not less than 150 feet apart.They must not be placed near station buildings,crossings, or on anything other than main tracks or

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sidings. When there is a possibility that they may becovered by snow, a duplicate set will be placed on theopposite rail to explode simultaneously.

Rule 14. Engine Bell. Except where the momentarystop and start is a continuous switching movement,the engine bell must be rung when the engine is aboutto be moved, while passing through tunnels, and,except when shoving cars, while approaching crossingsat grade. Ringing must begin sufficiently in advance ofentering crossing to provide warning. If distancepermits, warning must be given not less than one-fourth mile before reaching crossing and continue untilcrossing is occupied. Ring bell elsewhere whennecessary as a warning signal.

Rule 15. Required Whistle Signals. Sound whistlefrequently when visibility is impaired by weather con-ditions. In the event of whistle failure, ring the bellcontinuously while moving.

Figure 2 shows the required whistle signals for shortand long sounds. Short sounds are indicated as "o"and long sounds as " —."

Rule 16. Communicating Signals. Each car of apassenger train must be connected with the engine bya communicating signal appliance unless radiocommunication between conductor and engineer isprovided. The radio may be used in place ofcommunicating signals to convey information.

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Figure 2. Required Whistle Signals — Rule 15

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Figure 2. Required Whistle Signals — Rule 15 (cont)

Should both systems become inoperative, handsignals must be used. The signals prescribed inFigure 3 are illustrated by "o" for short sounds, and"–" for long sounds.

Rule 17. Headlight Display. Except as provided inRule 16(B), the headlight must be displayed bright tothe front of every train by day and by night. It must beextinguished when a train has stopped clear of themain track to meet a train or is standing to meet atrain at the end of multiple main tracks or at ajunction.

Rule 17(A). Headlight Failure. At night, if theheadlight on a train fails, a white light must be used inits place. If train is moving, the bell must be rung

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Figure 3. Sound Signals and their Indications — Rule 16

continuously, the whistle sounded frequently, and thetrain dispatcher notified at the first opportunity.

Rule 17(B). Dimming Headlight. Headlights must bedimmed under the following conditions, except whenapproaching and passing over public crossings atgrade:

● At stations and yards where switching isdone.

● When standing close behind another train.

being

● While standing on main track awaiting arrival ofan approaching train that is to take siding.

● When approaching and passing head end and rearend of train on adjacent track.

● When the safety of employees so requires or topermit passing of signals.

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Rule 17 (C). Headlight Front and Rear. When moving,engines must display a headlight to the front and rearby day and night. It may be dimmed or extinguishedon the end coupled to cars. The headlight must bedimmed on the end facing an approaching train orengine on an adj scent track.

Rule 18. Oscillating White Light. When leading end isequipped with oscillating white light on engines, itmust be operated both day and night when moving. Itmay be extinguished when meeting trains, passingtrains, or during switching operations providing move-ment does not involve public crossings at grade. Thesame requirements apply when leading end of engineor top of lead unit is equipped with an amber or whitelight that either revolves or flashes.

Rule 18 (A). Oscillating or Flashing Red Light. Onengines equipped with a red oscillating or flashing redlight, such light must be displayed by day or nightwhen train is stopped suddenly under circumstances inwhich adj scent tracks may be fouled, when head endprotection is required, or when a condition is known toexist which endangers movement. Such red light is asignal for an approaching train on the same or adjacenttrack to stop at once and proceed only afterascertaining that track is safe for passage of trains.

Display of these lights does not modify therequirements of Rule 99 or Rule 102. The red lightmust be extinguished when no longer required.

Rule 19. Markers. A prescribed marker will bedisplayed at the rear of every train to indicate the rearof the train. From one hour before sunset to one hour

after sunrise, when weather conditions restrictvisibility to less than one half-mile and at timesprescribed by special instructions, the marker must beilluminated either steady or flashing. Markers will bewhite or in the red-orange-amber color range. When anengine is operating as a train without cars, or at therear of a train, the trailing headlight illuminated ondim may be used as a marker. Flags may be usedduring daylight one hour after sunrise to one hourbefore sunset.

A train may proceed without a marker to the nextforward location where the marking device can berepaired or replaced if—

● The marker becomes inoperative en route.

● A defective car is placed at the rear for movementto a car repair point.

● The rear portion of the train is disabled and theprescribed marker cannot be displayed on rear car ofportion to be moved.

The marker must be inspected at each crew changepoint to ensure that it is properly displayed. When acrew leaves a portion of their train, they must nothandle a caboose as the rear of the head portion whichwould indicate that the train is complete.

Rule 24. Engine Identifying Number. On trains, theengine number must be illuminated on enginesequipped with number lights. When an engine consistsof more than one unit or when two or more engines arecoupled, the number of one unit only will beilluminated and will be the identifying number. Whenpossible, the number of the leading unit must be used.

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Rule 25. Signs Protecting Equipment. When a signreading “STOP — TANK CAR CONNECTED,”“ S T O P M E N W O R K I N G , ” “ P E R S O N N E LWORKING,” “SERVICE CONNECTIONS,” orsimilar warning signs are displayed on a track or car,the car must not be coupled to or moved. Otherequipment must not be placed on the same track whichwould block or reduce the view of the sign.

Rule 26. Blue Signal Protection of Workmen. Thefollowing terms and definitions apply when used inRule 26:

Blue signal — A clearly distinguishable blue flag orblue light by day and a blue light at night. The bluelight may be displayed either steady or flashing. Whenattached to the operating controls of an engine, it neednot be lighted if the inside of the cab area of the engineis sufficiently lighted so that the blue signal is clearlydistinguishable.

Car shop repair track area — One or more tracks,within an area in which the testing, servicing, repair,inspection, or rebuilding of railroad rolling equipmentis under the exclusive control of mechanicaldepartment personnel.

Effective locking device — A lock that can be lockedor unlocked only by the craft or group of workmenapplying the lock when used in relation to a manuallyoperated switch or a derail.

Engine servicing track area — One or more tracks,within an area in which testing, servicing, repair,inspection, or rebuilding of engines is under theexclusive control of mechanical department personnel.

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Group of workmen — Two or more workmen of thesame or different crafts assigned to work together as aunit under a common authority and who are incommunication with each other while the work is beingdone.

Rolling equipment — Engines, railroad cars, and oneor more engines coupled to one or more cars.

Switch providing direct access— A switch which, iftraversed by rolling equipment, could permit thatrolling equipment to couple to the equipment beingprotected.

Workmen — Railroad personnel assigned to inspect,test, repair, or service railroad rolling equipment, ortheir components, including brake systems. Train andyard crews are excluded, except when assigned toperform such work on railroad rolling equipment thatis not part of the train or yard movement they handle.

NOTE: “Servicing” does not include supplyingcabooses, engines, or passenger cars with itemssuch as ice, drinking water, tools, sanitarysupplies, stationery, or flagging equipment.“Testing” does not include visual observationsmade by personnel positioned inside or alongsidea caboose, engine, or passenger car.

(1) A blue signal signifies that workmen are on,under, or between rolling equipment and that theequipment must not be coupled to or moved, except asprovided in Items (5) and (6) of this rule.

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Rolling equipment must not pass a blue signal on atrack protected by that signal. Other rollingequipment must not be placed on the same track insuch a way to block or reduce the view of the bluesignal, except on designated engine servicing areatracks, car shop repair area tracks, or when a derail isused to divide a track into separate working areas.When a blue signal is displayed at the entrance to atrack, rolling equipment must not enter that track.

Blue signals must be displayed by or for each craft orgroup of workmen who are to work on, under, orbetween rolling equipment. Signals may be removed ordiscontinued only at the request of the same craft orgroup who placed them or requested their use. Whenblue signal protection has been removed from oneentrance of a double- ended track or from either end ofrolling equipment on a main track, that track is nolonger under blue signal protection.

(2) When workmen are on, under, or between rollingequipment, and such work subjects them to the dangerof personal injury posed by any movement of suchequipment, protection must be provided. On a maintrack a blue signal must be displayed at each end of therolling equipment. On any track other than main track,one of the following methods of protection or acombination thereof must be provided:

● Each manually operated switch, includingtrailing point crossover switch, providing direct accessmust be lined against movement to that track, securedby an effective locking device, and a blue signal mustbe placed at or near each switch. The facing point

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crossover switch must be Iined against a crossovermovement and secured by an effective locking device.

● A derail which can restrict access to thatportion of track where work will be performed must belocked in derailing position with an effective lockingdevice. It must be positioned 150 feet from the rollingequipment to be protected, or positioned 50 feet fromthe end of rolling equipment on a designated engineservicing track or car shop repair track where speed islimited to 5 mph.

● A blue signal must be displayed at each derail orwhere remote control switches provide direct access.The person in charge of the workmen must notify theperson in charge of the switches of the work to be per-formed. The person in charge of such switches will theninform the workmen that the switches involved havebeen lined against movement to that track and devicescontrolling the switches have been secured. The in-dividual in charge of remote control switches must notremove the locking devices unless he has been in-formed by the person in charge of workmen that it issafe to do so.

The individual in charge of remote controlswitches must keep a written record of each notifica-tion for 15 days. This record must contain the-

● Name and craft of the person in chargerequesting the protection.

● Number or other designation of the trackinvolved.

● Date and time person in charge of workmennotified that protection has been provided.

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● Date, time, name, and craft of the person incharge of workmen authorizing removal of theprotection.

(3) Also, when workmen are on, under, or between anengine or rolling equipment coupled to an engine, ablue signal must be attached to the controlling engineat a location where it is readily visible to the engineeror person at the controls of that engine.

(4) When emergency repair work is to be done on,under, or between an engine or rolling equipmentcoupled to an engine, and a blue signal is not available,the engineer or person at the controls of the enginemust be notified and appropriate measures must betaken to protect the person performing such work.

(5) An engine must not enter a designated engineservicing area track under the exclusive control ofmechanical forces unless blue signal protectiongoverning entry is removed. The engine must stopshort of coupling to another engine. An engine mustnot leave designated engine servicing area track unlessblue signal protection is removed from that engine andfrom the track in the direction of movement. Bluesignal protection removed from track for themovement of such engines must be restoredimmediately after the engine has entered or has clearedthe area.

An engine protected by blue signals may be movedon a track within the designated engine servicing areaunder the exclusive control of mechanical forces whenoperated by an authorized person under the directionof the person in charge of workmen. This may be done

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after the blue signal has been removed from the con-trolling engine to be repositioned and the workmenhave been warned of the movement.

(6) Rolling equipment protected by blue signals oncar shop repair tracks under the exclusive control ofcar department forces may be repositioned with a carmover. Workmen must be warned of the movement.The car mover must be operated by an authorized per-son under the direction of the person in charge of theworkmen.

Rule 27. Improperly Displayed. A signal improperlydisplayed, the absence of a fixed signal where a signalis usually shown, or the absence of a flag or sign whererequired is regarded as the most restrictive signalindication given, except when semaphore arm isdisplayed. When semaphore is displayed, it willgovern. Improperly displayed signals or absence offixed signals, flags, or signs must be promptlyreported to train dispatcher.

Rule 28. White Flag. A white flag or a white light mustbe used to stop a train to receive traffic only at the flagstations indicated on its schedule or in specialinstruct ions.

Rule 29. Acknowledge Stop Signal. When a signal,except fixed signal, is given to stop a train it must beacknowledged. When flagged, the engineer mustobtain a thorough explanation from the flagman beforeproceeding.

Rule 34. Observe and Call Signals. Crew members inthe control compartment of the engine must be alertfor, and communicate to each other in a clear and

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audible manner, the name or aspect of each signalaffecting the movement of their train as soon as itbecomes visible or audible. They must continue toobserve signals and call any change of indication untilpassed.

If prompt action is not taken to respect the signal,other crew members must remind the engineer orconductor of the rule requirement. If there is noresponse, or the engineer is incapacitated, other crewmembers must take immediate action to ensure safety.Crew members may use emergency brake valve to stopthe train if necessary.

SUPERIORITY OF TRAINS

Rule 70. Right, Class, Direction. A regular train issuperior to another regular train on single track byright, class, or direction. On multiple main tracks aregular train is superior by right or class. An extratrain is made superior to another train only by trainorder. Extra trains have no superiority by class ordirection. Right is conferred by train order; class anddirection by timetable. Right is superior to class anddirection.

Rule S-71. Class and Direction. First class trains aresuperior to second class trains and extras. Second classtrains are superior to opposing extras. Regular trainsin the direction specified in the timetable are superiorto trains of the same class in the opposite direction.

Rule 71(A). Multiple Main Tracks. On multiple maintracks, first class trains are superior to second classtrains and extras in the same direction.

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MOVEMENT OF TRAINS AND ENGINES

Rule 80. Communication Identification. When person-nel initiate communication by telephone or radio, theymust give name, location and, when applicable, train orengine number.

Rule 80 (A). Repeat Instructions. Instructions orinformation received verbally relating to train orengine movements must be repeated by the personreceiving such instructions or information.

Rule 81. Initiating Movement. A crew which has notreceived a clearance or track warrant must be ensuredby the train dispatcher that there are no train orders ortrack bulletins that they must obtain before initiatingmovement on a main track.

Rule 81 (A). Main Track Authorization. Main tracksmust not be occupied unless authorized by one of thefollowing:

● Timetable schedule.

● Rule 93.

● Rule 94.

● Rule 97.

● Rule 97(A).

● Rule 97(B).

● Rule S-227.

● Rule S-250.

● Rule 252.

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● Verbal authority from train dispatcher withinabsolute permissive block (APB) limits, or fromcontrol operator within CTC or interlocking limits.

● A proceed indication of a controlled block orinterlocking signal within CTC or interlocking limits.

● Rules 400 through 413.

An exception to Rule 81(A) is that when it isnecessary to foul or occupy a main track withoutauthority, protection must be provided in bothdirections as prescribed by Rule 99.

Rule 82. Schedules in Effect. Timetable schedules arein effect for 12 hours after their time at each stationunless they are fulfilled, annulled by train order, orabolished by general order for the life of the timetable.

Regular trains more than 12 hours behind eithertheir schedule arriving or leaving time at any stationlose both schedule and train order authority. Afterlosing both schedule and train order, regular trains canproceed only when authorized as an extra.

Rule 82 (A). Clearance Initial Station. Except withintrack warrant control (TWC) territory, a train mustnot leave its initial station on any subdivision withouta clearance, unless authorized by train order, verbalinstructions from train dispatcher, or specialinstructions or general order.

Rule 83. Train Register Requirements. Stations atwhich train registers are located will be designated inthe timetable. At such stations, unless otherwisespecified by special instructions or train order, theconductor or engineer of all trains except work extras,

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will enter all required information in the train register.When authorized by special instructions or train order,trains may register by ticket when operator is on duty,unless it is necessary to check the register.

The conductor may verbally authorize the operatorto enter only the time of departure on the trainregister. When registering by ticket the operator willenter all information in the train register and reportthe train to the train dispatcher from the train register.

Rule 83 (A). Check on Superior Trains. Except wheresuperiority of trains is superseded by signal indicationor a train has authority to proceed ahead of or againstoverdue superior trains, a train must not proceed untilit has been assured in one of the following ways that allsuperior trains due have arrived or left:

●

●

●

Checking timetable and train register.

Use of timetable and train order Form V.

Use of timetable and register check on prescribedform, filled out by the conductor or engineer, whichmust be shown to other crew members.

● Proper identification, either visual or by directcommunication between the two crews involved. Iden-tification of a work extra by a restricted train mustinclude confirmation by the work extra’s conductorthat all of their train has arrived. When a work extra isidentified, it must not occupy the main track ahead ofthe train to which identification was given unless afurther understanding has been reached between thetwo crews involved.

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● Verbal information from train dispatcher. Thisinformation may be relayed, using the words “Traindispatcher advises (train) (has arrived)

(has passed) (station) .”

Rule 83(B). Check on Extras. The train register mustnot be used by a restricted train as evidence of thearrival or departure of an extra train unless authorizedby train order Form W.

Rule 83(C). Delayed Departure. When a train cannotdepart at the time registered, the conductor or theengineer must provide protection to ensure thataffected trains in the same direction are not allowed todepart without being informed of the delay.

Rule 85. Leaving Main Track. Except where superi-ority of trains is superseded by signal indication, whena train is superior to another train in the same direc-tion and leaves the main track it must not permit theinferior train to pass without train order authority.

Rule 86. Clearing Same Direction. In automatic blocksignal system (ABS) territory, an inferior train mustbe clear of a superior train in the same directionsufficiently in advance to avoid giving a restrictivesignal indication to the following superior train. Thelocation of the superior train may be determined byradio or other means of communication. Outside ofblock system limits, an inferior train must be clear of asuperior train at the time the superior train is due toleave the next station in the rear where time is shown.

Rule 86 (A). Instructed to Clear. Within block systemlimits, a train instructed by the train dispatcher toclear a following train must clear such train enough in

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advance to avoid giving a restrictive signal indicationto the following train. The location of the followingtrain may be determined by radio or other means ofcommunication.

Rule 86 (B). Work Extra Against Current of Traffic.On tracks where current of traffic has beenestablished, a work extra must not move against thecurrent of traffic against extras unless protected bytrain order or a flagman. A work extra moving againstthe current of traffic must clear the main track not lessthan 5 minutes before the timetable schedule leavingtime or train order waiting time of regular trains mov-ing with the current of traffic on the same track.

Rule S-87. Clearing Opposing Trains. An inferior trainmust clear the main track not less than 5 minutesbefore the timetable schedule leaving time or trainorder waiting time of an opposing superior train.

Rule 87 (A). Protection When Failed to Clear. A trainfailing to clear the main track by the time requiredmust be protected as prescribed by Rule 99 at thattime.

Rule S-88. Take Siding Meeting Point. At meetingpoints established by Form S-A train order, the trainorder must specify which train will take siding, exceptwhere movements at each end of siding are governedby controlled signals.

Rule 88 (A). Movement Extra Trains. Except in CTC,APB and TWC territory, or within interlocking limits,extra trains will be governed by train orders withrespect to opposing extra trains.

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Rule 89. Stopping Clear. A train stopping where it maybe met or passed must stop and remain not less than400 feet from the clearance point of facing point switchover which a train may pass, if length of train permits.

Rule 89 (A). Precautions Meeting or Passing. A trainrequired to take siding must stop clear of the switch tobe used unless switch is properly lined to leave themain track and must pull in when practicable. Ifnecessary to back in or back out, the movement mustbe protected by a flagman unless authority foroccupancy and protection on main track is otherwiseprovided. At meeting points, the train holding maintrack must stop as required by Rule 89, unless thetrain to be met is clear of the main track and switch isproperly lined. An extinguished headlight is not anindication that a train is clear of the main track. Atrain standing on main track to meet an opposing trainmust, if practicable, line the switch for opposing trainto leave main track. Within ABS, the switch must notbe lined until the opposing train has entered the blockin advance.

Rule 90. Calling Attention to Restriction. When a trainapproaches a point where it is to wait, meet, or bepassed by another train or is restricted in any mannerby train order, track warrant or track bulletin, theconductor must call the attention of the engineer to therestriction when practicable, after passing the laststation, but not less than 2 miles from point of restric-tion. On passenger trains, if radio communication isnot available, conductor must sound signal 16(h) afterpassing the last station, but not less than 2 miles frompoint of restriction, and engineer must answer by

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whistle signal 15(o). Should engineer fail to complywith restriction, the conductor must stop train.

Rule 91. Spacing Trains Same Direction. Outside blocksystem limits, a train must not follow another trainwhich has passed or a train which has been overtakenuntil 10 minutes after the preceding train hasdeparted.

Rule 93. Yard Limit Rule. Within yard limits, the maintrack may be used by trains or engines, not protectingagainst other trains or engines. Engines must give wayto trains as soon as practicable upon their approach.Inferior trains and engines must clear the main trackat the time a first class train is due to leave the neareststation in the direction of its approach where time isshown. Trains must clear other trains which aresuperior as prescribed by Rules 86 and S-87.

In ABS territory, information issued by the traindispatcher, either verbally or by message, maybe usedto determine when delayed first class trains are due toleave the nearest station where time is shown.

Movements within yard limits must be made atrestricted speed, unless the main track is known to beclear by a clear, approach limited, advance approach ordiverging clear signal. Movements against the currentof traffic must not be made unless authorized and pro-tected by train order, track warrant, yardmaster, orother authorized personnel.

Rule 94. No Superiority of Trains. Between designatedpoints specified in the timetable, trains and enginesmay use main tracks in either direction not protectingagainst other trains or engines. All movements must

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be made at restricted speed. Within these limits, trainsand engines are not required to clear superior trains,but must give way to them as soon as practicable upontheir approach.

Rule 97. Authorizing Extras. Extras will be authorizedin one of the following ways:

● Train order.

● Numbered clearance as prescribed by Rule 97(A).

● Block signals or verbal authority from controloperator where CTC or interlocking rules are in effect.

● Verbal authority from the train dispatcher withinAPB limits to run with the current of traffic whereRule 251 is in effect.

● Special instructions or general order.

● Rule S-227, where absolute block register is ineffect.

● As prescribed by Rules 400 through 413, whereTWC is in effect.

Rule 97 (A). Numbered Clearance. The train dispatchermay authorize an extra to move in one direction by anumbered clearance which must show, following theaddress, the station to which the extra is authorized torun, indicating route if necessary. Such authority maybe annulled by train order. The numbered clearancedoes not authorize the extra to occupy the main trackat the originating or terminating station.

Rule 97 (B). Authorizing Work Extra. Work extrasmust be authorized by train order.

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Rule 98. Railroad Crossings, Drawbridges, End ofMultiple Main Track. Unless protected by block orinterlocking signals, trains and engines must beprepared to stop as they approach railroad crossings atgrade, drawbridges, and end of multiple main track.Where protected by stop signs, they must stop beforeany part of the train or engine passes the stop sign andthey will not proceed until route is known to be clear ordrawbridge is in position to permit movement.

Where protected by gate, if gate is lined against theroute to be used, trains and engines must stop andremain 50 feet from fouling track on conflicting routeuntil the gate is changed to stop position on suchroute. Where required, gates must be restored tonormal position after movement has been completed.

Where required to stop before crossing a railroadcrossing at grade and the view on the conflicting routeis obscured, a crew member must precede the move-ment and give signal from the crossing if it is safe toproceed.

Rule 98 (A). Switches at Junctions. The normal posi-tion for a junction switch will be for through move-ment on the subdivision upon which the junction is anintermediate station. Unless protected by block orinterlocking signals, a train approaching a junctionswitch in a trailing point direction, which is normallylined for its movement, must move at restricted speeduntil leading wheels have passed the switch. Trainsmust not foul the other main track until it is knownthat there is no conflicting movement.

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Rule 98(B). Stopping Clear of Crossings andJunctions. At a railroad crossing or junction, whenpracticable, a train or engine must not be stopped at apoint where it will interfere with the movement oftrains on the other track.

Rule 99. Flagging Rule. When a train is moving on amain track at less than one-half the maximumauthorized timetable speed for any train at thatlocation, flag protection against following trains on thesame track must be provided by a flagman droppingoff single lighted fusees at intervals that will ensurefull protection but which do not exceed the burningtime of the fusee.

When a train is moving on a main track at themaximum authorized timetable speed or more thanone-half the maximum authorized timetable speed forany train at that location, under circumstances inwhich it may be overtaken by a following train, theflagman must decide if lighted fusees should bedropped. The grade, curvature of track, weatherconditions, sight distance, and relative speed of theirtrain to a following train must be considered whendeciding if lighted fusees must be dropped. These con-ditions will govern the use of fusees by the flagman toprotect their train.

When a train stops on a main track, and flag protec-tion against following trains on the same track isrequired, the flagman must immediately go back atleast the distance prescribed by timetable or otherinstructions for that territory, place torpedoes, andleave one lighted fusee. He may then return one-half of

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the distance to his train, where he must remain until hehas stopped a following train, or is recalled.

When recalled, and safety to the train will permit, hemay return, leaving a lighted fusee. If recalled beforereaching prescribed distance, he must place torpedoesand leave a lighted fusee. While returning, he mustalso place single lighted fusees at intervals that do notexceed the burning time of the fusee. When the traindeparts, a crew member must leave one lighted fuseeand, until the train resumes a speed not less than one-half the maximum authorized timetable speed for anytrain at that location, he must drop off single lightedfusees at intervals that do not exceed the burning timeon the fusee.

When required by rules, a flagman must protect thefront of the train in the same manner. When a train isseen or heard approaching before the flagman hasreached the prescribed distance, he must immediatelyplace torpedoes and continue toward the approachingtrain, giving stop signals. A flagman must not permitother duties to interfere with the protection of thetrain. The conductor and engineer must ensure thatflag protection is provided for their train, whenrequired. When a train requires protection the engineermust immediately sound whistle signal 15(h) or 15(i)shown in Figure 2. Inability to hear these signals doesnot relieve crew members from protecting the train.

(1) Exceptions to Protection to Rear. Flag Protectionagainst following trains on the same track is notrequired in the following circumstances:

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● When the rear of train is protected by at least twoblock signals or one block signal and one distant signalwithin block system limits.

● When the rear of train is protected by an absoluteblock.

● When the rear of train is within interlockinglimits.

● When train order or special instructions providethat flag protection is not required.

● When prescribed by Rule 93 or Rule 94.

(2) Protection Entering Main Track. Protectionagainst a following train must be provided whennecessary outside block system limits, unless other-wise relieved of flag protection, before a train fouls amain track in moving out of a siding or other track.

(3) Protection on Track Equipment. Rail detectorsand on-track equipment other than engines or cars,must not be depended upon to actuate block signals,interlocking signals, or highway crossing signals andmust not be considered under the protection of suchsignals. Flag protection must be provided whenrequired.

(4) Protection by Special Instructions. Effective onlyon subdivisions where authorized by special instruc-tions, trains will not protect against following extrasunless instructed to do so by train order Form Fexample (4). Protection must be provided to the rear.when required, within the limits of a work extra.

A train dispatcher must not authorize a follow-ing extra until trains affected have been instructed by

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train order Form F, example (4) to protect rear asprescribed by rule. A train must not permit a followingtrain to pass without train order authority. Trains maypass or be passed by work extras without suchauthority. When work extras are authorized, all trains

operating within the limits must be furnished a copy ofthe work orders.

(5) Specific Flagging Instructions. When conditionsrequire that a flagman be sent with specific instruc-tions affecting the movement of a train, suchinstructions must be in writing. When sent on a train,he must ride the engine and show flagging instructionsto the engineer, who must let him off at the locationfrom which protection is to be provided.

(6) Acknowledge When Flagged. When flagged, theengineer must acknowledge stop signals promptly.Flagman must continue giving stop signals until suchsignals are acknowledged and acted upon. Afterstopping, the engineer must be informed of the reasonfor being flagged and be governed accordingly.

(7) Crossing Over or Fouling. When a train crossesover to, or obstructs another main track signaled formovement in one direction, flag protection againstmovements against the current of traffic, as prescribedby rule, must be provided unless advice is receivedfrom the train dispatcher that no movements againstthe current of traffic have been, or will be authorized.When the crew has received this advice they mustnotify the train dispatcher when their movement isclear of the other main track.

(8) Protection in ABS by Lining Switch. When a trainor engine is within ABS limits and flag protection is

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required, such protection may be provided by liningand locking a main track switch against movement onthe main track at or beyond the point where the trainor engine being protected is going to stop movement orclear the main track. If the switch is located within ablock other than the one occupied, movement underthis protection must not be made until 5 minutes afterthe switch has been lined. It must be determined thatthere is no train or engine between the switch and thetrain or engine being protected or within, or closelyapproaching, the block where the switch is located. Aflagman must position himself beyond the switch asufficient distance to enable him to stop a movementapproaching at restricted speed short of the train orengine being protected. He must remain in position toprevent the switch from being returned to normalposition while the movement is being protected.

(9) Protection of Equipment Left on Main Track. Crewleaving equipment on the main track will be relieved ofproviding flag protection for such equipment uponverbal authority of the train dispatcher. The traindispatcher must know that protection is provided. Allcrews which may use the main track at that point mustbe notified of the location of the equipment and mustmove at restricted speed approaching that location.Unless protection is provided by controlled signals, thelocation of the equipment must be given to crewswhich may use the main track at that point by trainorder or track bulletin.

Rule 100. Leaving Portion of Train. When an engineleaves part of its train on the main track, a sufficientnumber of hand brakes must be set to keep thedetached portion from moving. Torpedoes must be

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placed one fourth mile in advance of the detachedportion to serve as a warning to returning crewmembers. Unless return movement is otherwiseauthorized, a crew member must remain to provideprotection against movements which may enter maintrack between detached portion and returning frontportion. A detached portion of a train must not bemoved or passed until front portion returns, exceptunder full protection.

Rule 101. Precautions Due to Unusual Conditions.Trains and engines must be protected against anyknown condition which may interfere with their safety.When conditions exist which may impair visibility oraffect condition of track or structure, speed must beregulated to ensure safe passage and to ensureobservance and compliance with signal indications.

In case of unusually heavy rain, storm, or highwater, trains and engines must be prepared to stopwhen approaching bridges, culverts, and other pointslikely to be affected. If unable to proceed safely, move-ment must be stopped and not resumed until safe to doso. The train dispatcher must be advised of such condi-tions by the first available means of communication.

Rule 101(A). Protection Against Defects. If any defector condition which might cause an accident isdiscovered in track, bridges, or culverts, or if anymember of a train or engine crew has reason to believethat their train or engine has passed over a n ydangerous defect, stop must be made at once, flag pro-tection provided, and train dispatcher notified.

Rule 101(B). Water Above Rail. Trains and enginesmust not be operated over track submerged in water

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until track has been inspected and known to be safe.Engines must not be operated in excess of 5 mphthrough water above top of rail or through water whichexceeds a depth of 3 inches above top of rail unlessauthorized by mechanical supervisor.

Rule 101(C). Handled Safely. Crew members must beaware of speed of train or engine, grade conditions, andindication of air gauge to determine that train orengine is being handled safely and under control. Ifnecessary they must take immediate action to bringthe train or engine under control.

Rule 102. Emergency Stop or Severe Slack Action.When a train or engine is stopped by an emergencyapplication of the brakes, or has had severe slackaction incidental to stopping, the following actionmust be taken:

● If there is an adjacent track which may beobstructed an immediate warning must be given byradio, stating the exact location and status of train orengine. At each end of the train or cars, a lighted fuseemust be immediately displayed on the adjacent track,including tracks of other railroads, and flag protectionprovided in both directions on that track as prescribedby Rule 99, going at least 2 miles if flagging distance isnot known. The flagman may be recalled under thefollowing circumstances:

— When it is known that adjacent tracks are notobstructed.

When control operator has provided protectionin CTC or interlocking limits.

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–Where there is a current of traffic, flagmanprotecting adjacent track for movements against thecurrent of traffic may be recalled upon advice from thetrain dispatcher that no movement against the currentof traffic has been, or will be, authorized.

● Inspection must be made on each side of all carsand units and it must be known that equipment andtrack are in safe condition and that all wheels areproperly positioned on the rail before proceeding. Atrain on an adjacent track receiving radio notificationmust proceed at restricted speed and stop short of anyobstruction or flagman unless advised that the track isclear and it is safe to proceed.

Rule 103. Shoved, Kicked, or Dropped. When cars areshoved, kicked, or dropped over road crossings atgrade, a crew member must be in position at crossingto warn traffic until it is occupied, and each movementover the crossing must be made only on his signal.

Such warning is not required when a warning isprovided by a watchman or gates known to be func-tioning; or shoving cars and the forward end of theleading car are equipped with brake valve or backuphose and air whistle handled by a crew member.

Rule 103 (A). Automatic Crossing Devices. When amovement has been delayed or has stopped within3,000 feet of a road crossing equipped with automaticcrossing warning device, the crossing must not beoccupied by either a forward or a reverse movementunless a crossing warning device has been operatingfor 20 seconds to provide warning. If it is not knownthat such a device has been operating for 20 seconds, acrew member must be on the ground at the crossing to

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warn traffic until the crossing is occupied. Crewmembers must observe all automatic crossing warningdevices and report any that are not working properlyto train dispatcher or proper authority by firstavailable means of communication and give warning toother movements, unless other means of warningtraffic has been provided.

Rule 103 (B). Protecting Adjacent Tracks. When atrain or cut of cars is parted to clear a road crossing notprotected by a watchman, or is standing near suchcrossing, a crew member must be in position to warntraffic against trains or engines approaching onadjacent tracks, when practicable.

Rule 103 (C). Clear of Crossing and Circuit. Cars orengines must be left clear of road crossings andcrossing signal circuits. When it can be avoided, carsor engines must not be left standing nearer than 250feet to road crossing.

Rule 103 (D). Actuating Signals Unnecessarily.Automatic crossing signals must not be actuatedunnecessarily by open switch or by permitting equip-ment to stand within controlling circuit. When thiscannot be avoided, if the signals are equipped formanual operation, a crew member must manuallyoperate the signal for movement of traffic. A crewmember must restore signals to automatic operationbefore crossing is occupied by a train or engine, orbefore leaving the crossing.

Rule 103 (E). Handling Ahead of Engine. Exceptswitching movements or when otherwise necessary,cars must not be shoved. When shoving cars, move-ment must be made at restricted speed unless

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movement is controlled by a brake valve on the leadingcar. When so controlled, and train movement has beenauthorized in that direction, movement may be madenot exceeding 40 mph.

Rule 103 (F). Blocking Public Crossings. A Publiccrossing must not be blocked longer than 15 minuteswhen it can be avoided.

Rule 103 (G). Switching Safely and Efficiently.Personnel performing switching must do so efficientlyand in a manner which will avoid personal injury,damage to contents of cars, equipment, structures, orother property.

Rule 103 (H). Understanding Between CrewsSwitching. Where engines may be working at bothends of a track or tracks, there must be anunderstanding of movements to be made to avoid in-jury or damage.

Rule 103 (I). Precautions Coupling or Moving. Beforecoupling to or moving cars or engines, it must beknown that they are properly secured and can becoupled and moved safely. Couplings must be made ata speed of not more than 4 mph. Slack must bestretched to be sure that all couplings are made.

Rule 103 (J). Shoving or Fouling. When cars or enginesare shoved and conditions require, a crew membermust be in a position where he is clearly seen on theleading car or in advance of the movement to provideprotection. Cars must not be shoved to foul leads oradjacent tracks until it is safe to do so. Unlessprotection is provided, cars or engines must not be leftstanding where they will foul equipment on adjacent

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tracks or cause injury to personnel riding on side of caror engine.

Rule 103 (K). Test Hand Brakes. Personnel must knowhow to operate the type of brakes they are to use.When necessary to control or prevent movement ofcars by hand brakes, tests must be performed toensure that hand brakes are operative before they areused.

Rule 103 (L). Securing Cars or Engines. The air brakesmust not be depended upon to hold a train, engine, orcars in place when left unattended. When train, engine,or cars are left standing, enough hand brakes must beapplied to prevent movement with air brakes released.If hand brakes are not adequate, wheels must beblocked.

Before an engine is detached from a train or cut offfrom cars left standing on a grade, slack must bebunched and enough hand brakes must be set on thedescending end of the train or cars to secure thedetached portion. When the engine is recoupled to thetrain or cars, the hand brakes must not be releaseduntil the air brake system is fully recharged. Whencars are moved from any track and other cars are leftstanding, enough hand brakes must be applied toprevent remaining cars from moving.

Rule 103 (M). Kicking or Dropping. Kicking or dropping of cars will be permitted only when such move-ment can be made without danger to personnel, equipment, or contents of cars. Before dropping cars, crewmembers involved must have a full understanding ofthe movement to be made. The track must be suffi-ciently clear and switches and hand brakes must be in

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working order. The engine must run on straight trackwhen practicable. Cars must not be dropped overspring switches or dual control switches.

Rule 103 (N). Hazardous Materials and High ValueLoads. Cars containing hazardous materials, asdesignated in instructions for handling hazardousmaterials, and cars designated as high value loadsmust not be cut off while in motion; struck by any carmoving under its own momentum; or coupled to withany more force than necessary to make coupling.

Rule 103 (O). Cars Being Loaded or Unloaded. Beforecoupling to or moving cars on tracks where cars arebeing loaded or unloaded, platforms, boards, tank carcouplings and connections, conveyors, loading orunloading spouts and similar appliances orconnections, vehicles, and other obstructions must beremoved and clear; plug-type and swinging doors oncars must be closed and secured. Persons in, on, orabout cars must vacate cars before they are switched.Exercise care to avoid damage to lading of partiallyloaded cars.

If cars are known to be improperly or unevenlyloaded to the extent that there is danger of the loadshifting or falling from car, car derailing, oroverturning they must not be handled. In loading orunloading cars, employees must take precautions toprevent the load from becoming unevenly distributedto the extent that there is danger of the caroverturning or derailing. Any car that has been placedfor loading or unloading, which has not been releasedfor movement, must be returned to original locationunless otherwise directed.

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Rule 103 (P). Switching Passenger or Occupied Cars.Before switching passenger equipment or occupiedoutfit cars, air must be coupled and brake systemcharged. Automatic brake valve must be used in suchswitching. When coupling is made, couplers must befully compressed and stretched to know that knucklesare locked before making air, steam, and electricalconnections.

Utmost caution must be used to avoid roughhandling. Passenger cars or similar equipment oroccupied outfit cars must not be cut off while in motionand no car moving under its own momentum shall beallowed to strike them. When a sign reading“OCCUPIED OUTFIT CARS” is attached to switch,or to cars, cars must not be coupled to nor moved untiloccupants have been notified and permission given bythe foreman or his representative.

Rule 103 (Q). Additional Switching Precaution. Thefollowing equipment must not be unnecessarilyswitched with nor couplings made in a manner thatmay cause damage to equipment or load:

● Passenger or outfit cars.

● Intermodal or TOFC cars.

● Cabooses.• Multi- level loads.● Cars containing livestock.● Open top loads subject to shifting.

Rule 103 (R). Movement Through Gates or Doorways.Before engines or cars are moved through gates,doorways, or similar openings, they must stop. Gates,doorways, or openings must be completely open and

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secured before engines or cars pass through them.There must be enough overhead or side clearances toallow safe passage.

Rule 103 (S). Necessary Brakes Charged. Cars must notbe handled without air brake system charged unlessthey can be handled safely and stopped within requireddistance. If necessary, sufficient number of cars musthave air hoses coupled and brake systems charged topermit controlling movement.

Rule 103 (T). Movements into Spur Tracks.Movements into spur tracks must be controlled to pre-vent damage at end of the spur. When shoving carsinto a spur track, movement must be stopped 150 feetfrom the end of the spur and further movement mustbe preceded by a crew member when it can be donesafely. Movement must be made only on his signal.

Rule 104. Hand Operation of Switches. When spring ordual control switches are operated by hand, they areconsidered hand operated switches. The rulesgoverning hand operated switches apply to them,except that cars must not be dropped over them.

Rule 104 (A). Position of Switches. The person han-dling the switch or derail is responsible for the positionof switches or derails being used. When practicable,crew members on the engine ensure that switches andderails near the engine are properly lined. Personnelhandling switches and derails ensure that they areproperly lined for the route to be used. The points mustt properly and the indication of target or lamp, if so

equipped, must correspond with the position of theswitch. When the operating lever is equipped with alatch, personnel must not step on latch to release the

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operating lever except when throwing the switch.After locking a switch or derail, the lock must betested to know it is secured.

Rule 104 (B). Main Track Switches. The normal posi-tion of a main track switch is for main track movement -

and it must be left lined and locked in that position.Exceptions in which it may be left open are-

• In CTC territory to hold track and time limits.Ž When attended by a crew member or switch

tender.

• During switching operations when it is positivelyknown that no other train or engine will pass over theswitch.

• For another train or engine when attended by amember of that crew.

Ž Within ABS limits, at meeting or passing points,trains operating without a caboose may leave sidingswitch, lined and locked for siding. Train using maintrack must stop and crew members must line and lockthe switch in normal position.

On main track switches so equipped, the target willshow red when lined in other than its normal position.

Rule 104 (C). Crossover Switches and Switches inSidings. The normal position of switches connectingany track, except main track, to a siding is lined andlocked or secured for movement on the siding. Thenormal position of crossover switches is lined for otherthan crossover movement. They must be lined in thenormal position except when changed for immediatemovement through them.

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Rule 104(D). Approaching Movements. Other tracksmust not be fouled nor switches operated whenconflicting movement is closely approaching switch.Except at spring switches, trains must not foul a maintrack or signalled track or pass beyond insulated jointsat clearance point until switches connected with themovement are properly lined. Crossover switches mustnot be unlocked or lined for crossover movement whenthere is another movement approaching or passingover either switch.

Rule 104 (E). Equipped With Locks, Hooks. When notin use, switches equipped with locks must be locked,and switches equipped with hooks or latches must behooked or latched. For movement in either directionover such switches, switch must be latched or securedby placing lock or hook in hasp. For train movement infacing point direction, switches equipped with a lockmust be locked. If a switch lock is missing or defective,it must be replaced. If this cannot be done, the switchmust be spiked and reported at once to the traindispatcher or, when in the yard, to the yardmaster orsupervisor in charge.

Rule 104 (F). Clearing Main Track. A train or engineleaving a main track must clear the main track beforestopping for the trainman who is attending the switch.The switch must not be restored to normal positionuntil the train is entirely clear of the main track.

Rule 104 (G). Restoring to Normal Position. Personnelalighting from moving equipment in order to restorethe main track switch to normal position must, whenpracticable, get off on the opposite side of theequipment from the switch stand.

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Rule 104 (H). Lining Main Track Switch. After lining amain track switch for a train to enter or leave the maintrack, the person attending the switch must go to theopposite side of the main track, when practicable, andmust not return to the switch stand until themovement has been completed. When it is notpracticable to go to the opposite side of the main track,personnel will stand 20 feet from the switch stand.

Rule 104 (I). Clear of Main Track. Except in switchingmovements, when a train or engine is approaching orpassing on a main track, personnel must be 20 feetfrom any main track switch. When a train or engine ison a siding or other track to be met or passed, theperson who is to attend the switch must be 150 feetfrom the switch to be used while the expected train isclosely approaching.

Outside block system limits, if the expected train isnot closely approaching, a crew member will inspectfacing point switches over which the expected trainwill pass to determine if the switches are lined for theroute to be used, that the switch points fit properly,and that the switch lever is secured.

Rule 104 (J). Switches Run Through. Switches, otherthan spring switches or variable switches, must not berun through. If a rigid type switch is run through, it isunsafe and must be protected. The switch must bespiked unless a trackman or other competent employeetakes charge at once. If an engine or car partially runthrough such a switch, the entire movement must becontinued. Reverse movement must not be made overthe damaged switch until it has been spiked orrepaired.

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Rule 104(K). Scale Track Switches. Scale trackswitches must be lined for dead rails, where provided,when scales are not in use.

Rule 104 (L). Derails. Personnel in train, engine, andyard service must know the location of all fixed derails.Controlled movements must not be made over derailsin derailing position. Except when placed in non-derailing position to permit movement, derails must bein derailing position with or without cars on the trackthey protect. Those equipped with a lock must belocked.

Rule 104 (M). Spring Switches. Spring switches areidentified by letters “S”, “SS,” special targets, signs,or lights. Facing point movements over springswitches will be protected by signals or indicatorswhere required. When signal governing movementover a spring switch displays Stop or Stop and Proceedindication, when indicator displays Stop and InspectSwitch indication, or when switch is not protected bysignal or indicator, the train or engine making facingpoint movement must stop. A crew member must testthe switch, unless the switch has been lined fordiverging route or the crew has been advised by trainorder or track bulletin that the spring switch has beenspiked. The test must be made by lining the switchover and back by hand and examining the switchpoints to see that they fit properly.

(1) Trailing Through and Stopping. A train or enginetrailing through and stopping on a spring switch mustcontrol slack and the switch must be lined by handbefore making a reverse movement or taking slack.

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(2) Stopped by Signal. When a train or engine isstopped by a signal governing trailing point movementthrough a spring switch and no conflicting movementis evident, the switch must be operated by hand for theroute to be used unless the signal can be cleared byoperating key release. If the switch equipped with afacing point lock is operated by hand, it must not belined and locked in normal position until aftermovement has been completed.

If the switch is not equipped with a facing point lock,it may be lined and locked in normal position after theleading wheels have passed the fouling point. Thelocation of spring switches equipped with facing pointlocks may be designated in the timetable or generalorder.

(3) Original Position. When practicable, trainmenshould make sure that spring switch has returned tooriginal position after being trailed through.

(4) Snow, Ice Storms. During snow storms, icestorms, or other conditions that may prevent a springswitch from functioning properly, a trailing movementmust not be made through the spring switch until ithas been lined by hand for the movement.

(5) Trailing Movement Facing Point Lock. When atrailing movement is to be made over a spring switchequipped with a facing point lock and the initialmovement of switch points is not to be actuated by theengine, the switch must be lined by hand for themovement and must not be returned to normalposition until movement has been completed.

(6) Spiking Spring Switch. If necessary to spike aspring switch, it must be protected.

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Rule 104 (N). Damaged or Defective Switch. If a switchis damaged, a report must be made to the traindispatcher or, in yards, to the yardmaster orsupervisor. The switch must be spiked unless atrackman takes charge at once. If it cannot be madesafe, protection must be provided.

Rule 104 (O). Use of Sand. Manual sanding should notbe used over movable parts of an interlocking,retarders, spring switches, variable switches, or poweroperated switches when practicable to avoid it.

Rule 104 (P). Protection in Bowl Tracks. Before a trainor yard crew member couples air hoses, adjustscoupling devices, or performs maintenance on bowltrack during humping operations, protection againstcars being released from the hump into the track mustbe provided as follows:

● An individual must notify the person controllingthe switches which provide access from the hump tothe track on which such work is to be performed.

● Upon such notification, any remotely controlledswitch must be lined against movement to the affectedbowl track and personnel must ensure that a locking orblocking device, or reminder, is applied to the controlfor that switch.

• The person must then be notified that the requiredprotection has been provided and such protection shallbe maintained until he advises that work is completedand protection is no longer required.

Rule 105. Movement Other Than Main Track. Excepton track where a block system is in effect, trains orengines using other than main track must be prepared

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to stop within one half the range of vision short oftrain, engine, railroad car, stop signal, derail, or switchnot properly lined.

Rule 105 (A). Sidings of Assigned Direction. Sidings ofan assigned direction must not be used in a reversedirection unless authorized by the train dispatcher orin an emergency under flag protection.

Rule 105 (B). Clear in Siding. When practicable, a trainentering a siding must not stop until the entire train isin the clear.

Rule 105 (C). Cars Left on Siding. Cars must not be lefton sidings unless authorized by train dispatcher exceptin emergency, in which case the train dispatcher mustbe promptly notified.

Rule 106. Responsibility of Trainmen and Enginemen.The conductor and the engineer are responsible for thesafety and protection of their train and the observanceof the rules. Under conditions not provided for by therules, they must take every precaution for protection.

(1) The general direction and government of a trainis vested in the conductor. When trains are combined,if there is more than one conductor, the conductor withthe most seniority will be in charge and all personsworking on the train must obey his instructions.Personnel will not comply with any instructions whichimperil the safety of the train or involve a violation ofthe rules. Should there be any doubt as to authority forproceeding, or safety, the conductor must consult theengineer. The engineer is equally responsible for thesafety and proper handling of the train.

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(2) Conductors and engineers must know that theirsubordinates are familiar with their duties, know theextent of their experience and knowledge of the rules,and instruct them, when necessary, in the proper andsafe performance of their work.

(3) When the conductor is not present, trainmenmust promptly obey the instructions of the engineerrelating to rules, safety, and protection of the train.

(4) Other crew members, after carefully readingtrain orders, track warrants, or track bulletins mustkeep them in mind and assist in their observance. Theymust immediately call the attention of the conductoror engineer to any apparent failure to observe theirrequirements, to clear the main track as required, or tocomply with rules and instructions. When the safety oftrains and observance of rules are involved, other crewmembers are responsible to the extent of their abilityto prevent accident or violation of rules. When theconductor or engineer fails to take action to stop thetrain, and an emergency requires, other crew membersmust take immediate action to stop the train.

(5) The conductor must advise the engineer anddispatcher of any restriction placed on equipmentbeing handled.

Rule 106 (A). Maximum Speed. Conductors andengineers are jointly responsible for ensuring themaximum authorized speed for the operation of theirtrain or engine and such speed must not be exceeded.Passenger speed is applicable only to trains consistingentirely of passenger equipment. When possible to doso, personnel must promptly advise the train

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dispatcher of any known condition that will delay orprevent the train from making usual speed.

Rule 107. Receiving or Discharging Passengers. Whena passenger train is receiving or discharging traffic, atrain or engine must not pass between it and thestation platform unless safeguards are provided.

Rule 108. Safe Course. In case of doubt or uncertainty,the safe course must be taken.

Rule 109. Inspection Passing Trains. Personnel mustinspect passing trains for any dangerous conditions. Ifany dangerous conditions are detected (such asoverheated journals, brakes sticking, wheel sliding,dragging equipment, or insecure lading), they mustgive stop signals to crew members on passing trainand, in addition, advise them of the condition by anyother available means. When practicable, the traindispatcher must be notified at once if train does notstop. If no defect is detected, they will give the proceedsignal. When practicable, the crew member on theengine must advise the crew on the rear of the train byradio when train is being inspected by other personnelor track side warning detector.

Crew members must be on the lookout for track sidewarning detectors and signals from persons inspectingtheir train. If a stop signal is received, a track sidewarning detector activated, or attention called to adangerous condition, the train must be stoppedimmediately and inspected, and determined that it issafe for movement before proceeding.

When a train stops to be met or passed by anothertrain, trainmen on the head end, and a fireman if

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available, must inspect the passing train from theground. If it is safe to do so, a crew member must crossthe track and inspect the side opposite his train.

Rule 109 (A). Train Inspection. Crew members mustmake walking or roll-by inspection of the train whenpracticable. When the train stops en route, walkinginspection of the train must be made as time willpermit.

Crew members must frequently inspect their trainwhile moving and watch for signals and indications ofdefects in track and train, especially on curves andapproaching switches. When inspecting standing ormoving train, crew members must observe the trainclosely for overheated journals, sticking brakes,sliding wheels, improperly positioned wheels on rail,dragging equipment, insecure lading, signs of smoke orfire, or any other dangerous condition. If defects arediscovered while the train is moving, it must bestopped promptly. Any defect found must be correctedif possible. When it is necessary to set out defectivecar, no attempt will be made to move the car to the setout point until making certain that it is safe to do so.

When a car is set out due to the hot box, all fire mustbe completely extinguished, the box lid closed, andprecautions taken to prevent further ignition. Whencars are set out due to defects, the cars and their ladingmust clear other tracks.

Rule 109 (B). Inspection Other Movements. Therequirements for the inspection of trains in Rule 109and Rule 109 (A) will also apply to other movementsexcept when switching.

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Rule 109 (C). Trackside Detectors. Trackside warningdetectors do not relieve personnel from makinginspections required by rules. When a wide loaddetector is actuated at a point where an adjacent trackmay be obstructed, crew must provide protection asprescribed by Rule 102.

Rule 151. Movement Double Track. On double track,trains must keep to the right unless otherwiseinstructed.

Rule 152. Movements Against the Current of Traffic.Movements against the current of traffic must beauthorized by train order or track warrant except asprovided by Rules 93 and 94. Trains and enginesmoving against the current of traffic must be preparedto stop when approaching interlocking and facingpoint spring switches, unless the track is clear,switches are properly lined, and signals indicateproceed. This will not apply at a spring switch outsideof interlocking limits if the crew has been advised bythe train dispatcher that the switch has been spiked innormal position.

Rule 153. Multiple Main Tracks. Where multiple maintracks are in service, each main track will bedesignated by name or number. When necessary, theuse of tracks will be indicated in the timetable.

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CHAPTER 3

TRAIN ORDERS

This chapter gives rules pertaining to movement bytrain orders, the prescribed forms for train orders, andtheir use.

MOVEMENT BY TRAIN ORDERS

Rule 201. Authority, Brevity, Accuracy. For move-ments requiring their use, train orders will be issued byauthority and over the signature of the train dis-patcher. Train orders contain only the information orinstructions essential to such movements. They mustbe brief and clear, in prescribed form when applicable,without erasure, alteration, or interlineation. Trainorders will be plainly written and figures must not besurrounded by brackets, circles, or other characters.Each train order must be given in the same words to allpersonnel addressed.

Rule 202. Initials Under Last Word. The initials of thetrain dispatcher will be placed directly under the lastword in the body of the order. Additions to train ordersmust not be made after they have been completed.

Rule 203. Numbering Orders. Train orders, exceptForm Q and those relating to track conditions, struc-tures, and equipment must be numbered consecutively

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from the beginning of each calendar date. Train ordersForm Q and those relating to track conditions, struc-tures, and equipment must be numbered consecutivelyregardless of date, under a separate series of numbersdesignated by the chief train dispatcher. For example,begin with 501 and continue through 599, then repeat.

Rule 204. Addresses. Train orders showing number,date issued, and place copied must be addressed tothose who are to execute them. Those for a train mustbe addressed to the conductor and engineer. A legiblecopy must be furnished to each person addressed,including each engineer and pilot.

Train orders for engines may be addressed to“YARDMASTER,” to “C&E YARD ENGS” or to“C&E ENG . ” Train orders addressed tooperators affecting the movement of trains must berespected by conductors and engineers the same as ifaddressed to them. Train orders delivered to the crewof a train which will later change direction or identitywill be addressed using the identification of the trainat the point where the orders are received.

Rule 205. Designation of Trains. In train orders andclearances, regular trains will be designated by numberas “NO 10,” adding engine number in train orderswhen known. Extra trains, except work extras, will bedesignated by engine number and direction as“EXTRA 798 EAST.” Work extras will be designatedby engine number as “WORK EXTRA 798.”

When an engine of another company is used, it willbe designated by the initials or name of the Company

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preceding the engine number. When two or moreextras are mentioned in the train orders, the word“TWO” or “THREE,” depending on number, must beused, such as “ENG 210 AND ENG 460 RUN ASTWO EXTRAS” or “MEET THREE EXTRAS 798AND 799 AND 800 NORTH.”

Rule 206. Signal to Copy. To transmit a train order, theword “copy” followed by the number of copies anddirection must be given to each office addressed as“Copy 5 North” or “Copy 7 West.”

At a station equipped with a train order signal, whenthere are no train orders to be delivered, the train ordersignal must display Clear, except at interlocking sta-tions. Before an operator copies a train order, except ata station where the train addressed originates and isrequired to receive a clearance at that station, he mustimmediately display the train order signal at Stop andadvise the train dispatcher “SD” (Stop displayed),adding direction.

When a train order signal is displayed at Stop todeliver train orders, the signal must not be changed toClear until such orders have been copied and deliveredor annulled. It may be changed to Clear upon instruc-tions of the train dispatcher if no orders have beentransmitted.

At a station not equipped with a train order signal,when the operator has been instructed to copy a trainorder, if communications fail before instructions arecomplete, all trains addressed, or all trains in thatdirection must stop and not proceed until communica-tion is reestablished.

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Rule 206 (A). Train Order Signals at InterlockingStations. Except where the train order signal isequipped with a flashing light, train order signals atinterlocking stations must be kept at Stop until theroute is lined and the interlocking signals cleared topermit movement. At that time, the train order signalwill be changed to Clear if there are no train orders onhand for delivery.

Rule 207. Transmitting and Repeating. When verballytransmitting and repeating train orders andclearances, numbers over ten must first bepronounced, then each figure stated separately.Numbers less than ten will be pronounced then spelled.Station names and directions must be pronounced,then spelled.

Rule 208. Writing Train Orders. Operators must notwrite any part of a train order until it has beentransmitted by the train dispatcher. When train ordersare typewritten the letters must be capitalized.Operators receiving train orders must make therequired number of copies during transmission, whenpracticable. A copy of each train order must be kept inthe office file.

Rule 208 (A). Recopying Orders. Except as provided inRule 208(B), when the required number of copies of atrain order cannot be made during transmission,operators must make additional copies from onepreviously repeated. They must then repeat to thetrain dispatcher from the new copies each time addi-tional copies are written. Such copies must show theoriginal time and date they were made complete and

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the name of the operator who recopied the order. Theoperator’s name will not be entered until the order hasbeen repeated and “OK” received. A copy of eachwriting of such orders must be kept, showing the timeand date the order was repeated, for example“repeated (time and date).” The train dispatchermust note the time and date of each repetition and sta-tion from which the order was repeated in the trainorder book.

Rule 208 (B). Duplication. Train orders may be dupli-cated mechanically.

Rule 209. Transmitting Simultaneously. A train orderto be sent to two or more operators must be sentsimultaneously to as many of them as possible. Whennot sent simultaneously to all, the train order must besent first for the train being restricted. When a trainorder has been transmitted, operators must, unlessotherwise directed, repeat it at once from their copiesin the succession in which the operators wereaddressed. Unless excused by the train dispatcher,each operator receiving the train order must observewhether the others repeat correctly, calling attentionto any discrepancy.

When a train order has been repeated correctly, thetrain dispatcher will respond “complete” and give thetime and train dispatcher’s initials. The operator willshow “complete” in the space provided, the time, andhis last name. He must repeat theand the time to the train dispatcherwise provided, deliver a copy to each“Complete” must not be given toother trains until complete has

word “complete”and, unless other-person addressed.a train order forbeen given and

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acknowledgment received from the operator copyingthe order for the train being restricted.

Rule 209 (A). Error in Transmitting. When an error ismade in transmitting a train order before it has beenmade complete, all copies must be immediatelydestroyed, the order marked “void” in the train orderbook, and if reissued, given another number.

Rule 209 (B). Mechanical Transmission. At pointsdesignated by special instructions, train orders andclearances may be transmitted mechanically. When sotransmitted, repetition of train order and clearance willnot be required. Complete time on train order and OKtime on clearance will be given at the time transmittedand the name of the train dispatcher will be showninstead of an operator when not relayed through anoperator.

Train orders restricting a train must not be sent inthis manner unless it is known that the train beingrestricted will not leave the point without receiving thetrain order. Special instructions will prescribe howtrain orders are to be delivered at these points.

Rule 210. Relaying. To relay a train order, the traindispatcher must transmit it to the relaying operator.The relaying operator must repeat the order to thetrain dispatcher and then transmit it to destination.The person receiving it at destination must, afterobtaining the signature of the conductor or engineerwhen required, repeat the order to the relayingoperator. The relaying operator must underscore eachword and number as repeated on his office copy. Therelaying operator will then inform the train dispatcherthat the order has been copied and repeated correctly.

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Complete will be given by the train dispatcher andrelayed to destination, and acknowledgement of com-plete relayed to train dispatcher.

The relaying operator may transmit train orders andclearances mechanically to authorized points, asprescribed by Rule 209(B). In this case the orders andclearances will be repeated by the relaying operatorbefore they are transmitted to destination.

Rule 211. Previous Date. When a train dispatcher musttransmit a train order of a previous date, he will informthe person receiving the order of the original datewhich should be placed in the proper space on trainorder form. When complete time is given, the date theorder is completed will be transmitted by the traindispatcher and the person receiving the order will writeor typewrite the current date with complete time.

Rule 212. Checking Correctness. Immediately uponreceipt of clearances and train orders, they must becarefully checked for correctness by those addressedand then by other crew members. They must beproperly addressed and order numbers on the clearancemust correspond with the orders received. All crewmembers must comply with the requirements of trainorders and remind each other of their contents. Anyerrors, omissions or misunderstanding of a train orderor clearance must be immediately corrected. Unlessauthorized by the train dispatcher, operators may notdivulge information in train orders to be delivered andtrain orders may not be acted upon by other than thoseaddressed, except as provided in Rule 204.

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When an error has been made in the date or addressof a clearance and it is not necessary to change thetrain orders, the clearance may be corrected verballyon the authority of the train dispatcher in the follow-ing manner: “Clearance to C&E (train) at

(station) OK’d at (time) dated (date) s h o u l dread (correct address or date) instead of (incorrectaddress or date) .” These words must be repeated bythe conductor or engineer of train holding clearanceand notation of correction and time it was made shouldbe written on the margin of clearance without other-wise altering the clearance. The conductor andengineer must inform other crew members of the cor-rection made. Record of correction must be made bytrain dispatcher.

Rule 213. Train Orders in Effect. Train orders madecomplete continue in effect until fulfilled, superseded,annulled, or voided. Any part of an order specifying aparticular movement may be superseded or annulled.A train order is fulfilled by complying with itsrequirements.

Except as provided by Rule 214, orders held by orissued for a train, or any part of an order relating to atrain become void when such train loses its authorityto operate as a train. This could happen when a regulartrain loses its authority as provided by Rule 4 orRule 82, when its schedule is annulled, or when anextra train’s authority is fulfilled or annulled.

Rule 214. Retaining Train Orders. Train orders FormsK, Q, T, V, and orders relating to track conditions,structures, or equipment, must be retained and com-plied with on all trips made during the tour of duty on

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which such orders were received, unless they areannulled. Other train orders will be retained andcomplied with when authorized by a train orderreading “RETAIN AND OBSERVE ORDER NO

, NO , AND NO .”

Rule 215. Relieved During Trip. When a conductor orengineer, or both, is relieved before completion of atrip, all train orders, clearances, and instructions heldby them must be delivered to the relieving conductoror engineer. Such train orders, clearances, and instruc-tions must be compared by the relieving conductor andengineer before proceeding. If they cannot bepersonally delivered to the relieving crew, the con-ductor will leave them in an envelope at a locationdesignated by the train dispatcher. The envelope mustshow the correct designation of the train, date, loca-tion, and conductor’s signature.

If the train dispatcher annuls the train orders allsuch train orders and clearances must be removedfrom the engine and caboose by the crew beingrelieved.

The train dispatcher must tell the relieving crewwhere they will pick up train orders before they leavetheir terminal. Train orders, instructions, and perti-nent information must be compared by the relievingconductor and engineer, and with the train dispatcherwhere communication is available, before proceeding.

Rule 216. Issued at Point Restricted. Except at initialstations, a train order must not be issued restricting atrain at the point where the order is to be delivered if itcan be avoided. When it cannot be avoided, the train

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order must state: “ (train) GETS THIS ORDERAT (station) . ” The train being restricted must bestopped by the operator using flagman’s signals, ifnecessary, short of the point where time applies at thatstation, before the train dispatcher may OK theclearance for the restricted train.

When time at that station in a wait order expiresbefore the arrival of the restricted train or before thetrain being advanced to the meeting or waiting pointhas arrived, cleared the main track, and train dis-patcher is notified, the train dispatcher may OK theclearance and the train order may be delivered withoutstopping the train. A train advanced to a station whereopposing train receives the order must approach thatstation at restricted speed expecting to find trainreceiving the order on main track.

Rule 217. Delivery Near Point Restricted. When atrain order restricts a train at a point less than fivemiles from the station at which delivery of the order isto be made, the operator must be instructed to stop thetrain before delivering the order, using flagman’ssignals, if necessary.

Rule 218. Delivery Orders. A train order to bedelivered to a train at a point other than a train orderoffice, or at a point where the office is closed must beaddressed to “C&E AT (or BETWEEN)

CARE OF ” and for-warded and delivered by the person in whose care it isaddressed who is responsible for its delivery.

When delivery is to be made by the conductor orengineer of another train, the numbers of such ordersmust be shown on the clearance of the train making

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delivery and both the conductor and engineer must besupplied with copies. If necessary, the train must bestopped to effect delivery. Clearance addressed in thesame manner as a train order must accompany theorder to be delivered. Such clearance does notauthorize the train to which the order is sent to pass atrain order signal displaying Stop at the station fromwhich clearance was sent. Train orders must not besent in this manner restricting a train unless combinedor delivered with the authority for that train tooperate.

Rule 219. Restricting Orders Requiring Signature.Under the following conditions, a train order restrict-ing a train must not be repeated until the operator hasobtained the signature of the conductor or engineer onthe train order. A train order must not be signed untilboth the conductor and engineer understand that theirtrain will be restricted in the following conditions:

• When a train has received a clearance at that sta-tion, or the train’s engine has passed a train ordersignal displaying Clear.

Ž When annulling the authority of or restricting awork extra.

Ž When necessary for a train dispatcher to knowthat an order has been delivered to the conductor orengineer and that they can comply with the restrictionbefore the order is completed to the other train.

If a clearance has been delivered at that station,before “OK” is given for new clearance the numberedclearance must be annulled by train order; or non-numbered clearance must be returned to the operator

85

who must then mark all copies “Void (time) and(date) ” and keep them on file. This must be

reported to and recorded by the train dispatcher.Previously delivered train orders, addressed to thetrain at that station, need not be returned to theoperator, but new clearance must show the numbers ofall train orders received at that station.

Rule 219 (A). Restricting Order to Crew Member.When a train order restricting a train is to be issued toa crew member, the order must not be transmitteduntil the conductor or engineer has assured the traindispatcher that both conductor and engineer under-stand that their train is to be restricted and they cancomply with the restriction.

Rule 220. Additional Orders Non-Restricting. After aclearance is delivered, if orders are issued for a trainwhich do not restrict it, the train dispatcher mayauthorize additional clearance without requiring theoperator to secure the original clearance. Additionalclearance must show numbers of all orders delivered tothe train at that station.

Rule 221. Clearance Requirements. Except when clear-ances are transmitted mechanically, they must befilled out in manifold by the operator shown withouterasure or alteration. They must include the date, sta-tion, address, total number of orders (if none, show“NO”) and the number of each train order, if any,addressed to that train. Train order numbers must belisted on the clearance in the following sequence innumerical order:

• Slow or cautionary orders.

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● Movement orders of previous date.

● Movement orders of current date.

The operator must then transmit address and ordernumbers from clearance to the train dispatcher, whomust make record and check correctness. If correct,the train dispatcher will give OK, time, and his initials,which the operator will enter on the Clearance with theoperator’s last name. Clearance must not be issuedwithout authority from the train dispatcher. A copy ofeach clearance must be kept for office file.

Rule 222. Train Order Signals. Aspects of train ordersignals are shown by the position of semaphore arms,position of targets, colors of lights, or a combinationthereof as shown in Rules 224, 225, and 226 (seeFigure 4). Where a semaphore type signal is used, thegoverning arm is displayed to the right of the mast asviewed from an approaching train. The indicationdisplayed on a train order signal in a given directiongoverns all trains moving in that direction on anytrack. Light in a color light type train order signal willbe displayed continuously. When any part of a trainpasses a train order signal in Stop position, the trainmust not leave the station without receiving aclearance. One exception is when a train order signal isin the Stop position or light is absent on color lighttype train order signal and an operator is not on duty,a train may proceed without clearance upon advicefrom the train dispatcher that there are no train ordersfor the train at that station.

Rule 222 (A). Special Precautions, RestrictingOrders. To deliver a train order restricting a train at a

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point where a train cannot otherwise be required tosecure a clearance, the train dispatcher must, if prac-ticable, notify and receive acknowledgment of notifica-tion from the conductor and engineer that they are toreceive a restricting train order at that point and mustnot leave without a clearance. A controlled signal,when available, must be used to ensure that the traindoes not pass the point without receiving a clearance.If delivery of a train order cannot be ensured asprescribed by one or both of these means, an operatormust be instructed to stop the train using theflagman’s signals.

Rule 223. Call-on Indication. To enable the traindispatcher to advance a train beyond a train orderoffice at a station where it is restricted for an opposingor following train, the necessary train order must firstbe issued. A Form N train order must then be issued tothe operator, which will authorize him to give one ofthe call-on signals shown in Figure 4 if the timespecified in the order has not expired:

Ž When the approaching train has passed the laststation before reaching the office to which the Form Ntrain order was issued, verbal authority may be givenas follows: “I have a Form N train order to advance

(train) on main track at (station holding Form Ntrain order) until (time) .” If the train cannotarrive at the point where the train orders are to bedelivered by the time specified, the train must notaccept call-on authority.

• At stations equipped with a two-position typetrain order signal, operate the train order signal from

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red to green several times, then immediately restoresignal to display Stop indication.

• At stations equipped with a three-position typetrain order signal, display call-on indication and returnsignal to display red aspect upon acknowledgmentfrom engineer.

• Illuminate letter-type indicators where provided.

When authorized by an operator, this will indicate toan approaching train that orders are to be deliveredwhich will authorize movement to the next station orbeyond, against and ahead of all superior trains. Theengineer must promptly acknowledge call-on signalorally or by sounding whistle signal 15(c) (refer toFigure 3) and proceed on main track to receive orders.If the train is stopped after the engineer hasacknowledged the call-on indication and clearances andorders have not been received, flag protection must beprovided when required.

Figure 4. Train Order Signals

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Figure 4. Train Order Signals (cont)

PRESCRIBED FORMS OF TRAIN ORDERS

Forms with a prefix “S” are for single track andthose with a prefix “D” are for tracks where a currentof traffic is established. The following explanation oftrain order forms applies only to the train orderexamples shown.

Ž ANNA and HOPE are the initial and terminatorstations of the subdivision.

• ANNA to HOPE is westward (or southward).

• HOPE to ANNA is eastward (or northward).

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• Eastward or northward regular trains are even-numbered.

Ž Westward or southward regular trains are odd-numbered.

Ž First class trains are numbered 1 through 10.

Ž Second class trains are numbered 240 through360.

In all examples used, eastward or northward regulartrains are superior to opposing trains of the same class.

Rule 223 (D). Only authorized abbreviations are usedin writing authorizations in CT 401, train orders,clearance forms, and other forms authorized by theTransportation Department. These abbreviations areas follows:

• Initials for signature of the superintendent.

● The standard abbreviations for the names of themonths.

• BC: Burro Crane.

• BDA : blocking device applied.

•BDR: blocking device removed.

Ž C&E: conductor and engineer or motorman.

Ž Cdr: conductor.

• Com: complete.

Ž CP: controlled point.

• CS: controlled siding.

• DC: detector car.

• Ds: train dispatcher.

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• Eng:

• Engr:

• Frm:

Ž HRC:

• Int:

• Jct:

Ž MP:

• MPH:

Ž MW:

Ž No:

• OK:

• Opr:

• Psg:

• RDC:

• Sec:

• TC:

• TCD:

• TV:

• Xra:

Rule 225.

diesel-electric, MU electric or electriclocomotive.

engineer

MW or signal foreman.

highway railcar.

interlocking.

junction.

mile post.

miles per hour.

maintenance of way.

number.

correct.

operator.

passenger.

rail diesel car.

secondary track.

track car.

track car driver.

trail-van.

extra.

Upon arrival of the train at a meeting orpassing point at an unattended station, if the othertrain is not in sight, the conductor or engineer mustfind out from the train dispatcher or operator if thereare any orders.Rule 226. A train order station must not be closed untilpermission is obtained from the train dispatcher.

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Signals, when provided, must then be arranged toindicate “no train orders. ”

EXAMPLES OF TRAIN ORDER FORMS

A train order authorizes the movement of trains notprovided for in timetables. The following sectionshows examples of train orders and explanations per-taining to their use. Train orders maybe written usingDA Form 4092-R (Train Order). Before leaving a trainorder station, a train must first receive a clearanceform. DA Form 4091-R (Clearance Form “A”) is usedin conjunction with DA Form 4092-R. The clearanceform provides the conductor and engineer with a list ofall train orders that apply to their train. A completedsample and instructions for each form are included inthe appendix. Both forms are reproducible. Refer toFM 55-20 for additional information.

Establishing Meeting PointsFor Opposing Trains

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

NO 2 ENG AMTK 500 MEET NO 1 ENG AMTK 505AT DORANO 1 TAKE SIDING

EXTRA 210 EAST MEET THREE EXTRAS 231 AND270 AND 825 WEST AT BESSEXTRA 210 EAST TAKE SIDING

NO 9 ENG 1400 MEET NO 244 ENG 3700 AT BESSAND MEET EXTRA 3300 EAST AT FAYENO 9 TAKE SIDING AT BESSEXTRA 3300 EAST TAKE SIDING AT FAYE

EXTRA 9151 EAST MEET EXTRA 7500 WEST ATSTOCK TRACK GLEN

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EXTRA 7500 WEST TAKE STOCK TRACK

Trains receiving these orders will run with respect toeach other to the designated point and meet in themanner prescribed by the rules.

At meeting points established by Form S-A trainorder, the train order must specify which train willtake siding, except where movements at each end ofsiding are governed by controlled signals. The words“take siding” (or take track) will apply to anydesignated track where trains are instructed to meet.

Form S-A train order must not be used to establish ameeting point between a work extra and another train.It also must not be issued to establish a meeting pointat the beginning of CTC or APB territory, interlockinglimits that include more than one station, at the end ofmultiple main tracks, or at initial or terminatingstations.

Item (4) will be used to establish a meeting point on adesignated track other than a siding.

Directing a Train to Pass orRun Ahead of Another Train

(1) NO 1 ENG 8300 PASS NO 7 ENG 4605 AT EDENNO 7 TAKE SIDING

(2) EXTRA 594 EAST PASS NO 8 ENG 2830 AT CLOYNO 8 TAKE SIDING

The trains will run to the designated point and thenarrange for the following train to pass promptly. Thetrain order must state which train is to take siding.

When an inferior train receives a train order to pass a

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superior train, authority is conferred to run ahead ofthe train passed from the designated points.

(3) EXTRA 9151 EAST RUN AHEAD OF NO 6 ENG 374HOPE TO ANNA

(4) NO 243 ENG 8488 RUN AHEAD OF NO 3 ENG 475ANNA TO HOPE

The first named train is authorized to run ahead ofthe second named train between the points designated.

Under examples (2), (3), and (4), if a train is delayedafter receiving authority to run ahead of a superiortrain, first named train may allow second named trainto pass and the train order will then be consideredfulfilled.

Giving RightOver An Opposing Train

The following examples give the first named trainsuperiority between the points named. Neither train isrestricted by the order except between the pointsnamed unless the order states otherwise.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

NO 1 ENG 500 HAS RIGHT OVER NO 2 ENG 550BESS TO DORA

NO 355 ENG 9500 HAS RIGHT OVER NO 242 ENG8488 DORA TO HOPE

NO 243 ENG 9150 HAS RIGHT OVER NO 242 ENG9100 ANNA TO HOPE

NO 353 ENG 5300 HAS RIGHT OVER NO 242 ENG7607 ANNA TO DORA AND HOLD MAIN TRACKAT DORA AGAINST NO 242

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(5) EXTRA 8445 WEST HAS RIGHT OVER NO 2 ENG500 ANNA TO DORA

If trains meet at either of the designated stations,the first named train must take siding, unless orderotherwise prescribes, as shown in item (4). Item (4)authorizes No 353 to hold main track at Dora againstNo 242 and if the trains meet at Dora No 242 musttake siding.

The inferior train may proceed between the pointsnamed if it is able to clear the time of the superior trainas required by Rule S-87.

Before opposing extras are authorized, unless ameeting point has been established, one extra must bemade superior to the opposing extra by Form S-C trainorder over the entire territory where both extras areauthorized. An exception is when not practicable toestablish superiority over the entire territory whereboth extras are authorized, the extra made superiormust be instructed to hold the main track or takesiding and not leave the point where superiority endsunless the opposing extra has arrived.

(6) EXTRA 8964 EAST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA9302 WEST HOPE TO ANNA

In item (6) both trains are to be authorized as extrabetween Anna and Hope. Extra 9302 West must notleave Anna until Extra 8964 East has arrived Anna,unless authorized to do so by train order.

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(7) EXTRA 7607 WEST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA6681 EAST ANNA TO DORA AND WAIT ATANNA UNTIL 1401BESS 1420CLOY 1445FOR EXTRA 6681 EAST

In item (7) both extras will be authorized betweenAnna and Dora and either extra (but not both) may beauthorized west of Dora. The extra whose authorityoriginates or terminates at Dora has no authority tooccupy the main track at Dora.

Extra 7607 West must not pass the designatedwaiting points before the times given unlessExtra 6681 East has arrived. Extra 6681 East mustclear the times specified at the designated waitingpoints as required by Rule S-87.

If the words “FOR EXTRA 6681 EAST” areomitted, Extra 7607 West must not pass the pointsnamed until the time given.

(8) EXTRA 8982 WEST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA5017 EAST ANNA TO FAYE TAKE SIDING (orHOLD MAIN TRACK) AND NOT LEAVE FAYEUNLESS EXTRA 5017 EAST HAS ARRIVED

In item (8) both extras will be authorized betweenAnna and Hope and it is not practicable to establishsuperiority over the entire territory.

This example must instruct Extra 8982 West not toleave Faye and enter territory where no superiority hasbeen established unless Extra 5017 East has arrived atFaye. It must also instruct the extra made superior to

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take siding or hold main track at Faye as both trainsare authorized at and beyond Faye.

(9) EXTRA 8982 WEST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA5017 EAST ANNA TO CLOY AND WILL NOTLEAVE GLEN UNLESS EXTRA 5017 EAST HASARRIVED

Item (9) will be used when Cloy is the beginning ofcurrent of traffic operation or territory where signalindication supersedes the superiority of trains. If bothextras are authorized beyond such territory, the ordermust instruct Extra 8982 West not to leave that ter-ritory unless Extra 5017 East has arrived.

(10) EXTRA 6574 EAST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA9237 WEST FAYE TO CLOY

In item (10) both extras will be authorized betweenFaye and Cloy. Either extra (but not both) may beauthorized west of Faye. Either extra (but not both)may be authorized east of Cloy. The extra whoseauthority originates or terminates at Faye or Cloy hasno authority to occupy the main track at Faye or Cloy.

Giving Right Over Trainin Same Direction

These examples establish the first named train asbeing superior, by right, over a train moving in thesame direction between the points named.

(1) NO 243 ENG 9950 HAS RIGHT OVER NO 9 ENG6500 (or EXTRA 3301 WEST) ANNA TO HOPE

NO 9 (or Extra 3301 West) must clear the timeof No 243 between Anna and Hope as required byRule 86.

(2) EXTRA 4030 EAST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA7128 EAST HOPE TO ANNA

If no train order waiting time is provided,Extra 7128 East must not occupy the main trackahead of Extra 4030 East between Hope and Anna.

(3) EXTRA 3301 WEST HAS RIGHT OVER EXTRA9150 WEST (or NO 243) ANNA TO HOPE ANDWAIT AT ANNA UNTIL 1405

BESS 1420CLOY 1435DORA 1450

Extra 3301 West must not pass the designatedwaiting points before the times given. Extra 9150West (or No 243) must clear Extra 3301 West betweenAnna and Hope as required by Rule 86.

Time Orders

(1) NO 5 ENG 2900 WAIT ATANNA UNTIL 2045CLOY 2115EDEN 2135

Number 5 must not pass the designated pointsbefore the times given. This order makes the time ofNo 5 at Anna and Bess 2045, at Cloy and Dora 2115,and at Eden and any point between Eden and Hopewhere the schedule of No 5 is earlier, 2135.

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Inferior Trains must clear these later times the sameas previously required to clear the schedule time.

Time Orders

(1) NO 247 ENG 8350 (or EXTRA 2405 WEST) WAITAT BESS UNTIL 1510

CLOY 1520DORA 1535FOR EXTRA 985 EAST

The example giving time on Extra 2405 West mustbe used only after superiority has been established.

Number 247 (or Extra 2405 West) must not pass thedesignated points before the time given unlessExtra 985 East has arrived. Extra 985 East must clearthe times given as required by Rule S-87.

Time given at Dora on Extra 2405 West may also beused by Extra 985 East at any point between Dora andHope.

Time given at Dora on No 247 may be used byExtra 985 East at any point between Dora and Hopewhere the schedule time of No 247 is earlier than 1535.

Forms E and S-E must not be combined in the sametrain order.

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(1)

Relief of Flag Protection

WESTWARD TRAINS (or WESTWARD EXTRAS)EXCEPT NO 247 (or EXTRA 9150 WEST)BETWEEN ANNA AND HOPE WAIT AT ANNAUNTIL 1030

This order relieves the excepted train from pro-tecting against the following trains instructed to wait,between the stations named, until the time specified.

(2) WESTWARD EXTRAS BETWEEN ANNA ANDHOPE WAIT ATANNA UNTIL 1030DORA 1210

A regular train receiving this order will not berequired to protect against following extras betweenthe stations named until the times specified.

Items (1) and (2) must not be issued where there is apreceding train between the designated points.

(3) EASTWARD EXTRAS EXCEPT TWO EXTRAS4082 AND 6680 EAST BETWEEN HOPE ANDANNA WAIT AT HOPE UNTIL 1630

With this order, protection is not required againsteastward extras between the points named until thetime specified, except each of the excepted trains mustprotect to the rear unless it is known the other is aheador the order is modified as follows:

(a) EXTRA 6680 EAST WAIT ATHOPE UNTIL 1210FAYE 1330DORA 1430

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When so modified, Extra 4082 East is relieved fromprotecting against Extra 6680 East until timesspecified.

This example may also be modified by adding:

(b) EXTRA 4082 EAST HAS LEFT HOPE (or EXTRA 4082 EAST HAS PASSED DORA)

Example (3) may be used only on subdivisions whereauthorized by special instructions.

On subdivisions where the use of example (3) isauthorized, trains must not leave the main track unlessa crew member is left at the main track. He must iden-tify his train to any train passing in the same direction.

Examples (1), (2), and (3) must not be issued toinclude any part of the limits of a work extra and mustnot be used to protect an opposing train movement.Reverse movements made under this protection mustbe made at restricted speed.

Train dispatchers must not permit movement of afollowing extra within the limits of the order untilexpiration of time or times stated in such order.

(4) NO 278 (or EXTRA 600 EAST) PROTECTSAGAINST (train) BETWEEN HOPE AND ANNA

Example (4) must be used where Rule 99 (4) isauthorized and it is desired to have a train protectagainst a following extra.

This example may be modified by adding:

AFTER 1430

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When time is shown, both trains must receive copy oforder, and last named train will not leave Hope beforetime specified.

Authorizing Extras

(1) ENG 6400 RUN EXTRA ANNA TO HOPE

(2) ENG 9261 RUN EXTRA ANNA TO DORA ANDRETURN TO ANNA

(3) ENG 240 RUN EXTRA HOPE TO EDEN ANDRETURN TO GLEN

(4) ENG 7607 RUN EXTRA CLOY TO EDEN THENRUN EXTRA EDEN TO ANNA

With examples (2), (3), and (4) the extra must go tothe second named station before running to the lastnamed station. The second named station is the initialstation for the return trip and clearance will not be re-quired if the station is not a train order office or if atrain order signal displays Proceed in both directions.This form of order does not relieve the train from pro-viding protection to the rear, while moving in eitherdirection, where required by rule.

Example (4) must be used when the train is to returnto a point beyond the first named station.

(5) AFTER 1410 (date) ENG 9150 RUN EXTRAANNA TO HOPE

Extra 9150time stated.

West must not leave Anna before the

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(6) AFTER EXTRA 8488 WEST ARRIVES DORA ENG9052 RUN EXTRA DORA TO ANNA

Extra 9052 East must not leave Dora untilExtra 8488 West has arrived.

(7) ENG AMTK 500 RUN EXTRA ANNA TO HOPEWITH RIGHT OVER ALL TRAINS AND WAIT ATANNA UNTIL 0915BESS 0925CLOY 0940DORA 0950FAYE 1010GLEN 1020

Example (7) may be varied by specifying the par-ticular trains over which the extra shall or shall nothave right. Trains over which the extra is given rightmust clear the train order time of such extra asrequired by Rules 86 and S-87.

The extra authorized by example (7) must movewithin yard limits and through the limits of a workextra the same as required of any other extra; and bothtrains must be given example (4) of Form H trainorder, if the work extra holds a train order relieving itfrom protecting against extras.

(8) ENG 9100 RUN EXTRA ANNA TO HOPEMUST NOT LEAVE EDEN UNTIL EXTRAEAST HAS ARRIVED

This example may only be used when Eden

AND8410

is theterminating station for Extra 8410 East and when it isnot practicable to establish superiority or meetingpoint by use of other forms of train orders.

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(9)

Antracktions

ENG 2552 RUN EXTRA ANNA TO FAYETHIS ORDER IS ANNULLED AT 1910

extra so authorized must be clear of the mainat the time specified or protected in both direc-as prescribed by Rule 99. The words “THIS

ORDER IS ANNULLED AT 1910” may be used tomodify any of the above examples except example (7).

These examples authorize the extra to occupy themain track only from the point where its time appliesat the initial station to the point where time applies foran opposing train at the terminating station.

Work Extras

(1) ENG 292 WORKS EXTRA (ON TRACK(S))0645 UNTIL 1845 BETWEEN CLOY AND EDEN

Work extras have no specified direction. The time ofregular trains must be cleared as prescribed by Rules86, 86(B), or S-87. Work extras will be governed bytrain orders with respect to other work extras withintheir working limits. When more than one main trackis included in the limits the order must specify uponwhich track or tracks the work extra is authorized.

On tracks where current of traffic has beenestablished, a work extra must protect against extrasmoving with the current of traffic as prescribed byRule 99 and on other main tracks, a work extra mustprotect against extras in both directions as prescribed

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by Rule 99, unless relieved as indicated in the follow-ing examples:

Example (1) may be modified by adding:

(a) NOT PROTECTING AGAINST EASTWARD EXTRAS

Protection against eastward extras is not required.

(b) NOT PROTECTING AGAINST EXTRAS

Protection against extras is not required.

Examples (a) and (b) may be further modified byadding:

UNTIL 1230 PM

Protection against the extras shown in the modifica-tion is not required until the time specified.

(c) NOT PROTECTING AGAINST EXTRASEXCEPT PROTECTS AGAINST EXTRA2835 WEST AFTER 1510

The work extra must provide flag protection againstExtra 2835 West at 1510. Flag protection againstother extras is not required.

To relieve work extras from protecting againstspecific extras, the following example may be used:

(2) EASTWARD EXTRAS EXCEPT TWO EXTRAS2910 AND 2839 EAST WAIT ATEDEN UNTIL 1610 FOR WORK EXTRA 292EXTRA 2910 EAST WAIT ATEDEN UNTIL 1310DORA 1330 FOR WORK EXTRA 292

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EXTRA 2839 EAST WAIT ATEDEN UNTIL 1410DORA 1430 FOR WORK EXTRA 292

The eastward extras named must not leave thedesignated points until the specified times, unless thework extra has arrived and has been identified asprescribed by Rule 83(A).

Protection against the eastward extras named is notrequired east of the points named until the timesspecified in the order.

(3) ON FEB 17 ENG 292 WORKS EXTRA 0645 UNTIL1545 BETWEEN DORA AND EDEN

This form must be used to authorize a work extra inadvance and may specify more than one date.

When two or more work extras are authorized withinthe same limits, or when the limits of a work extrainclude any part of the limits of another work extra,each work extra must be given a copy of all ordersauthorizing work extras within such limits, and mustbe supplemented by adding (d) or (e).

(d) LOOKING OUT FOR EACH OTHER

When the train order states “LOOKING OUT FOREACH OTHER ” each work extra, while within ter-ritory where their limits overlap, must move atrestricted speed. The work extras will not be requiredto provide flag protection against each other and whenpracticable the conductors and engineers of each workextra must have a thorough understanding of the

107

movements to be made within their overlapping limits.

(e) WORK EXTRA 292 PROTECTS AGAINSTWORK EXTRA 393 BETWEEN BESS ANDEDEN

A work extra so instructed must protect against the work extra specified between the designated points, asprescribed by Rule 99. The second named work extra isnot required to protect against the first named workextra.

On single track when extras are run through thelimits of a work extra, they must be given a copy of theorder authorizing the work extra when this can bedone. When it is not practicable to give a copy of theorder to an extra within, or closely approaching thelimits, example (1) must be modified by adding:

(f) CLEARS EXTRA 201 WEST

The work extra must not enter, or foul, the limitsahead of the extra named in the order. When a workextra has been instructed by train order not to protectagainst extras and it is later desired to have it clear thetrack for, or protect after a certain time againstdesignated extras, a train order may be given in thefollowing form:

(4) WORK EXTRA 292 CLEARS (or PROTECTSAGAINST) EXTRA 76 EAST BETWEEN DORAAND EDEN AFTER 1410

Work Extra 292 must clear (or protect against)Extra 76 East after 1410.

Extra 76 East must not enter the limits before 1410unless authorized by train dispatcher to enter under

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flag protection. After 1410 Extra 76 East can run,expecting to find the work extra clear of the maintrack, or protecting as the order requires.

To enable a work extra to work upon the time of aregular train, the following form will be used:

(5) WORK EXTRA 292 PROTECTS AGAINST NO 10ENG 1402 (or ________ CLASS TRAINS) BETWEENDORA AND EDEN

The work extra may work upon the time of the trainor trains mentioned and must provide protectionagainst such train or trains. The regular train or trainsmust receive a copy of the order and will run expectingto find the work extra protecting.

(6) WORK EXTRA 292 HAS RIGHT OVER ALLTRAINS (ON _______ TRACK(S)) BETWEENDORA AND EDEN 1545 UNTIL 1745

This example gives the work extra right to the trackor tracks mentioned between the designated pointswithin the times specified. Other trains must not enterthe limits. between the times specified unlessauthorized by the train dispatcher to enter under flagprotection.

Form H train orders authorizing work extras conferno authority for the work extra to occupy the maintrack(s) beyond the point where time applies for trainsentering the limits.

Should the work order instruct a work extra not toprotect against extras, such extras must not enter thelimits unless authorized by the train dispatcher toenter the limits under flag protection. If the order

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indicates that the work extra is protecting againstother trains, they will run expecting to find the workextra protecting as prescribed by Rule 99.

The limits or time of a work extra must not beextended but the original order must be annulled and another issued. The limits should be as short as possi-ble. Work extras must give way to all trains aspromptly as possible.

Holding Order

(1) HOLD NO 2 ENG AMTK 500

(2) HOLD ALL (or EASTWARD) TRAINS

When a train has been so held, it must not proceeduntil the order is annulled or an order is given in thefollowing form:

NO 2 MAY GO

These orders will be addressed to the operator.

Form J will be used only when necessary to holdtrains in situations not provided for by other forms oforders. Form J must not be used as a restricting orderto advance trains against other trains.

Annulling a Schedule

(1) NO 1 DUE TOANNULLED ANNA

LEAVE ANNA FEB 29 ISTO HOPE

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(2) NO 1 DUE TO LEAVE ANNA FEB 29 ISANNULLED EDEN TO HOPE

(3) NO 1 DUE TO LEAVE ANNA FEB 29 HASARRIVED EDEN AND IS ANNULLED EDEN TOHOPE

The schedule annulled becomes void between thepoints designated and cannot be restored.

Example (3) will not be issued until No 1 has actuallyarrived at Eden.

Form K must not be combined with other forms oftrain orders.

Annulling an Orderor a Numbered Clearance

(1) ORDER (CLEARANCE) NO 201 IS ANNULLED

If an order or numbered clearance which is to beannulled has not been delivered to a train, the annul-ling order will be addressed to the operator. Theoperator will destroy all copies of the order ornumbered clearance that has been annulled except hisown, and will write the following on his copy:

ANNULLED BY ORDER NO .

An order or numbered clearance which has beenannulled must not be reissued under its original

number.

When train orders or numbered clearances areannulled on any date other than date of issue, the date,

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as well as the number of the order or numberedclearance annulled, must be included in the order.

Annulling Part of an Order

(1) THAT PART OF ORDER NO 202 READING ANDMEET EXTRA 3300 EAST AT FAYE

EXTRA 3300 EAST TAKE SIDING AT FAYE ISANNULLED

(2) THAT PART OF ORDER NO 203 READINGANNA 2045CLOY 2115 IS ANNULLED

Form M will be used only when that part of the orderwhich is not annulled is clear in its wording. If there isany possibility of misunderstanding, the entire ordershould be annulled and a new order issued.

Call-on Order

(1) ADVANCE EXTRA 798 EAST ON MAIN TRACKUNTIL 1101

This form of order addressed to an operator will beused when it is desired to advance an approachingtrain on a main track as prescribed by Rule 223.

The train dispatcher will specify a time to safelyallow an approaching train to move on main track to atrain order signal. If the train has not acknowledgedcall-on indication before the specified time, the

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operator will then restore signal to display Stop andnotify train dispatcher.

Fixed Meeting or Passing PointsFor a Train Handling Equipment

of Excessive Width

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

EXTRA 201 WEST MEET NO 242 (or PASS NO241 ) AT GLEN WITH CENTER SIDING BETWEENTRAINS

EXTRA 201 WEST MEET EXTRA 6911 EAST (orPASS EXTRA 6911 WEST) AT DORA

EXTRA 201 WEST TAKE SIDING AT DORA SOWILL HAVE WESTWARD MAIN TRACK BE-TWEEN TRAINS

EXTRA 201 WEST MEET EXTRA 6911 EAST (orPASS EXTRA 6911 WEST) BETWEEN MP 107AND MP 108 WHERE TRACK CENTERS PROVIDESAFE CLEARANCE

EASTWARD TRAINS MUST NOT MEET EXTRA8300 WEST BETWEEN THE FOLLOWINGPOST LOCATIONSMP 106.6 AND MP 110.6 BETWEEN BESSCLOYMP 120.2 AND MP 120.7 BETWEEN EDENFAYE

MILE

AND

AND

EXTRA 8300 WEST HANDLING LOAD OFEXCESS WIDTH WAIT ATCLOY UNTIL 1430FAYE 1510

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(5) EXTRA 8300 WEST HANDLING LOAD OFEXCESS WIDTH MUST NOT MEET THREEEXTRAS 6500 OR 8809 OR 9506 EAST BETWEENTHE FOLLOWING MILE POST LOCATIONS

MP 212.6 AND MP 210.5 BETWEEN EDEN AND _DORAMP 204.5 AND MP 202 BETWEEN DORA ANDCLOYMP 199.2 AND MP 197.8 BETWEEN CLOY ANDBESS

EXTRA 6500 EAST WAIT ATDORA UNTIL 1210CLOY 1230BESS 1245

EXTRA 8809 EAST WAIT ATDORA UNTIL 1445CLOY 1505BESS 1520

EXTRA 9506 EAST WAIT AT DORA UNTIL 2001

These examples may be used to establish themeeting or passing points at locations that will pro-vide sufficient clearance for train handling equipmentof excessive width.

With examples (4) and (5), if trains are unable toavoid meeting within the indicated locations protec-tion must be provided against movements on adjacenttracks and necessary action taken to ensure safe passage.

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Superseding an Orderor Part of an Order

This order will be given by adding to prescribedforms the words INSTEAD OF .

(1) NO 2 ENG AMTK 500 MEET NO 1 ENG AMTK 505AT CLOY INSTEAD OF DORANO 1 TAKE SIDING AT CLOY

(2) NO 1 HAS ENG 9902 INSTEAD OF ENG AMTK 505

(3) ORDER NO 204 SHOULD READ EXTRA 6601EAST INSTEAD OF EXTRA 6610 EAST

An order which has been superseded must not bereissued under its original number.

A meeting point must not be changed by use ofForm P train order more than once. If further changesare necessary, the previous order must be annulled.When a train is directed by train order to take sidingfor another train and the meeting or passing point ischanged by a superseding order, the superseding ordermust specify which train will take siding.

Train orders issued under Forms S-A, B, S-C, and Dmay be superseded. Other forms must not besuperseded, except as specified herein.

Change of General Orders,Special Instructions or Timetable

(1) DIVISION (or SYSTEM) TIMETABLE (orSPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS) NO 1 TAKES EFFECTAT 0001 APRIL 28, 1985

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Trains and engines must not occupy the main trackafter the effective time and date of new timetable orspecial instructions unless the crews have securedcopies of the new timetable or special instructions.

The following examples must be used when cancel- ling or changing general orders or special instructionsby train order.

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

GENERAL ORDER NO (or SPECIALINSTRUCTIONS ITEM ) IS CANCELLED

GENERAL ORDER NO (or SPECIALINSTRUCTIONS ITEM ) WILL NOTAPPLY TO (train)

GENERAL ORDER NO (or SPECIALINSTRUCTIONS ITEM ) IS CHANGEDTO READ

GENERAL ORDER NO IS IN EFFECT ASFOLLOWS

Any requirement to ensure safety which is removedas a result of changing or canceling a general order orspecial instruction must be reinstated by train order.

General orders or special instructions which arecancelled or changed in this manner must not bereinstated. Train order must be delivered to all person-nel affected until such cancellation or change is issueby a general order and the general order is posted.

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Providing for Movement Againstthe Current of Traffic

(1) NO 1 ENG AMTK 6918 HAS RIGHT OVEROPPOSING TRAINS ON TRACK CLOYTO DORA

(2) EXTRA 600 EAST HAS RIGHT OVER OPPOSINGTRAINS ON TRACK GLEN TO FAYE

The designated train must use the track specifiedbetween the points named and has right over opposingtrains on that track between those points. Opposingtrains must not leave the point last named until thedesignated train arrives.

All trains between the points named moving withthe current of traffic in the same direction as thedesignated train must receive a copy of the order whenpracticable and may then proceed on their schedules orrights.

Examples (1) and (2) may be modified as follows:

AFTER NO 4 ENG AMTK 508 ARRIVES AT EASTCROSSOVER CLOY NO 3 ENG AMTK 510 HASRIGHT OVER OPPOSING TRAINS ON TRACK EAST CROSSOVER CLOY TO DORA

The train to be moved against the current of trafficmust not leave the first named point until the arrival ofhe first named train.

If there is a center siding or more than one crossoverat a station, the train order must specify the pointsbetween which the authority extends.

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In addition to Examples (1) or (2), the followingexample will be used when it is necessary to move atrain against the current of traffic within the limits of awork extra.

(3) WORK EXTRA 292 CLEARS NO 1 (or EXTRA 393-WEST) ON TRACK BETWEEN CLOYAND DORA AFTER 1410

NO 1 (or EXTRA 393 WEST) MOVING AGAINSTTHE CURRENT OF TRAFFIC CLOY TO DORA

Number 1 (or Extra 393 West) must not leave Cloybefore 1410. Work Extra 292 must be clear of specifiedtrack at 1410.

A train must not be moved against the current oftraffic. The track on which it is to run must be clearedof opposing trains between the points named in theorder. Work extras authorized between the pointsnamed in the order must have a copy of train orderexamples (1) or (2) and example (3).

Use of a Portion of Double Trackas Single Track

(1) 0801 UNTIL 1701 MAY 15 ALL TRAINS MUSTUSE TRACK BETWEEN WESTCROSSOVER AT FAYE AND EAST CROSSOVERAT GLENALL TRAINS MUST STOP BEFORE FOULING

TRACK BETWEEN THESE POINTSUNLESS AUTHORIZED TO PROCEED BYPERSON IN CHARGE OF SWITCHES

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This order is to be used when one or more maintracks are to be removed from service and all trains inboth directions are to use the remaining track with aperson in charge of switches at each end of designatedterritory.

Movements between the designated points will bedirected by the train dispatcher who will issuenecessary instructions to the person in charge of theswitches.

The person in charge of switches may authorizemovement on the main track between the designatedpoints by signal indication, verbally, or by proceedsignal given with yellow flag or yellow light.

(2) TRACK WILL BE USED AS SINGLETRACK BETWEEN FAYE AND GLEN

All trains must use the track named between thepoints designated and will be governed by rules forsingle track.

For trains moving against the current of traffic,Rule 91 applies and flag protection must be givenwhen required.

Establishing TemporaryYard Limits

(1) 0601 UNTIL 1601 (date or dates) RULE 93 INEFFECT BETWEEN (points specified)

Trains and engines will be governed by Rule 93between the points and during the time specified.

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Suspending Block SystemSignals or Detectors

(1) BLOCK SYSTEM IS SUSPENDED (ONTRACK) BETWEEN (point) AND (point) AND IS GOVERNED BY RULE 321MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED SPEED PASSENGERTRAINS MPH AND OTHER TRAINS

MPH

This form is used only when authorized by thesuperintendent when it becomes necessary to removesblock system, or a section of it, from service.

The train order must specify the exact locationsbetween which the block system is suspended such aswest switch of siding Cloy or MP 210.

This order may be modified by adding:

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

INTERLOCKING SIGNALS ATREMAIN IN SERVICE

(Direction) TRAINS M U S T U S ETRACK

AUTOMATIC CROSSING SIGNALS ATOUT OF SERVICE

SWITCH AT LINED FORTRACK

SPRING SWITCH AT SPIKEDFOR TRACK

(2) SIGNALS(S) TEMPORARILY REMOVEDFROM SERVICE AND BLOCK EXTENDEDSIGNAL TO SIGNAL

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(3) (Name of detector) LOCATED AT (MP)REMOVED FROM SERVICE

Example (3) will be used to remove track side warn-ing detectors from service. Crews receiving this orderwill disregard specified detector. The order may bemodified to require train to stop and make inspection.

To authorize the automatic cab signal (ACS) devicesto be cut out on the engine on a specified territory, thefollowing form will be used:

(4) 0801 UNTIL 1601 APRIL 4 CAB SIGNALS WILL BEINOPERATIVE BETWEEN ANNA AND HOPE

A train receiving this order will be governed byRules 367 and 372(A).

Check of Trains

These examples must be used to give a train theinformation requited by Rule 83(A).

(1) AT (REGULAR) ( CLASS)TRAINS DUE CLOY (HAVE PASSED) (HAVEARRIVED) (HAVE LEFT)

Example (1) may be modified by adding:

EXCEPT NO

(2) NO 1 AND NO 2 (HAVE PASSED) (HAVEARRIVED) (HAVE LEFT) GLEN

(3) EXTRA 99 EAST (HAS ARRIVED) (HAS LEFT)ANNA ON ORDER NO _______

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Change in Clearanceor Register Requirements

(1) WILL NOT (REGISTER) (REQUIRE ACLEARANCE) AT CLOY

(2) WILL REGISTER AT CLOY BYREGISTER TICKET

(3) MUST SECURE CLEARANCE AT CLOY

(4

(5

EXTRA 371 WESTORDER NO

EXTRA 380 EASTREGISTER AT CLOYON ORDER NO

REGISTER AT CLOY ONOF (date)

(or NO 2) MAY CHECKAGAINST EXTRA 371 WEST_ OF ( d a t e )

Examples (1) and (2) must be used to modify registeror clearance requirements.

Example (3) is used to require a train to secureclearance at the station named.

Examples (4) and (5) must be used to permit a trainto accept the train register as evidence of the arrival ordeparture of an extra train as prescribed by Rule 83(B).

When Example (4) is used, the number and date ofthe specified order must be recorded on the trainregister with other information required.

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Slow or Cautionary Orders

(1) DO NOT EXCEED10 MPH OVER BRIDGE 1360 MP 13625 MPH BETWEEN MP 245 AND MP 247

Where necessary, the stations between which therestriction is located will be included in the train order.

(2)

(3)

(4)

DO NOT EXCEED MPH (ONTRACK) BETWEEN A N D

(PSGR) (FRT) TRAINS MUST NOT EXCEEDMPH BETWEEN MP AND

MP

TRACK (BETWEEN AND) ( o r A T ) MUST NOT BE USED

BY TRAINS OR ENGINES EXCEPT UNDER THEDIRECTION OF FOREMAN (name)

This example is used to exclude a track or portion ofa track from use by trains or engines except whenauthorized by the foreman.

Examples (l), (2), (3), andadding:

(a) 0801 UNTIL 1601

(b) YELLOW FLAG(WESTWARD)

(4) may be modified by

FOR (EASTWARD)TRAINS LOCATED

(or YELLOW FLAGS NOTDISPLAYED)

(5) 0901 UNTIL 1301 BETWEEN BESS AND GLENTRAINS MUST NOT EXCEED 10 MPH AND BE

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PREPARED TO STOP SHORT OF MEN TRACKCARS OR MACHINES FOULING MAIN TRACK

(6) 0810 UNTIL 1010 BETWEEN ANNA AND CLOY1010 UNTIL 1210 BETWEEN CLOY AND EDEN 1210 UNTIL 1510 BETWEEN EDEN AND HOPETRAINS MUST NOT EXCEED 10 MPH AND BEPREPARED TO STOP SHORT OF MEN TRACKCARS OR MACHINES FOULING MAIN TRACK

With examples (5) and (6), between the timesspecified, trains must approach the designated limitsexpecting to find men, track cars, or machines foulingthe main track without flag protection and without useof yellow and green flags displayed. Trains must pro-ceed through limits prepared to stop short of men,track car, or machines fouling the main track.

(7) (25) CARS ON SIDING BESS SOUTHSWITCH HOUSE TRACK CLOY MUST NOT BEUSED

Protecting Men and Equipment

(1) ON (date) ON SUBDIV RULES APPLICABLETO TRAIN ORDER FORM Y EXAMPLE (1) WILLGOVERN WITHIN THE FOLLOWING LIMITS

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During the time and within the limits stated in trainorder Form Y, example (1), trains and engines mustmove at restricted speed and stop short of men andmachines fouling the track or a red flag placed to theright of the track. This example should be followedunless verbally instructed otherwise as prescribedbelow or unless the entire train has passed a green flagor has cleared the limits.

The engineer must attempt to contact the person incharge by radio sufficiently in advance to avoid delay,advising his location and specifying track.

In granting verbal authority the following words willbe used:

“FOREMAN (name) (of GANG NO )USING TRAIN ORDER NO LINE NOBETWEEN MP AND MP ONSUBDIVISION.”

(a) To authorize a train or engine to pass a red flag orenter limits without stopping, the following will beadded:

“ (train) MAY PASS RED FLAG LOCATED AT MP(OR ENTER LIMITS) WITHOUT STOPPING. ”

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A train or engine may pass a red flag or enter limitswithout stopping, continuing to move at restrictedspeed stopping short of men or equipment foulingtrack.

(b) To authorize a train or engine to proceed at a speed greater than restricted speed, the following willbe added:

“(train) MAY PROCEED THROUGH THE LIMITS ATMPH” (OR “AT MAXIMUM AUTHORIZED

SPEED”).

Train may proceed through the limits at theprescribed speed unless otherwise restricted.

(c) TO require a train or engine to move at a speedless than restricted speed, the following will be added:

“ (train) PROCEED AT RESTRICTED SPEED BUTNOT EXCEEDING _________ MPH” (ADDING IFNECESSARY “UNTIL REACHING MP _____ _ ,,)

A train must not exceed the prescribed speed andmust be prepared to stop short of men or equipmentfouling the track or a red flag to the right of the track.These instructions must be repeated by the engineerand “OK” received from the person giving them beforethey are acted upon.

When the word STOP is written in the Stop column,train or engine must not enter the limits until verbalauthority is received from the person in charge a,prescribed by example (a) above.

Yellow flags must be displayed as prescribed byRule 10.

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(2) RAIL DETECTOR 9171 (or OTHER ON-TRACKMACHINE) IN CHARGE OF (occupation)

(name) ON TRACK BETWEEN (stationor point) A N D (station or point) (CLEARSEXTRA 900 WEST OTHER) TRAINS MUSTAPPROACH AND PROCEED AT RESTRICTEDSPEED WITHIN THE FOLLOWING LIMITS UNTIL

(title and name) HAS REPORTED THE LIMITSC L E A R (time) UNTIL (time) B E T W E E N

(station or point) AND (station or point)A N D ( t ime) U N T I L ( t ime) BETWEEN

(station or point) AND (station or point)

The machine named may occupy the specified trackand move in either direction at restricted speed, withinthe specified limits, between times given, without flagprotection and without the use of temporary signsprescribed by Rule 10. If the machine fails to clear themain track by the time required, it must be protectedby the flagman as prescribed by the rules.

A line-up of trains expected to enter the workinglimits must be issued to the person in charge of themachine and the machine must give way to all trainspromptly.

Trains must approach the limits specified atrestricted speed. If the employee in charge has notreported the limits clear or the machine named has notbeen passed, movement through the limits must bemade at restricted speed between the times given.Employees must be prepared to find the machine foul-ing the main track without flag protection and without

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the use of temporary signs prescribed by Rule 10. Ifthe machine has been reported clear to a train, or hasbeen passed by a train, the machine must not foul themain track ahead of such train unless flag protection isprovided.

In ABS territory, if specified limits include yard limits, trains must move at restricted speed withinyard limits regardless of signal indication while withinlimits of this order unless they have been notified thatthe machine is clear or the machine has been passed.

S-227. Absolute Block Register Territory. On subdivi-sions or portions thereof, designated by timetable asabsolute block register territory, extra trains may beoperated without train order authority, subject to thefollowing:

A train register labeled “Absolute Block Register(name or number) Subdivision” will apply only to atrain operating on the designated subdivision.

Before leaving the initial station of the designatedterritory, the conductor must register the train in theusual manner in the register, adding “Rule S-227” andthe date. Upon returning to the initial station, the con-ductor must register the train in the usual manner onthe same line on the opposite page of the register,adding “Rule S-227” and the date. If there is no con-ductor, the engineer will register the required informa-tion. Until a train registered out of the initial station ofa territory designated as absolute block register ter- ritory has registered the return of the train to theinitial station, no other train may enter the designatedterritory except as authorized by train order.

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Flag protection is not required in either direction andRule 82(A) will not apply in absolute block registerterritory.

If it is necessary to authorize a second train intoabsolute block register territory, the train dispatchermay authorize a second train into the designatedterritory by issuing a train order to both trains in thefollowing words:

E X T R A (direction) BETWEEN MP AND MP ______ MUST REMAIN AT

LOCATIONENG MAY REGISTER AND ENTER ABRTERRITORY TO REACH EXTRA

(direction)

The second named train may enter designated ter-ritory and approach location of the first named train,and must be prepared to stop. Upon the arrival of thesecond named train at the location of the first namedtrain, the train order is fulfilled and further movementmust be made as one train. The conductor of thesecond named train must register both trains out ofthe designated territory. Except as affected byRule S-227, all other operating rules remain in effect.

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CHAPTER 4

SIGNAL ASPECTS

Signal aspects are shown by the position ofsemaphore arms, the color, flashing, and position oflights or any combination thereof. They may bequalified by marker plate, number plate, letter plate, ormarker light. The signal aspects illustrated by thefigures shown in these rules, show both color light andsemaphore aspects. Signals may display either colorlight aspects alone, or semaphores in addition to colorlights.

DISTANT SIGNALS

Rule 228. Green.

Name — Distant Signal Clear.

Indication — Proceed.

If a train or engine is delayed between distant signalclear and block signal, interlocking signal or switchpoint indicator, it must then proceed and be preparedto stop short of next signal or switch point indicator.

Rule 229. Yellow.

Name —Distant Signal Approach.

Indication— Approach next signal pre-pared to stop short of next signal orswitch point indicator.

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The maximum speed in interlocking limits for which“DISTANT SIGNAL APPROACH” is displayed at adistant signal, is 20 mph.

Rule 230. Clear. The train may proceed. Aspect of colorlight is green.

Rule 236. Approach. The train proceeds prepared tostop at next signal. Trains must not exceed 40 mph.Aspect of color light is yellow, yellow over red, yellowover double red, or yellow over dark.

Rule 240. Restricting. Proceed at restricted speed.Aspect of color light is flashing red or red over flashingred.

Rule 241. Stop and Proceed. Stop, then proceed atrestricted speed. Aspect of color light is single red,double red, or red over dark. Signal staff must havenumber plate on staff.

Rule 242. Stop. The train must stop. Aspect of colorlight is single red, double red, triple red, or red overdark.

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CHAPTER 5

BLOCK SIGNALS

This chapter covers track permits within ABSterritory, movement and protection of trains on maintrack, rules governing the block system, and ruleswithin centralized traffic control limits.

TRACK PERMITS WITHIN ABSTERRITORY

Rule S-250. Track Permit. When authorized by specialinstructions, between specified points, a train may oc-cupy a main track on the authority of a track permitissued by designated personnel under the direction ofthe train dispatcher. Trains may move in either direc-tion without flag protection during the effective timeand within the limits of the track permit.

A track permit may be issued only when it is knownthat the limits are clear. Limits may be entered only onproceed indication of controlled signal or upon verbalauthority of the person granting the permit, If a trainenters limits on a signal other than a proceed indica-tion of block or interlocking signal, signals protectingthe limits must display Stop indication for at least5 minutes before occupying the limits.

Signals are arranged to show that limits are pro- tected by Stop indication of blocks or interlockingsignals while the limits are occupied. No other move-ment is permitted into the limits. Track permit limits

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must be continuously occupied or main track switchleft open. Personnel requesting track permit mustrepeat it and receive “OK” before it is acted upon.

Personnel granting track permit must record it onthe prescribed form. Not more than one track permitmay be in effect at any time within the same limits. Atrain must be clear of the limits before the time expiresor flag protection must be provided in each direction.

MOVEMENT OF TRAINSWITH THE CURRENT OFTRAFFIC ON A MAIN TRACK

Rule 251. Movements Governed. Within defined limitson designated tracks specified in the timetable, or byspecial instructions, trains will run with the current oftraffic goverened by block signals without regard totimetable superiority. The train dispatcher will issueverbal and message instructions.

PROTECTION ON MAIN TRACKSWHERE CURRENT OF TRAFFICHAS BEEN ESTABLISHED

Rule 252. Track Permit. When authorized by special in-structions between specific points within territorywhere the current of traffic has been established, atrain, track car, machine, or personnel may occupy amain track or tracks on authority of track permit. Thetrack permit is issued by a designated control operatorunder the directon of the train dispatcher. The train,track car, machine, or personnel may then move ineither direction on such tracks within the limits during

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the effective time of the track permit without trainorder authority or flag protection.

A track permit is issued only when the limits areclear or occupied by train, track car, machine, or per- sonnel granted track permit and where the limits canbe protected by controlled signals. The designatedcontrol operator must ensure that each of the signalsused to protect the limits has been set to display Stopindicators; that marking or blocking devices have beenapplied to prevent displaying signals for movementinto the limits; and that any other control operatorwho controls the signals used to protect the limits hasacknowledged understanding of the protection order.

Marking or blocking devices must not be removed,or movement into the limits permitted, until limitshave been cleared or released to the control operator.The person requesting a track permit must repeat itand receive “OK” before it is acted upon. The controloperators will record the track permits on the pre-scribed form.

Track permit limits must be cleared and reportedclear to the control operator before time expires. If thetrack permit is to be released before the time expires,all equipment must be clear of limits and that factreported to the designated control operator. If no othertrack permit has been granted within the same limits,the train may release the permit and move with thecurrent of traffic. The train is governed by signal in-dications upon authority of the designated control

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operator in the following manner: “Track permitgranted (train) o n (track(s)) between (point)and (point) released for movement with the currentof traffic on (track) at (time).”

If track permit limits are not clear by the time per- mit expires, no movement may be made against the

current of traffic without a train order authority orflag protection. Train movement with the current oftraffic must be made at restricted speed unless it isknown that there is no other track permit in effect inthe same limits. If more than one track permit is ineffect at any time within the same limits or overlap-ping limits, all trains or personnel involved must benotified and movements must then be made atrestricted speed.

ABSOLUTE PERMISSIVE BLOCK

Rule 255. Governed by Block Signals. Within definedlimits designated in the timetable or by special instruc-tions as absolute permissive block (APB), trainmovements will be governed by block signals whose in-dications will supersede the superiority of trains forboth opposing and following movements on the sametrack.

BLOCK SYSTEM RULES

Rule 300. Location of Signals. Block and interlockingsignals, when viewed in the direction of movement, areindicated generally to the right of the track, but may beindicated to the left or above such track. Two signalsmay be bracketed and located on a supporting mast fordisplaying indications for two tracks. When viewed inthe direction of movement, the signal to the right

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governs the track to the right, and the signal to the leftgoverns the track to the left.

Rule 301. What Signals Govern. Block signals, cabsignals or both, govern the use of blocks, but unlessotherwise specified do not supersede the superiority trains.

Interlocking signals govern the use of the routes ofan interlocking, and as to movements within interlock-ing limits, their indications supersede the superiorityof trains. Where a track is signaled beyond the in-terlocking limits in the direction of movement, the in-terlocking signal is also a block signal. The indicationsof block and interlocking signals do not dispense withthe use or observance of other signals and ruleswhenever or wherever they may be required.

Rule 302. Improperly Displayed Signals or Absence ofLights. Except as shown in block signal, cab signal,and interlocking signal indications, the absence of alight, or the presence of a white light displayed where acolored or lunar light should be, on a block or interlock-ing signal must be regarded as the most restrictive in-dication that can be given by that signal. Except whenthe position of the semaphore arm is plainly seen, suchindication will govern.

Rule 303. Where Stop Must Be Made. Trains muststop before any part of the engine or equipment beinghandled passes a signal that requires trains to stop.Within CTC territory or interlocking if a train overruns a Stop indication, warning must be given to othertrains at once by radio, and flag protection must beprovided immediately against possible conflictingmovements. If a train overruns a signal that requires it

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to stop, the train must stop and the fact must bereported to the train dispatcher.

Overlaps may be indicated by overlap signs. A trainholding the main track at a meeting point must not

pass the overlap sign location, nor open the switchwithin the overlap, until the opposing train has enteredthe block. A preceding train must clear the overlap assoon as practicable to avoid delay to a following train.

Rule 303(A). Changing Established Route. After a con-trolled signal has been cleared for an approachingmovement, it must not be changed before a closelyapproaching train has passed it or has been stopped, ex-cept to avoid an accident. A conflicting route must notbe established, nor should a conflicting movement beauthorized, until communication has been establishedwith the crew of an approaching train, and it is knownthat such train has stopped clear of the conflictingroute. No attempt shall be made to establish a con-flicting route into an occupied block or interlockinglimits, nor will a conflicting movement be authorized,unless it is known to be safe to do so. The device con-trolling a switch, derail, movable point frog, or lockmust not be operated when any portion of a train is onor closely approaching such equipment.

Rule 303(B). Protection if Damaged. If a signal orsignal appliance fails to function as intended, or ifdamage occurs to the track or signal appliances,signals governing movements on routes affected mustdisplay Stop indication. No movements on such routesmay be permitted until track and signal applianceshave been examined and it is determined that move-ment can be made safely.

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Rule 303(C). Protection While Repairing. Within CTCor interlocking limits, when a track, switch, movablepoint frog, derail, or signal is undergoing repairs, isdisconnected, or the track is obstructed or removedfrom service, Stop indicators must be displayed for allroutes affected. Controls involved must be blocked or marked in a manner to prevent their operation.Switches, movable point frogs, and derails must bespiked or otherwise secured in the required position ifany movement is permitted over them before repairsare completed.

Rule 303(D). Authority to Proceed. Within CTC limitsor at interlocking, except when granting track andtime limits, control operators must not give handsignals or verbal permission authorizing movementbeyond a Stop signal when a proceed indication can bedisplayed for the movement.

At interlocking, when a control operator gives handsignals, they must be given with a yellow flag or yellowlight from a location and in such a manner that therecan be no misunderstanding on the part of the crewmembers as to the signals or the train for which theyare intended.

Ruled 303(E). Reporting Delays. When a proceed in-dication has been displayed on a controlled signal, ifmovement cannot be made promptly, the controloperator must be notified immediately.

Rule 303(F). Block Occupancy Indicator. Where blockoccupancy indicators are located individuals mustobserve the indication displayed before fouling circuit

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or changing derail or main track switch. When an oc-cupied indication is displayed, the main track must notbe fouled, unless the movement is properly protected.An indication displayed by a block occupancy in-dicator is not authority for a train or engine movementand does not relieve individual from protectingmovements as required by the rules.

Rule 304. Change of Indication. If a signal indicationpermitting a train to proceed changes to a stop indica-tion before the train reaches the signal, the train muststop immediately. Such an occurrence must bereported to the train dispatcher.

Rule 305. Delayed Within a Block. If a train passes adistant signal displaying Clear or enters a block on aproceed indication, other than one requiring movementat restricted speed, and stops or reduces speed below10 mph, it must proceed at restricted speed until thenext signal indicates proceed and the track is clear tothat signal.

One exception to this rule is that within CTC limits,a train may proceed at a speed not exceeding 40 mphand must be prepared to stop at the next signal until itcan be seen that the next signal indicates proceed andthe track is clear to that signal.

Rule 306. Clear Track Circuits. A train, engine or carleft standing on sidings or other tracks must be clear ofinsulated joints at clearance points.

Rule 307. Most Restrictive Indication. If a signal failsto display its most restrictive indication when a blockis occupied or when a switch protected by that signal is

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changed from its normal position, the signal must beregarded as displaying its most restrictive indication.A flagman must be left to stop trains governed by suchsignal before passing it and inform the crew of the con-dition. Such protection must be provided until relievedby signal department personnel or by instructions from the train dispatcher. In all cases, the train dis-patcher must be notified by the quickest means ofcommunication.

Rule 308. Call Lights. When a call light is illuminated,any personnel observing it, except those on movingtrains, must communicate at once with the controloperator.

Rule 309. Standing on Sanded Rail. An engine withoutcars, an engine with less than three cars, or cuts of fourcars or less, must not be allowed to stand on sandedrail.

Rule 310. Lining Controlled Signals. Controlled signalsmust be displayed at their most restrictive indication.Signals must be cleared sufficiently in advance of amovement to avoid giving an unnecessary restrictiveindication. Remote control switches which have beenreversed must be restored to normal position as soonas practicable after a movement has been completed.

Rule 312. Stop Indication. The following proceduresapply when a train is stopped at a signal displaying aStop indication and no conflicting movementevident:

(1) In CTC territory, unless a train has been grantedtrack and time limits on track goverened by that

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signal, a crew member must immediately communicatewith the control operator. Upon instructions

“ (train) at (location) has permission to passsignal displaying Stop indication, ” specifying routewhere applicable, the train may proceed at restricted

speed. Before granting authority to proceed, thecontrol operator must ensure there is no conflictingmovement occupying, or authorized to enter, the trackbetween that signal and the next absolute signalgoverning movement, or to the end of CTC where ap-plicable. However, the following exceptions do apply:

• When there is a conflicting movement, if suchmovement has been stopped and the crew has been ad-vised of the move to be made, authority may begranted to proceed. If the movement which has beenstopped is later permitted to proceed, movement mustbe made at restricted speed until reaching the nextgoverning signal.

• Where so equipped, the emergency push buttonlocated in the signal cabin at dual control switch loca-tions will be used for the desired direction upon receiptof instructions from control operator. If a proceed in-dication is received, the train may proceed according tosignal indication.

• If unable to communicate with control operator,the emergency push button may be used and if the

signal changes to proceed indication, the train mayproceed at restricted speed, regardless of morefavorable signal indication. The train must keep a closelookout for men or track maintenance equipment on or

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afoul of the track without flag protection until instruc-tions are received from the control operator to proceedin accordance with signal indications.

(2) At manual interlocking, if no conflicting move-ment is evident, the crew member must immediately communicate with the control operator. Upon receiptof a proceed signal given with yellow flag or yellowlight or verbal authority from control operator inwords ‘‘ (train) a t (location) has permission topass signal displaying Stop indication, ” the train mayproceed at restricted speed. Before granting authorityto proceed, the crew member must know that there areno conflicting movements, that the route is properlylined, and that if movement is to be made into CTC ter-ritory, permission must first be obtained from CTCcontrol operator.

Where authorized by special instructions, if unableto communicate with control operator, a train may pro-ceed after occupying the track within interlockinglimits, but clear of any conflicting route; after waitingthe time specified in special instructions; and after acrew member has preceded movement and determinedthat route is properly lined.

When no control operator is on duty and interlockingcannot be operated by a crew member, the train mayproceed after a flagman has preceded the train, ex-amined the track for defects, determined that the routeis properly lined and that protection is given onconflicting routes. If signals or derails are not in posi-tion to provide protection on conflicting routes, flagprotection must be provided on such routes.

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In addition, if the signal governs movement over adrawbridge, a crew member must make sure that thebridge is in proper position for the passage of trains.Movement out of interlocking limits into territorywhere track permits are authorized must not be madeexcept as prescribed by Item (5) of this rule.

(3) At automatic interlocking movement will begoverned by the instructions in release box. If there isa conflicting movement, the train must not proceeduntil such movement has passed or has stopped and anunderstanding has been reached between the crews.

(4) Within ABS limits, except where superiority oftrains is superseded by signal indication or track per-mits are authorized, a train that is otherwise autho-rized to proceed, may proceed at restricted speed afterstopping. However, if the signal governs movementfrom siding or other track to main track, if the block isoccupied by a standing train, if the engine or cars andthe switch to be used are within same block, or ifRule 94 is in effect, the main track switch must beopened. After waiting five minutes, the train may passsignal to enter the main track. Personnel attending theswitch must remain at the switch during the 5-minuteperiod.

(5) Where track permits are authorized or withinAPB limits, a crew member must immediately contactthe train dispatcher. Upon instructions ‘‘ (train) at

(location) has permission to pass signal displayingStop indication, ” the train may proceed at restrictedspeed. Such instructions may be issued only when

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there is no track permit in effect and there is noconflicting movement. If unable to secure authorityfrom the train dispatcher, the train must not proceeduntil such authority is received or the signal displays aproceed indication.

Rule 313. Stop and Proceed Indication. At a signaldisplaying a Stop and Proceed indication the train willstop, then proceed at restricted speed; or the train maypass the signal at restricted speed without stoppingfor the following reasons:

• To leave main track when it is seen that the switchis lined for movement and the track is clear from signalto clearance point.

• To continue on main track when meeting or pass-ing a train and it is known that the main track is clearto point at opposite end of siding where main track isfouled by train on siding.

• To permit an engine, with or without cars, tocouple to its train or a standing cut of cars whenintervening track is seen to be clear.

• To enter a switch which is not more than 1,000feet beyond signal and the movement has receivedauthorization from the employee in charge of theswitch.

• In CTC territory, when a train is proceeding fromthe Stop indication on the authority of the control operator as prescribed by Rule 312. (This will apply toeach succeeding signal displaying Stop and Proceedindication.)

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• When a train is moving within track and timelimits.

Rule 314. Movement from Signal Requiring RestrictedSpeed. When a train passes a signal requiring move-ment at restricted speed, movement must be made atrestricted speed to the next governing signal or to theend of block system.

Rule 315. Hand Operation of Dual Control Switches.When authority has been obtained, or track and timelimits have been secured from the control operator inCTC territory, or when permission has been obtainedfrom the control operator in other territory to operate adual control switch by hand, the switch may beoperated as follows:

• Unlock switch lock.

• Place the selector lever in HAND position orremove the hand crank from holder.

• Operate the hand throw lever until the switchpoints are seen to move with movement of lever.

• Line the switch for the route to be used, or insertcrank on shaft and turn until the switch is in desiredposition and turned as far as possible. Remove crankfrom shaft but do not return to crank holder.

• To return the switch to power, restore selectorlever to POWER or MOTOR position and lock, orreturn crank to holder and secure it with the switchlock. After the switch has been restored to power, thecontrol operator must be notified.

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When the selector lever is in hand position or whenthe crank has been removed from the holder, signalsgoverning movements over the switch will displayStop indication and will be superseded by handsignals. If possible, the engineer must be notified whenthe switch has been placed in hand operation and whenit has been restored to power operation.

Rule 315(A). Dual Control Switches and Derails. Beforeproceeding from a Stop indication over a dual controlswitch or derail, the crew member must precede themovement and examine each dual control switch orderail to see that it is properly lined and that selectorlever or hand crank, if present, is in the proper posi-tion. The crew member must remain at switch or derailuntil leading wheels have passed the signal governingmovement over the switch or derail.

If the control operator cannot line the dual controlswitch or derail to the desired position, or the indica-tion of the control machine does not show that theswitch or derail is lined and locked, he must require thecrew member to operate it by hand. The crew membermust also ensure that the switch is properly lined,restored to power operation, and the control operatoris notified. If the signal still indicates Stop and thecontrol machine does not indicate that the switch orderail is properly lined and locked, repeat the pro- cedure. After at least one unit or car has passed overthe switch points or derail, it must be returned topower.

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Rule 316. Reverse Movement. All reverse movementswithin a block must be made at restricted speed. Onany track where APB is in effect, a reverse movementmust not be made without flag protection or authorityfrom the train dispatcher. On any track where CTC isin effect, a reverse movement must not be madewithout flag protection or authority from the controloperator. Outside CTC limits, a train having passedbeyond the limits of a block must not back into thatblock without flag protection, except where Rule 93 orRule 94 is in effect or the movement is protected by atrain order or a track warrant.

Rule 316(A). Reverse Movements at Interlocking. Areverse movement within the limits of an interlocking,or a forward movement after making a reverse move-ment, must not be made unless authorized by an in-terlocking signal indication or unless permission isgiven by the control operator. At automatic interlock-ings, reverse movements may be made if the train mak-ing the movement continuously occupies at least onecar length of interlocking limits.

Rule 317. Entering Main Track at Hand Operated orSpring Switch. Within CTC territory, manual in-terlocking limits, or territory where Rule S-250 orRule 252 is authorized, a train may enter the maintrack at hand operated or spring switch where there isno governing signal only on authority of control

operator. The control operator must make sure thatthere are no conflicting movements before grantingsuch authority.

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In other territory within block system limits, thecrew member or switch tender must open the switchand wait 5 minutes at the switch to establish blocksignal protection before the train enters the maintrack. The 5-minute wait is not required in the follow-ing circumstances:

• Where switch is equipped with an electronic lock.

• Where block occupancy indicator indicates blockclear.

• When block signal governing movement to maintrack displays a proceed indication.

• When signals governing movements on maintrack indicate no train is approaching from eitherdirection.

• Where block to be entered is occupied by a train,engine, or car that is either standing or moving awayfrom the switch to be used.

• Outside yard limits when entering a main track formovement against the current of traffic.

• Where Rule 94 is in effect, provided movement isnot made beyond Rule 94 limits for 5 minutes aftermain track circuit is fouled unless authorized by a pro-ceed indication of a controlled signal.

Rule 318. Entering Block Between Signals. A train entering a block where there is no governing signalmust move at restricted speed to the next governingsignal.

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Rule 319. Electrically Locked Switches and Derails.Operation of switches and derails equipped with elec-tric locks may be governed by general order, special in-structions, or instructions posted near the switch.Within interlocking or CTC limits, personnel must notopen door of case or unlock an electrically lockedswitch or derail without the authority of the controloperator except to leave the main track or other trackwhere CTC is in effect.

• The seal on the electric lock’s emergency releasemust not be broken, nor the emergency releaseoperated, without authority from the control operatoror train dispatcher. The seal may be broken or releaseoperated when communication has failed to—

• Permit a train to leave the main track.

• Permit a train to enter the main trackbeen authorized to do so.

if it has

When the seal has been broken or emergency releaseoperated on an electric lock, the control operator ortrain dispatcher must be notified.

Rule 320. Stopping Before Block Occupied. When atrain having passed a proceed indication of an absolutesignal, stops less than one car length beyond suchsignal, it must not proceed again without complyingwith the requirements of Rule 312 unless such signaldisplays a proceed indication which can be seen clearly.

Rule 321. Suspension of Block System. The blocksystem, or sections of it, may be suspended by trainorder or track bulletin when authorized by the

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superintendent. The block system, or sections of it,must not be suspended until all trains and controloperators in the affected territory have been notifiedby train order or track bulletin specifying the limits ofthe suspension.

Train orders or track bulletins issued suspending theblock system must not be delivered to trains enteringthe affected territory until the affected limits are clearof trains, or until the train order or track bulletin hasfirst been transmitted or delivered to all trains withinthe limits. When the block system, or sections of it, issuspended, the following will govern within the limitsof suspension:

• Rules that

• Train order

apply to nonsignalled

or track bulletin must

territory.

be issuedprescribing speed restrictions that will ensure safety,but not to exceed 59 mph for passenger trains and49 mph for other trains.

• Block and interlocking signals will be disregard-ed whether extinguished or illuminated, except wheresignals govern movements over railroad crossings atgrade or drawbridges; or, where signals are connectedwith track side warning detectors.

– Trains must approach signals and each end oflimits suspended at restricted speed. Trains leaving the limits and moving into block system territory,must move at restricted speed until reaching the firstsignal in service beyond the limits. Signals governing

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movements over railroad crossings at grade anddrawbridges must be regarded as displaying Stop in-dication, regardless of aspect displayed, unless trainorder or track bulletin specifies that signals are inservice

— If the crew has not been informed that signalsgoverning movements over railroad crossings at gradeare in service, flag protection in each direction on con-flicting routes must be provided before proceedingover crossing. Crew must not rely on operation of timerelease or key controller as adequate protection whilemoving over crossing unless otherwise instructed.

• On single track, outside TWC limits, train orderForm S-A must be used to establish meeting pointsbetween opposing trains.

• One multiple main tracks, a train order or trackbulletin must designate the track or tracks upon whichthe block system is suspended and a train order ortrack bulletin must be issued to each train specifyingthe track to be used. A train must not make a reversemovement on that track, or cross over to or foulanother main track unless a train order or flag protec-tion is provided.

• Where automatic highway protection devices havebeen affected, the action to be taken at these locationsmust be specified by a train order or track bulletin.

• Remote control switches on the main track mustbe lined and locked for main track movement, switchesequipped with selector levers locked in hand position,other remote control switches spiked, and all personnel

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concerned must be notified. Until so informed by thetrain dispatcher, trains must stop and inspect remotecontrol switches and foul circuit, being sure they areproperly lined before passing over. A train order ortrack bulletin must be issued specifying the position inwhich remote control switches at the end of doubletrack or end of multiple main tracks are to be left lined.If a conductor or engine foreman is notified concerningthe position of remote control switches, those switchesmust be left in that position after having been used.

• Spring switches that are to be removed from ser-vice must be spiked and all personnel concerned mustbe notified. Trains must be prepared to stop when ap-proaching facing point spring switches left in service.It must be known that the switch is properly linedbefore proceeding over switch.

• When the block system has been restored to nor-mal operation, all trains within the affected territorymust first be so notified by train order or track bulletinbefore authorizing a train to enter the limits and begoverned by an operative block system.

Rule 322. Next Governing Signal. Except when move-ment at restricted speed is required by rule or by in-dication of previous signal, the indication of the nextsignal in advance may be complied with when theaspect can be clearly seen and it is known such aspectgoverns the track on which the movement is beingmade or is to be made.

Rule 323. Leaving Equipment in InterlockingEngines or cars must not be detached and left standingentirely between the opposing interlocking signalsgoverning movements at a railroad crossing at grade.

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RULES APPLICABLE ONLY WITHINCENTRALIZED TRAFFIC CONTROL LIMITS

Rule 350. Movements Authorized by Signal Indica-tion. Within defined limits on designated tracksspecified in the timetable or by special instructions,train movements will be authorized by block signalswhose indications will supersede the superiority oftrains for both opposing and following movements onthe same track.

The movement of trains will be supervised by thetrain dispatcher, who will issue the necessaryinstructions.

Rule 350(A). Authority to Enter CTC. A train must notenter any track where the CTC is in effect unless thereis a governing signal displaying a proceed indication orauthority has been obtained from the control operator.Authority may be granted to enter such track withouttrack and time limits in the words "Authority to enter

( t rack) a t (location) granted (train) formovement in (direction) ." After entering the track,the train is authorized to move only in the directionspecified.

Rule 350(B). Clearing Through Hand OperatedSwitches. A train must not clear any track where CTCis in effect at a hand operated switch which is notequipped with an electric lock except in the followinginstances:

● Where the maximum authorized speed on a maintrack or a controlled siding equipped with intermediatesignal does not exceed 20 mph.

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• Where the maximum authorized speed on a con-trolled siding not equipped with intermediate signaldoes not exceed 30 mph.

• Where a signal is provided to govern movement toa track where CTC is in effect.

• When such switch is kept open.

Rule 351. Track and Time. A train may occupy a trackor tracks within the specified limits for time periodsauthorized by control operator in the words: "Trackand limits granted on (track) between (point)and (point) (time) until ( t i m e ) . " Track maybe used in either direction within specified limits untilthe limits have been cleared or released without flagprotection; but all movements must be made atrestricted speed.

When the limits are designated by a switch, suchlimits extend only to the signals governing movementover the switch. Except at interlocking, trainsgranted track and time limits, after stopping, maypass a signal displaying a Stop indication to enter thelimits. Without further authority they may pass signalwithout the limits displaying Stop and Proceed indica-tion without stopping. Requirement for inspection ofspring switches and remote control switches must beobserved. Track and time limits do not authorizeoccupancy of main track within interlocking limits.

The track specified must be continuously occupiedor a switch left open within the limits on such track. Iffor any reason, the track specified is cleared before thetime stated, the track must not be occupied again, orfouled, without authority from the control operator.

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Trains must be clear of the limits, or track and timereleased, before expiration of the time granted. If moretime is required, authority must be obtained from thecontrol operator before the authorized time limit hasexpired

If no other person has been granted track and timewithin the same limits, track and time may be releasedby a train while within the limits to move in a specifieddirection. Track and time will then be governed bysignal indications upon verbal authority of the controloperator in the words "Track and time limits granted

(train) o n (track) between (point) and(point) released for movement (direction) a t(time) . " The control operator must be notified

when the trains are clear of the limits, except when thecontrol operator authorizes a train to leave the limitsby signal indication. Limits will be considered releasedwhen the train has passed such signal and is clear ofthe limits.

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CHAPTER 6

TRACK WARRANTS AND BULLETINS

The rules in this chapter pertain to those orders andinstructions governed by track warrants and bulletins.Figure 5 shows an example of a type of track warrant.

RULES APPLICABLE ONLY WITHINTRACK WARRANT CONTROL (TWC)LIMITS

Rule 400. Authority. Where designated by special in-structions or general order, use of the main track willbe authorized by issuance of a track warrant, under thedirection and over the signature of the train dis-patcher. Track warrants are numbered consecutivelyfrom the beginning of each calendar date. Within TWCterritory there is no superiority of trains and trains willnot be authorized by train order or timetable schedule.

Rule 401. Designated Limits. The limits of a trackwarrant are designated by specifying track, whererequired, and exact points such as switches, mile poles,or identifiable points. Station names may be used.When a station name is used to designate the firstnamed point, the authority will extend from the lastsiding switch or from a station sign if there is nosiding.

When a station name is used to designate the secondnamed point, the authority extends to the first sidingswitch or to the station sign if there is no siding. At the

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second named point, authority extends to the lastsiding switch when specific instructions include "holdmain track at last named point. "

Rule 402. Requesting. Personnel requesting a trackwarrant must advise the train dispatcher of themovements to be made and, when applicable, thetracks to be used and time required.

Rule 403. Copying. The conductor and the engineermust have a copy of the track warrant addressed totheir train or engine. The track warrant will show thedate, location, name of person who copied it, and anyspecific instructions issued. All information andinstructions are entered on the track warrant form pro-vided and repeated to the train dispatcher. The dis-patcher will check the copy and, if correct, will give an"OK" and the time. The OK time is entered on thetrack warrant and repeated to the train dispatcher.The track warrant is not considered in effect until theOK time is shown on it. If the track warrant restrictsmovement or authority previously granted, it is notconsidered in effect by the train dispatcher untilacknowledgement of the OK has been received. Trackwarrants are relayed by authorized personnel, whomust then record the message on a track warrant.

Rule 404. Designation of Trains. In track warrantsand track bulletins, trains are designated by enginenumber and direction when applicable. When an engineof another company is used, it is designated by theinitials or name of the company preceding the enginenumber.

Rule 405. Mechanical Transmission. At points des-ignated by special instructions, track warrants and

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Figure 5. A Type Track Warrant

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track bulletins may be transmitted mechanically.When so transmitted, repetition will not be required.OK time will be given at the time transmitted and thename of the train dispatcher will be shown in the spaceprovided for name of copying personnel. Track war-rants restricting the authority or movement of a trainmust not be sent in this manner unless it is known thatthe train being restricted will not leave the pointwithout receiving the track warrant. Special instruc-tions will prescribe how track warrants and trackbulletins are to be delivered at these points.

Rule 406. Specific Instructions. Track warrants willinclude specific instructions which must be compliedwith by those addressed. Each track warrant must begiven in the same words to all personnel addressed.Once in effect, the track warrant must not be added toor altered in any manner except as provided byRule 411.

Rule 407. Changing Track Warrant. When a trackwarrant is in effect and the limits or instructions arechanged, a new track warrant is issued with theinstructions and will include the words "TrackWarrant No is void." When a track warrantof a previous date is voided, the date must be included.The previous track warrant will no longer be in effect.

Rule 408. Operating with Track Warrant. A trackwarrant authorizes the train or engine addressed tooccupy the main track within designated limits. Thetrain must not foul a switch at either end of the limitswhich may be used by an opposing train or engine to

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clear the main track. Movement must be made asfollows:

• When authorized to proceed from one point toanother, movement is authorized only in the directionspecified.

• When authorized to "work between" two specificpoints, movement may be made in either directionbetween those points.

Rule 409. Occupying Same Limits. Not more than onetrain or engine is permitted to occupy the same oroverlapping limits of a track warrant at the same time,except in the following circumstances:

• All trains or engines within the limits have beenauthorized to move only in the same direction and arerequired to provide flag protection as prescribed byRule 99.

• Two or more crews performing switching or workservice have been notified of each other and instructedthat all movements must be made at restricted speedwithin the overlapping limits.

Rule 410. In Effect. A track warrant is in effect untila crew member reports the train clear of the limits, thewarrant becomes void, or the time limit expires. Thecrew member must report to the train dispatcher whenthey have cleared the limits. If a time limit is shown onthe track warrant, a train or engine must be clear of thelimits by the time specified, unless another track war-rant has been obtained.

Rule 411. Marking Void. The word VOID must bewritten legibly across each copy of the track warrant

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when a crew member has reported the train or engineclear of the limits, the time limit specified has expired,or the track warrant has been changed as prescribed byRule 407.

Rule 412. Protecting Men or Machines. A track war-rant permitting men or machines to occupy or performmaintenance on main track without other protection isissued in the same manner as that for trains or engines.

• A track warrant must not be issued to protect menor machines within the same or overlapping limits witha train or engine, except in the followingcircumstances:

• All trains or engines authorized to occupy thesame or overlapping limits have been authorized tomove in one direction only and the track warrantspecifies that it is granted behind such trains orengines.

• Trains or engines authorized to occupy the sameor overlapping limits have been notified of theauthority granted to the men or machines, have beeninstructed to make all movements at restricted speed,and have been instructed to stop short of men ormachines on or fouling track. The person in charge ofmaintenance must be so notified by a track warrant. Iftrack is not safe for movement at restricted speed, per-sonnel in charge must protect such track by placingred flags according to Rule 10(A).

Rule 413. Movement Against the Current of Traffic.When a track warrant authorizes movement againstthe current of traffic, the train or engine must use onlythe track designated within the limits specified.

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TRACK BULLETIN RULES

Rule 450. Track Bulletins. Within TWC territory andother territories designated by special instructions,track bulletins will be issued by the train dispatcher asrequired. Bulletins contain information as to all condi-tions affecting the safe movement of trains or engines.When track bulletins are authorized, trains andengines must receive a track warrant at their initialstation unless otherwise instructed by the train dis-patcher. All track bulletins which affect their move-ment must be listed on the track warrant. The con-ductor and engineer must have copies of all trackbulletins listed, and each crew member must read andunderstand the requirements of track bulletinsreceived by them. FM 55-20 is the prescribing directivefor the track bulletin.

Rule 451. Transmitting Track Bulletins. A trackbulletin may be transmitted verbally or mechanically.When a track bulletin has been transmitted verbally,personnel copying it must repeat it at once from theircopies. When the track bulletin has been repeated cor-rectly, the train dispatcher will respond "OK" andgive the time and his initials. The individual will showin the space provided the OK time, his last name, andthe train dispatcher’s initials, and repeat "OK" andthe time to the train dispatcher.

Rule 452. Retaining Track Bulletins. Track bulletinsmust be retained and complied with on all trips madeduring the tour of duty on which they were received.

Rule 453. Relieved During Trip. When a conductor orengineer, or both, is relieved before the completion of a

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trip, all track warrants, track bulletins, and instruc-tions held by them must be delivered to the relievingconductor or engineer. If they cannot be personallydelivered to the relieving crew, the conductor will leavethem in an envelope at a location designated by thetrain dispatcher and show the correct designation ofthe train, date, location, and conductor’s signature onthe envelope. Track warrants, track bulletins, instruc-tions, and pertinent information must be compared bythe relieving conductor and engineer and with the traindispatcher before proceeding.

Rule 454. Restriction to Crew Member. A trackbulletin or track warrant restricting a train or enginemust not be transmitted to a crew member until theconductor or engineer assures the dispatcher that bothof them understand the order and can comply with therestriction.

Rule 455. Protection by Track Bulletin. During thetime and within the limits stated in track bulletin,trains and engines must move at restricted speed andstop short of men or machines fouling track or a redflag placed to the right of the track. Movement mustcontinue at restricted speed unless otherwise verballyinstructed or unless the entire train has passed a greenflag or has cleared the limits.

The engineer must attempt to contact the person incharge by radio sufficiently in advance to avoid delay,advising his location and specifying track. In grantingverbal authority, use the words "Foreman (name)(of Gang No ) using track bulletin Noline No between MP and MP

on Subdivision."

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To authorize train or engine to pass a red flag,or enter limits, without stopping, use the words" (train) may pass red flag located at MP(or enter limits) without stopping. " A train or enginemay pass red flag, or enter limits, without stopping,continue to move at restricted speed, and must stopshort of men or equipment fouling track.

To authorize a train or engine to proceed at aspeed greater than restricted speed, use the words" (train) may proceed through the limits atmph (or at maximum authorized speed)." The trainmay proceed through the limits at the prescribed speedunless otherwise restricted.

To require the train or engine to move at a speed lessthan restricted speed, use the words" (train) pro-ceed at restricted speed by not exceedingmph (if necessary add "until reaching MP ").The train must not exceed the prescribed speed andmust be prepared to stop short of men or equipmentfouling the track or a red flag to the right of the track.

These instructions must be repeated by the engineerand "OK" received from the person giving them beforethey are acted upon. When the word STOP is writtenin the Stop column, the train or engine must not enterthe limits until verbal authority is received from theperson in charge. Yellow flags must be displayed asprescribed by Rule 10 in Chapter 2.

Rule 456. Excessive Dimension Equipment. Whenexcessive dimension equipment is handled, the traindispatcher must issue the necessary instructions toarrange a point for meeting or passing trains where

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there is enough clearance. He may also issue any addi-tional precautions which may be required.

A crew handling such equipment must ensure that itwill clear nearby objects including equipment on adja-cent tracks, and if unable to reach a point whereclearances are sufficient, must see that protection isprovided against movements on adjacent tracks. Thecrews affected must be issued a track bulletin advisingthem of such equipment and the train or engine whichis handling it. They are responsible for taking theproper precautions before passing or meeting theequipment.

Rule 457. Tracks Blocked with Equipment. Whenmain tracks, sidings, or other tracks, which arenormally clear for movement, are to be blocked withequipment which cannot be placed in the clear, thetrain dispatcher must be notified. The train dispatcherensures that all crews and other personnel concernedare notified. When the main track is blocked, protec-tion is provided as prescribed by Rule 99.

Rule 458. Tracks Removed from Service. Protectionmust be provided when a track is to be removed fromservice. The protection may be provided by a trackbulletin designating the track and giving the exactpoints between which it is removed from service. Suchtrack must not be used unless the track bulletin givesthe name or title of the person who may authorize itsuse. When so indicated, movement must be made onlyunder the direction of the person authorizing use of thetrack. When required, a train dispatcher must advisecrews of the alternate routes to be used and the posi-tion of switches.

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Rule 459. Change of General Order or Special Instruc-tions. General orders or special instructions may beissued, changed, or cancelled by a track bulletin. Anysafety requirement which is removed as a result ofchanging or canceling general orders or specialinstructions must be reinstated by track bulletin.General orders or special instructions which arecancelled in this manner must not be reinstated bytrack bulletin. Track bulletin must not be delivered toall personnel affected until the cancellation is issued bygeneral order and the general order is posted.

Rule 460. Delivering Track Bulletins. Personnelreceiving track bulletins must ensure that all copiesare delivered unless the track bulletin is voided ortransferred to relieving personnel. When copies havebeen delivered to all addressed, a copy will be kept onfile.

Rule 461. Additional Copies of Track Bulletins. Ifnecessary to make additional copies of track bulletins,except when duplicated as prescribed by Rule 462, theadditional copies must be repeated to the train dis-patcher and correctness ensured before delivery. Thetrain dispatcher records the date, time, place, andname of person who recopied and repeated the trackbulletin.

Rule 462. Duplicating Track Bulletins. Repetition ofthe track bulletins to the train dispatcher will not berequired when they are reproduced by duplicatingmachine. When so duplicated, they must notdelivered or acted upon until they are checked andknown to be clear, legible, and duplicate in theirentirety.

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CHAPTER 7

RAILROAD RADIO RULES

The following rules and requirements cover use ofrailroad radio systems and govern personnel usingsuch systems.

Rule 501. Internal Adjustments. All personnel exceptthose specifically authorized by the FederalCommunications Commission (FCC) or those holding acurrent Certified Technician’s Certificate, are pro-hibited from making any internal adjustments to arailroad radio. Authorized personnel must carry theirFCC operator license, Certified Technician’sCertificate, or verification card when on duty.

Rule 502. Prohibited Transmissions. Personnel shallnot knowingly transmit any false emergency com-munication, any unnecessary, irrelevant, or uniden-tified communication, nor utter any obscene, indecent,or profane language via radio. Personnel shall notdivulge or publish the existence, contents, effect, ormeaning of any communications (emergency com-munications excluded) except to the person for whomthe communication is intended or to another individualof the railroad whose duties may require knowledge ofthe communication. The above applies either to com-munications received directly or to any that may beintercepted.

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Rule 503. Emergency Calls. Any emergency call willbe preceded by the word “Emergency” repeated threetimes. Such calls shall be used to cover initial reportsof derailments, collisions, storms, washouts, fires, orobstructions to track. Emergency calls also coverother matters which would cause serious delay to traf-fic, damage to property, or injury to personnel or thetraveling public. They must contain as completeinformation as possible. All personnel must giveabsolute priority to communication from a station indistress, and except in answering or aiding that sta-tion, shall refrain from sending any communicationuntil ensuring that no interference will result.

Rule 504. Inspections. Any personnel shall permitinspection of the radio equipment in his charge and allFCC documents pertaining to such equipment by anaccredited representative of the FCC at any reasonabletime.

Rule 505. Locations. The location of radio base andwayside stations, the time such stations are attended,and assigned channels, will be designated by timetableor other instructions.

Rule 506. Transmitting. Before transmitting, any in-dividual operating a radio must ensure that the chan-nel is not already in use. The operator must give therequired identification, listen for acknowledgmentfrom the person receiving the transmission, and mustnot proceed with the transmission until suchacknowledgment is received.

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Rule 507. Identification. Personnel transmitting oracknowledging a radio communication must beginwith the required identification. The order mustinclude the following information:

• Base or wayside stations - Name or initials of therailroad, and name and location or other uniquedesignation of office or station.

• Mobile units - Name or initials of the railroad,train name (number), engine number, or words thatidentify the precise mobile unit.

• If an exchange of communication continueswithout substantial interruption, personnel mustrepeat identification each 15 minutes. After positiveidentification has been made in connection withswitching, classification, and similar operations whollywithin a yard, fixed and mobile units may use shortidentification after the initial transmission andacknowledgment.

Rule 508. Acknowledgment. A person receiving aradio call must not delay acknowledgment unless itwould interfere with duties relating to safety.

Rule 509. Repetition. An individual who receives atransmission must repeat it to the transmitting party,except when the communication-

• Relates to switching operations.

• Is a recorded message from an automatic alarmdevice.

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• Is general in nature and does not contain anyinformation, instruction, or advice which could affectthe safety of a railroad operation.

Rule 510. Over. To indicate to the receiving personthat the transmission is ended and that a response isexpected, the transmitting person must say the word"over."

Rule 511. Out. To indicate to the receiving person theexchange of transmissions is complete and that noresponse is expected, the transmitting person muststate his identification followed by the word "out."

Rule 512. Monitoring. When base and wayside sta-tions or mobile units are manned, the radio must beturned to the appropriate channel with the volumeadjusted to receive communications. All transmissionsdirected to a manned station or mobile unit must beacknowledged.

Rule 513. Misuse. Radio communication must not beused to avoid compliance with any rule.

Rule 514. Not Understood or Completed. Any radiocommunication which is not understood or completedaccording to these rules must not be acted upon andmust be treated as though it was not sent. An excep-tion would be if any information is received whichwould affect the safety of personnel or the public orcause damage to property. If necessary, movementmust be stopped until an understanding has beenreached.

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Rule 515. Testing. Radios used in train operation out-side yard limits must be tested at the point where thetrain is originally made up.

Rule 516. Operative Radio. Engineers and conductorsmust test the radios at least once during each tour ofduty to ensure that the radios are working.

Rule 517. Test Transmission. Radio tests must con-sist of an exchange of voice transmissions withanother radio. Radio tests help ensure that voicetransmissions are readable and of good quality.

Rule 518. Malfunctioning Radio. A malfunctioningradio must not be used. Each crew member, the traindispatcher, or other designated personnel must benotified of the malfunction by alternate means of com-munication as soon as possible.

Rule 519. Fixed Signal Information. A radio must notbe used to give information to a train or engine crewabout the name, position, aspect, or indicationdisplayed by a fixed signal. Such information may onlybe given between members of the same crew or whennecessary to give warning in an emergency.

Rule 520. Lieu of Hand Signals. When radio is beingused in lieu of hand signals, both the direction anddistance to be traveled must be given. Movement mustbe stopped in one-half the distance specified unlessadditional instructions are received.

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Rule 521. Transmitting Train Orders. When trainorders are transmitted by radio, they must betransmitted according to applicable operating rules,and the following guidelines:

• The train dispatcher or operator shall call theaddressees of the train order and state his intention totransmit the train order.

• Before the train order is transmitted, the personto receive and copy the train order shall state his name,rank identification, location, and that he is prepared toreceive a train order. Train orders may not be copied bya person operating the controls on an engine of a mov-ing train. Train orders are not transmitted to the crewof a moving train. The conductor, the engineer, or thetrain dispatcher must decide if the train order can bereceived and copied without impairing the safe opera-tion of the train.

• Train orders shall be copied in writing by thereceiving person in the format prescribed in theoperating rules.

• Except as provided by Rule 514, before a trainorder is acted upon, both the conductor and engineermust have a written copy of the train order. They mustensure that the train order is read and understood byother members of the crew.

• Except as provided by Rule 514, a train ordertransmitted by radio which has not been made com-plete may not be acted upon and must be treated asthough not sent.

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• Information contained in a train order may not beacted upon by persons other than those to whom thetrain order is addressed. "Complete" must not begiven to a radio transmitted train order for other trainsuntil "Complete" response has been acknowledged bythe train being restricted.

Rule 522. Transmitting Track Warrants and TrackBulletins. When radio is used to transmit track war-rant or track bulletin, rules applicable only within twolimits and track bulletin rules will govern. They mustnot be copied by a soldier operating the controls on anengine of a moving train.

Rule 523. Blasting Operations. Do not operate radiotransmitters when they are less than 250 feet fromblasting operations.

Rule 526. Clarity. If necessary for clarity, the pho-netic alphabet shall be used to pronounce any letterused as an initial, except initial letters of railroads.

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CHAPTER 8

CONDUCT OF PERSONNEL AND SAFETY

The following rules deal with the conduct of person-nel on duty and safety in performing tasks and han-dling equipment.

GENERAL RULES OF CONDUCT

Rule 600. To Whom Personnel Report. Personnelwhose duties are prescribed by these rules will reportto and comply with instructions from supervisors, andothers having the proper jurisdiction. They willcomply with instructions issued by officers of thevarious branches of service when applicable to theirduties.

Rule 601. Games, Reading. While on duty, personnelmust not play games or read magazines, newspapers,or other literature not related to their duties. Theymust not use radios, tape recorders or players, ortelevision sets other than those provided by thegovernment.

Rule 602. Sleeping. Personnel must not sleep while onduty. Personnel who are in a reclined position witheyes closed will be considered in violation of this rule.

Rule 604. Duty-Reporting or Absence. Personnelmust report for duty at the designated time and place.

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They must devote themselves exclusively to thegovernment’s service while on duty. They must not beabsent from duty, exchange duties, or substituteothers in their place without proper authority.

Rule 607. Conduct. Personnel must not be careless ofthe safety of themselves or others, negligent, insubor-dinate, dishonest, immoral, or quarrelsome.

Rule 608. Altercation. Personnel must not fight, playpractical jokes, scuffle, or wrestle while on duty.

Rule 609. Care of Property. Personnel are responsiblefor the proper care and use of government property en-trusted to them. Upon demand by proper authority,they must return such property. Only personnel whoare issued switch keys are authorized to use such keysin the propermust not useuse.

performance of their duties. Personnelgovernment property for their personal

Rule 610. Not Permitted on Equipment. Unautho-rized persons are not permitted to be on trains,engines, or cars.

Rule 611. Altering Equipment. Personnel must notalter, nullify, change the design of, or in any mannerrestrict or interfere with the normal intended functionof any device or equipment on locomotives, cars, orother railroad property without proper authorityexcept in case of emergency. All emergencies must bereported to the proper officer.

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Rule 612. Clean Premises. Railroad premises must bekept in a clean, orderly, and safe condition. Railroadbuildings, facilities, or equipment must not be marredor defaced. Only information which is authorized bythe proper officer or required by law may be posted inor on railroad property.

Rule 615. Divulging Information. Personnel who arecharged with the writing, handling, and custody of cor-respondence, reports, books, bills of lading, waybills,tickets, or statistics of the railroad must not, underany circumstances, permit unauthorized personsaccess to these items. They must not verbally or other-wise divulge any of the information contained therein.

Rule 616. Hazardous Materials. Personnel who han-dle hazardous materials must have a copy of the in-structions or regulations for handling them. Theymust be familiar with the instructions and complywith them.

Rule 617. Fire. Every precaution must be taken toprevent loss and damage by fire. The presence of fireon or near the right of way must be reported promptlyto the train dispatcher unless such fires are being con-trolled. If there is danger of fire spreading to a bridgeor other structure, trains must be stopped andmembers of the crew must assist in extinguishing fire.The cause of fire must be determined and promptlyreported. The conductor must notify the engineer andthe train dispatcher promptly of fires which may havebeen started by their train.

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Rule 618. Defective Equipment. Personnel must en-sure that equipment and tools used are not defective.Defective tools must not be used until they made safe.Personnel must report defects to the proper authority.

Rule 619. Avoiding Delays. Trains and engines mustbe operated expeditiously, with consistent observanceof safety and rules. Unnecessary delays must beavoided. When practicable, train or engine crews desir-ing to stop train to eat must notify the train dispatcherat least one hour and thirty minutes in advance. Thestop for a meal must not unnecessarily interfere withor delay other trains.

Rule 620. Riding Engine. When possible, crewmembers on the head end of freight trains must ride inthe control compartment of the engine if there are notmore than six people riding. When the conductor isriding the head end, he will ride in the controlcompartment.

Rule 621. Furnishing Information. Personnel mustnot withhold information. They must give all the factsregarding irregularities, accidents, personal injuries,or rule violations to those authorized to receive suchinformation.

Rule 622. Safety Rules. Personnel must be familiarwith the rules and comply with them.

Rule 623. Air Brakes—Train Handling. Personnelwhose duties are affected by the operation of air brakesmust have a copy of rules and instructions for theoperation of air brakes and train handling. They mustbe familiar with and obey such rules and instructions.

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Rule 626. Repairs to Foreign Cars. Report repairsmade to foreign cars on the prescribed form.

Rule 627. Inspection of Freight Cars. Where person-nel are not on duty to inspect freight cars, each carplaced in the train maybe moved after receiving safetyinspection as follows:

• A freight car with any defect that makes it unsafefor movement shall be corrected or set out of the train.

• Cars must be checked for leaning or listing to side;sagging; improper positioning on truck; anythinghanging or dragging from car or extending from side;insecurely attached doors; broken or missing safetyappliance; lading leaking from a placarded hazardousmaterial car; insecure coupling device; overheatedwheel or journal; broken or cracked wheel; brake thatfails to release; or any apparent hazard likely to causean accident.

• Open top loads, including trailers and containerson flatcars, must be safely loaded.

• Where width or height appears close to clearancelines, ensure that the movement has been cleared withthe proper authority.

• A freight car with three bad order tags indicatingthat the car is safe to move maybe handled to nearestrepair point. The conductor will remove one bad ordertag from the side having two tags so that he will havewritten information relative to the restrictions. Afterremoving the bad order tag, he will inform other crewmembers of such restrictions.

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Rule 627(A). Overheated Wheels. If overheatedwheels are found on a train, the train must be stoppedand held at least 10 minutes to allow the heat toequalize through the wheel.

Rule 628. Flat Spots. Equipment with a wheel havinga flat spot more than 2 1/2 inches long or adjoining flatspots 2 inches long must not be moved in excess of10 mph. If such equipment is in a train, it must be setout at the first available point.

Rule 629. Dump Doors. Dump doors on cars must beclosed after load is dumped. If necessary to move carsshort distances with dump doors open, personnel mustensure that the doors and chains can clear tracks andcrossings.

Rule 630. Excessive Dimension Loads. Excessivedimension loads should be placed on or near the headend of trains. Instructions will be issued when ex-cessive dimension loads are to be handled in train whenclearance of structures is extremely close. A train muststop before passing such structures and movementshould be made only on hand signals or verbal com-munication. If an excessive dimension load is in a trainwhere the clearance at any structure or equipment onan adjacent track is questionable, and no instructionshave been issued regarding the handling of such a car,the conductor will immediately notify the train dis-patcher. He must take necessary action to ensuresafety of movement.

Rule 631. Open Top Loads. Open top cars and opentop TOFC loaded with poles, rail, lumber, pipe, or othercommodities having any of the lading extending abovethe car or trailer ends which may shift and protrude

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beyond the car ends, must not be placed in trains nextto engines, cabooses, occupied outfit cars, passengercars, shipments of automotive vehicles and machinerythat are not fully enclosed, loads placarded"Explosives A" or "Poison Gas," or any placardedl o a d e d t a n k c a r , e x c e p t t h o s e p l a c a r d e d"Combustible."

Rule 632. Shipments Susceptible to Damage.Shipments with painted or finished surfaces that aresusceptible to damage, such as automobiles, trucks,tractors, combines, and other similar equipment ormachinery, must not be placed closer than the fifth carbehind open top cars loaded with commodities such ascoal, sand, gravel, lime, or soda ash, which are subjectto wind, vapor, or fume action on adjacent cars. Theymay be placed closer than the fifth car when such com-modities are loaded in cars that fully enclose theshipments, or the shipment is otherwise fully covered.

Multi-level shipments of automotive equipment oropen top cars loaded with sand, gravel, lime, soda ash,and so forth, which are subject to wind, vapor, or fumeaction, in other than solid trains must not be placedimmediately ahead of cabooses.

Rule 633. Engine Operation. The engineer is responsi-ble for the safe and efficient operation of the engine inhis charge. All persons employed on the engine mustobey the engineer’s instructions with regard to theoperation of the engine. The fireman or engineertrainee may handle the engine under the close supervi-sion of the engineer. The engineer must determine ifany cars or units in the train require special handlingby checking with the conductor.

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Rule 634. Engines Coupled to Equipment. Enginescoupled to equipment which includes occupiedpassenger cars must not be left without an authorizedperson in charge.

Rule 636. Separating Units. Units of engines mustnot be separated until all cables, air hoses, steam con-nections, and other connections have beendisconnected.

Rule 637. Accuracy of Speed Indicators. Engineersmust verify the accuracy of speed indicators at leasttwice during each trip. The first check must be made atthe first opportunity after the engineer takes charge ofthe engine. When the speed indicator is not accurate towithin 3 mph plus or minus, report any variance to thetrain dispatcher at the first opportunity.

Rule 638. Stopped in Tunnels. When an engine isstopped in a tunnel under conditions preventingprompt movement, diesel engines and steamgenerators must be shut down promptly and air brakesmust be fully applied. Also, hand brakes must beapplied throughout the train to prevent movementshould airbrakes leak off.

Local conditions must be carefully considered. Theremay be situations where the exhaust gases are beingcarried away from the train by air currents, or whereproximity to a tunnel opening would make it un-necessary to shut down these engines. Safety ofpassengers and crew members is the first priority.

Rule 639. Gases and Exhausts in Tunnels. An excessconcentration of dangerous gases present in exhausts

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from various types of engines, steam generators, orengines of the Waukesha or similar type may cause in-capacities or fatalities. This could result when a trainis stopped in a tunnel. Exhaust from such enginesmust not be located in close proximity to fresh air in-take of passenger cars. Where such engines areoperated, ensure that proper ventilation is provided atall times.

In the event that a passenger train is stopped in atunnel, regardless of the type of power being used, carswithin the tunnel must shut off air circulatingsystems, including air-conditioning systems, icemachines, and engine generators. They must closefresh air intake shutters and shut off blower fans. Thesame action must be taken when a passenger train isstopped in deep snow and exhaust gases cannotdissipate. Certain gases are not readily detected byodors so immediate action must be taken. Do notwaste time in deciding when the train may be started;take the safe course and act at once. The train dis-patcher should be notified immediately and properarrangements made to protect persons and equipment.

Rule 640. Reporting Engine Defects. The engineerwill report any defect of the engine on the formprovided for that purpose. He will also notify therelieving engineer.

Rule 641. Agents. Station agents are under the direc-tion of the superintendent and trainmaster. They havegeneral supervision over all persons at their respectivestations. They are responsible for efficient andeconomical operation of the station, and for keepingthe premises neat and clean. They have jurisdiction

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over the buildings and other government property attheir station.

Rule 642. Operators. Operators are under the direc-tion of the train dispatcher insofar as their duties areconcerned in the handling of train orders, lineups, themovement of trains, and any other instructions issuedby the train dispatcher.

PERSONAL INJURIES AND ACCIDENTS

Rule 800. Care for Injured. When passengers or per-sonnel are injured, everything possible must be donefor their proper care.

Rule 801. Deceased. In case of death on a train, thebody should be left at the first station where the ser-vices of an undertaker are available unless otherwisedirected by civil authorities.

In case of death on government property, or when acorpse is found on government property, the bodymust receive proper care and, when necessary, bemoved to a proper place to provide a clear passage fortrains. After the exact position in which the body wasfound and the surrounding conditions have beencarefully noted, it must be left in charge of a unitmember or other responsible person.

Rule 801(A). Safety. Personnel must report the fulldetails of all personal injuries to the proper super-visory officer. Personnel must be suitably dressed toperform all duties safely. Wearing shorts or workingwithout a shirt is prohibited. Shirts must cover theback, shoulders, chest and abdomen. Excessively oily,greasy, torn, loose, or frayed clothing is not permitted.

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Shoes with excessively thin or loose soles will not beworn.

Personnel working on or about tracks, and otherswho are subject to foot injuries by the nature of theirduties regardless of location, must wear substantial(preferably leather) shoe or boot-type footwear in goodrepair. Footwear must cover the entire foot, and have adefined heel of not more than 1 1/2 inches in height.High-top (6 inches or more), laced safety shoes arerecommended. Personnel wearing buckle-type boots orovershoes must keep buckles of such footwear securelyfastened. Lace-type footwear must be properly lacedand tied.

Personnel working on or about moving equipment ormachinery with moving parts, or in areas where openfires or sparks may be present, must keep their haircut. Hair must also be protected to avoid thepossibility of it becoming entangled, enmeshed, orburned. Hair must not interfere with a person’s vision,or the proper fitting of required personal protectiveequipment. Personnel must not wear ear coverings ordevices which seriously interfere with their hearing.

The operator or person in charge must advise oc-cupants of highway motor vehicles and certain railequipment that safety belts must be used on equip-ment when available. Personnel using or operatinggovernment equipment and highway motor vehicleare governed by all pertinent regulations and instructions. Scuffling, horseplay, practical jokes, and allsimilar conduct is prohibited while on duty or ongovernment property. Personnel must use normally

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accepted and designated paths, walkways, or routes ingoing to, from, and within yards, shops, stations,buildings, and other places of employment. "Short-cuts" are prohibited. While walking, look in the direc-tion of movement and stay clear of holes, openings, orother slip, trip, or fall hazards. If it is necessary to lookaway from the direction of movement, stop while doingso. If another route is available, do not walk throughsmoke or escaping steam which obscures vision.Trespassing on government property is prohibited.Personnel must use reasonable means to prevent it;however, personnel are not expected to endangerthemselves in complying with this rule.

Boards with protruding nails, rail, ties, couplers,knuckles, scrap, ballast mounds, and other underfootobstructions must be promptly removed from thepremises where personnel walk or work. Aisleways,walkways, steps, and driveways must be kept free ofdebris, tools, equipment, and other material. Trash andrefuse must be placed in containers and not thrown onthe floors of buildings or strewn about the premises.Holes left in and around tracks or buildings must beadequately covered or protected by proper barricadesand warning lights. Manholes and pit entrance open-ings must be protected when open, and they must beclosed immediately after the work is finished. Jumpingacross locomotive pits or other open pit areas is pro-hibited. Getting on or off moving turntables, transfercables, elevators, drawbridges, shop trucks, tractors,or highway vehicles is prohibited.

The use of gasoline or other highly flammable liquidsfor cleaning purposes, or to start or stimulate fires is

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prohibited. Smoking or having open flames or oil-burning lanterns is prohibited—

• In enginerooms of locomotives, cranes, or derricksthat are equipped with internal combustion engines.

• Around diesel oil, gasoline, or LP gas fueling sta-tions or storage facilities.

• While servicing or inspecting batteries.

• While fueling locomotives, vehicles, or machines.

• While in or near manhole, sewer, tank, or tunnels,where flammable gases may be present.

Fueling vehicles or machines with engine running isprohibited as well as using compressed air or gases toclean dust or other debris from the body or fromclothing. Admitting compressed air or gases to non-pressure (vacuum) vessel or tank is prohibited.

Crossing over between locomotives or cars exceptwhen necessary in the performance of duty is pro-hibited. Stepping on cut levers, couplers, or othermovable parts is prohibited. Personnel must not crawlunder locomotives or cars except when working onsuch equipment, and then only when proper protectionis provided.

Personnel are prohibited from using the anglecock tocontrol the movement of locomotives and cars exceptwhere it is absolutely necessary. Back-up hoses, handsignals, radios, or speakers should be used in control—ling moves to be made. The use of equipmentmachinery, power tools, or appliances of any kind byunauthorized or unqualified persons is prohibited. Besure that no one is in a position to be injured before

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operating valves, controls, or switches on machinerywhich could activate component parts that could causeinjury. Before using tools, appliances, machines,vehicles, or other equipment, personnel must be surethat they are in safe condition. Defective items mustbe repaired or removed from service promptly.

Personnel are prohibited from riding on locomotives,freight cars, motor, hand, push cars, or any workequipment except when necessary to perform theirduties. Standing on improvised scaffolds or supportsmade of boxes, barrels, and chairs is prohibited; onlyequipment approved for that purpose may be used.Standing near cables, ropes, or chains that are undertension or being pulled, or standing in the path of orunder a load, bucket, or magnet of hoisting equipmentis prohibited.

Do not throw or drop anything from locomotives,cabooses, passenger or freight cars, trucks, wharves,scaffolding, or any higher levels, without first makingsure that no one is in a position to be injured. Refusematerials must be placed in proper containers or otherdesignated locations.

Personnel passing cutting or welding operationswhere goggles or shields are required are prohibitedfrom facing or watching such operations withoutproper eye protection.

Operating any type of internal combustion engine inan enclosed space without adequate ventilation is pro-hibited. Before removing valves, caps, plugs, or otherparts subject to pressure from boilers, reservoirs,tanks or other pressure vessels, the relief valves must

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be opened and the pressure completely exhausted. Per-sonnel are prohibited from passing over or undersafety valves or automatic blow-down valves on sta-tionary boilers or steam generators under pressure.

The use of a metallic tape line of any kind, wire, wetrope, or other conductive materials to measure theheight of any wire or the distance between wires orother electrical conductors is prohibited. Persons usingportable telephones must be cautious when makingconnections to communications lines. They mustensure that connections are not made to power orsignal lines, which may be located on the same pole.

Care must be used when handling materials shippedin metal drums, such as, but not limited to, metalpreservatives, carbolineum, creosote, cold patchasphalt, and so forth. When necessary to remove thebungs from metal drums containing these or othergaseous products, keep all parts of the body away fromthe products. The bungs must be screwed out slowly toallow pressure to escape before the bung is removed.The drum must be positioned so that the opening is notblocked by material in the drum while the bung isbeing removed. The heating of any of these materials isprohibited except when authorized by special instruc-tions, and then it must be done under direct supervi-sion, in an open container, or in a drum from which theentire head has been removed. Care must be taken tosee that there is no accumulation of gas or fumes.

Persons working around electrical equipment mustnot use metal cased flashlights or lanterns. Theyshould not wear rings, wrist watches, or other metalapparel that could come in contact with energized

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equipment. Rings, bracelets, or necklaces must not beworn in areas where they could create a snagginghazard to personnel working near machinery, gettingon and off equipment, or handling materials. Whengetting off of equipment or ladders, examine landingareas before stepping down and retain a handhold untilthe foot can be properly placed to avoid sprains,falling, or turning ankles.

Metal contact must be maintained between metalcontainers while gasoline or other highly flammableliquids are being poured from one to another to preventfires or explosions from sparks or static electricity.Where direct contact cannot be maintained, a wirewith suitable connectors or clips must be used for thispurpose. Gasoline or other highly flammable liquidsmust not be carried or stored in buses, automobiles, orin truck cabs. When necessary to carry a reservesupply of gasoline on trucks, approved containersmust be used. Containers must not be carried inenclosed spaces, and must be protected from impact.

Rule 801(B). Personal Protective Equipment. All per-sonnel must wear approved eye protection when per-forming work hazardous to the eyes or when in thevicinity of such work. Some of the principal job func-tions requiring eye protection are—

• Chipping, cutting, or caulking metal.

• Breaking or cutting concrete, stone, or asphalt.

• Striking, or striking with, hardened tools andfastenings.

• Cutting rivets, bolts, or cotter keys, splittingnuts, and so forth.

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• Driving, bucking, sticking, or heating rivets.

• Scaling, scraping, or removing welding flux.

• Using power-activated impact tools.

• Using tools powered by explosive charges.

• Machining steel, cast iron, brass, or bronze.

• Boring, drilling, or reaming.

• Operating woodworking machines.

• Operating adzing machines.

• Operating power rail saws, grinders, or drills.

• Using or dressing grinding wheels.

• Hammering testing tanks.

• Blowing or cleaning with compressed air or steam.

• Sandblasting.

• Spraying paint or cleaning agents.

• Pouring or handling molten metal.

• Handling acids or other chemical solutions, andservicing or charging refrigeration equipment.

• Handling or servicing storage batteries.

• Tending open furnaces and boiler fires.

• Electric or gas welding or cutting.

• Using tools to break frozen ground, gravecinders, ballast, and so forth.

• Working in areas where heavy dust conditionsexist.

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• Performing any other work which the supervisordetermines is hazardous to the eyes and performingduties in areas where mandatory eyewear programsare in effect.

When safety equipment such as, but not limited to,hard hats, protective clothing, gloves, guards, masks,respirators, or eye and hearing protection are requiredin specified areas for certain job functions, such safetyequipment must be used by all persons affected.Personnel are responsible for keeping all protectiveequipment issued to them in good order and properlyfitted. They must replace it as required to maintain in-tended protection. Hard hat shells can be seriouslyweakened by the application of brush or spray typepaints, or other materials including insect repellentswhich contain solvents or hydrocarbons. Therefore,such materials must not be used on hard hats. Drillingor cutting holes in hard hat shells is prohibited. Faceshields shall not be used alone as a substitute forgoggles and spectacles should not be used for eyeprotection.

Rule 801(C). On or About Tracks. Personnel on orabout tracks must always be alert to keep out ofdanger and use care to avoid injury to themselves andothers. Nothing in these rules should be interpreted asrelieving any person from performing his full duty inthis respect. Expect movement of equipment on anytrack, at any time, in either direction. Always look inboth directions before crossing or getting close to anytrack. Crossing tracks immediately in front of movingtrains, locomotives, or cars is prohibited. Whencrossing tracks near standing equipment, always allow

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enough room to avoid injury in case of sudden or unex-pected movement.

Personnel on or about any tracks, whether in theopen, in shops, on bridges, or in tunnels, must move toa place of safety upon the approach of rolling equip-ment on the track where they are working or on anadjacent track. Personnel must always positionthemselves at a safe distance from moving equipment,and be alert for falling or protruding equipment. Allmachines being operated close enough to any track tobe struck by rolling equipment must be moved to aplace of safety upon the approach of a train or othermoving equipment, and must remain in the clear untilthe moving equipment has passed.

When not in use, on-track equipment and machinesmust be secured to prevent fouling of adjacent tracks.Such equipment must be secured clear of all trackswhen it is placed along right-of-way. In addition tothese safety rules, supervisors must provide necessaryprotection for their personnel according to operatingrules.

Personnel are prohibited from being on rails, ties, orany other part of track structure, except when per-forming duties, or when going to or from work. In thiscase, they must be sufficiently protected to ensuretheir safety. Stepping or walking on rail, derail, frog,switch, interlocking equipment, retarder, loose wheeldetectors, or defective equipment detectors is pro-hibited. Keep hands and feet clear of power switches,derails, and retarders. Obtain permission from the per-son controlling such equipment and take necessary

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precautions to prevent undesired movement beforeperforming any work on them.

Personnel should observe moving trains fordangerous conditions such as overheated journals orshifted lading. If the train crew cannot be alerted byradio or stop signals, the train dispatcher should benotified immediately. Sitting on footboards or steps oflocomotives, or leaning against standing locomotives,cars, or other equipment subject to unexpected move-ment is prohibited. Care must be used in opening orclosing car doors to avoid catching hands in door fac-ings or latches, or being injured by unexpectedmovement or displacement of doors.

Rule 801(D). Track Cars and Work Equipment. Whenstarting motors which must be cranked by hand, lift onthe crank with fingers and thumb on same side of thehandle and keep body as far away as possible, clear ofcrank movement. When starting self-propelled equip-ment by pushing, push from the rear when possible. Ifnecessary to push from the side, personnel must usecare to keep feet away from wheels. Such equipmentmust not be pulled by hand.

Personnel must not ride on cars being towed unlesscars are equipped with hand brakes, handholds, andsill steps. Personnel riding on a motor car or trailermust be seated while the car is in motion and must notobstruct the operator’s view. All occupants must keepa vigilant lookout in both directions. Personnel mustnot sit with their feet between cars that are coupledtogether, nor use their feet against rails, ties, and soforth, to stop cars. Personnel must not ride on foot-boards of locomotive cranes. Personnel must not get

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on or off motor cars while they are in motion, exceptwhen necessary to start cars or to assist cars on agrade. This rule does not apply to hump motor carswhen picking up and letting personnel off; however,when this is done, the speed must not exceed 4 mph.

Motor cars, trucks, and trailers must not beoverloaded. Tools, materials, supplies, and so forth,must be secured so they will not injure personnel, falloff, or prevent the operation of required warningdevices. Trailers, motor cars, burro cranes, or otherunits of on-track work equipment shall not be coupledtogether except by standard equipment couplings.Trailers shall be pulled rather than pushed when possi-ble. Operators and occupants of motor cars mustwatch for obstructions on rails or in flangeways offrogs, switches, and crossings.

When shipping a track motor car or other gasoline-operated machine by train or truck service, thegasoline tank and carburetor must be drained. Alltorpedoes, fusees, and other combustible materialsmust be removed before shipment is made.

When reversing the movement of maintenance-of-way self-propelled equipment, the operator must knowthat all personnel are in the clear. He will blow threeshort blasts on the horn before reversing the move-ment. If the horn is inoperative, or the machine is notequipped with a horn, the operator must not move themachine until he knows that all personnel are in theclear before reversing direction of movement. Whenpersonnel must work closer than 10 feet from the rearof such a machine, the operator must be notified.

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Rule 801(E). Getting On or Off Equipment. Gettingon or off moving equipment is prohibited, except whenperforming duties. Personnel must not get on or off,nor ride the side of a moving flatcar unless the car isequipped with vertical grab irons. Personnel must notget on or off moving locomotives or cars when thespeed is not safe for mounting or dismounting. Whengetting on or off equipment, personnel must face theequipment and have secure handhold and footing.They must watch for equipment on adjacent tracks,close clearances, obstructions, irregularities, or open-ings on the ground. Personnel should get on or off onthe side away from the main track or close clearancewhen conditions permit.

Personnel must not get on or off equipment while itis being coupled. Getting on or off equipment whilecarrying anything that will prevent a secure handholdor otherwise interfere with safe movement is pro-hibited. Personnel must get on or off the trailing end ofrear cars if possible. When getting on or off any carother than the rear car, use the leading end of the car tobe mounted or dismounted, when possible. Personnelmust not stand in front of approaching equipment toboard it. When getting on or off equipment, grab ironsand steps must be used. Jumping off end sills orswinging up or down between two cars or other equip-ment with a hand on each one is prohibited. Beforeattempting to board equipment with bad order shopcard attached, personnel will determine why it wasshopped and avoid using any defective parts.

Rule 801(F). On Locomotives and Cars. When oncabooses, cars, or locomotives, personnel must use care

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to avoid injury from slack action or from sudden startsor stops. In cabooses or locomotives, they must remainseated when duties permit, and wear seat belts whenprovided. Personnel will not ride footboards of anengine.

Train and engine service personnel must not occupythe roof of a car or caboose under any circumstances.Train and engine service personnel and other personnelwhose duties require them to occupy the roof of anengine, car, or caboose may do so only while equipmentis standing.

Personnel must not position any part of the bodybetween the sides or ends of cars and loaded rail,lumber, pipe, or other lading which is likely to shift.Standing on or placing any part of the body on top ofsuch material is prohibited, except when absolutelynecessary by personnel engaged in loading orunloading operations. Sitting on running boards oftank cars, platforms or steps of cabooses andlocomotives, sides of cars, or in doorways is prohibited.Riding on cars, or steps and platforms of locomotivesor cabooses without a secure hold is prohibited. Stand-ing on top of any car near the end or sides, except whennecessary while the car is undergoing repairs, isprohibited.

Do not ride between cars and locomotives unless it ispositively necessary in the performance of duty. Wheremulti-level auto rack cars loaded with automobilesthat extend beyond the end sill are being movedcoupled to another car, employees are prohibited fromoccupying any position between the coupled cars.

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Walking, standing, or sitting on the sides or ends ofopen-top cars is prohibited. Extreme care must be usedin walking over open-top loaded equipment. Do not sit,stand, or step on hand rails, uncoupling rods or levers,couplers, brake wheels, trucks, or the movable portionof center sills.

Riding on or within the swing of raised end gate ofdrop-end gondola cars is prohibited. Before climbingover end gate, personnel must be sure it is securelylatched. Keep hands out of openings between end gatesand top angle or corner post. When a car more than60 feet long is moving through a turnout, crossover, orclose clearance, employees must not ride on that sidewhich is next to the close clearance or any equipmenton an adjacent track.

When opening, closing, or moving throughlocomotive or caboose doors, employees must maintaina firm hold on the knob or handle and keep hands offdoor edges and facings. Ascending or descending endladders between or on leading end of moving equip-ment is prohibited. Use side ladders for this purpose.Jumping from one piece of equipment to another onthe same or adjacent track is prohibited. While onmoving equipment, personnel must maintain a lookoutin the direction of movement for obstructions or closeclearances along side of track. Personnel must not leanout or be on the side of equipment while passing suchpoints.

Personnel are prohibited from going under air dumpcars except when such cars are secured against dump-ing by chains, blocking, or other means. If necessaryfor personnel to stand inside dump cars, they must

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stand at least two feet away from the dump car doors.They must not stand in dump cars while they are beingloaded.

When unloading ballast or other material from hop-per cars, or when cleaning or doing other work whichmakes it necessary for the car doors to be opened,ensure that all personnel understand what is to be donebefore latches are released and doors are opened. Whenentering such cars located over pits or on trestles orfills, personnel must use a safety belt, rope, or lanyardto prevent falling through hoppers. When unloadingmaterial of any kind where it is necessary to bump orjar the cars to dislodge the material, all personnel mustbe off the cars and in the clear before the cars arebumped. Occupation of ballast or hopper cars whilesuch cars are being moved to unload ballast isprohibited.

Enginerooms, cabs, walkways, steps, grab irons, andother safety appliances must not be obstructed bymaterial, supplies, or tools. They must be kept freefrom oil, grease, dirt, rags, and so forth.

Rule 801(G). Operating Hand Brakes. Whenoperating hand brakes, take proper position on or offequipment as required by the type of brake to beoperated. Have secure footing and handhold to preventslipping, falling, strain, sprain, or injury from couplingimpacts. Obtain help when brakes have been set torequire excessive force to release them. Personnel areprohibited from placing their feet in the wheels of handbrakes.

Never use abrake. Stress

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brake club on a vertical wheel handon horizontal brake wheel, with or

without club, shall be toward the car rather than awayfrom it when equipment permits. Use of nonstandardbrake clubs or dangerously worn standard brake clubsis prohibited.

Operate vertical wheel type brakes with one hand,applying stress by pulling upward while maintainingsecure hold with the other hand. When releasing ahand brake equipped with a lever controlled release,keep all parts of body clear of moving parts. W here theuse of hand brakes will be required, they must betested before the cars are cut off or dropped by gravity.Personnel must not apply or release hand brakes onany rolling equipment being moved by a locomotiveuntil such time as the movement comes to a stop,except when a standing test of the hand brake is notconclusive.

Rule 801(H). Operating Switches and Derails. Whenoperating switches and derails, take the followingprecautions:

• Look for moving equipment on adj scent tracksand keep clear of it.

• See that no other personnel are in position to beinjured.

• Ensure that no obstructions will interfere withproper operation.

• Obtain help for switches requiring excessive forceto operate.

• Take position facing the switch or derail squarely.Avoid a twisted or awkward position.

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• Ensure that switch locks and switch point locks, ifany, are removed.

• Keep clear of any movement of switch parts whilereleasing latches.

• While lifting lever, use leg muscles, and keep backstraight to avoid strain.

• Keep feet and hands clear of descending lever orball.

• When operating a high switch stand, pull the levertoward you instead of pushing it away from you.

• Never lift or kick a switch lever with your feet.

• Ensure the switch points or derails have moved toproper position and are secured with switch latch orswitch lock before movement is made.

On-track derails and switch point derails must bekept in the derailing position when not in use.

Rule 801(I). Coupling or Uncoupling Equipment. Thepractice of dropping cars by or making "flyingswitches" is prohibited unless no other means of get-ting around cars are available. Going between or infront of moving engines or cars to couple and uncoupleadjust couplers, knuckles, or lock pins; or tomanipulate angle cocks is prohibited. Kicking, or otheruse of feet to adjust couplers, knuckles, or lock pins isprohibited.

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Before going between standing engines or cars tocouple, uncouple, or make adjustments, observe thefollowing guidelines:

● Have a clear understanding with all persons in-volved to protect against any movement of theequipment.

● Wait until slack has adjusted, paying particularattention to cushion underframe cars.

● Ensure cars are secured if they are on a grade.

While equipment is standing, see that coupling ap-pliances, including knuckle pins, are in place and ingood order, and make any necessary adjustments toensure proper coupling. Always stand to the siderather than directly in front of equipment when ad-justing knuckles or couplers. If equipment is defective,it must be reported to responsible officer. Givingsignal to move while a person is between cars,locomotives, or between locomotives and cars isprohibited.

Before opening an angle cock on an uncoupled airhose, either hold the air hose or take other precautionsto prevent injury from hose movement. Separating airhose by hand before angle cocks are closed is pro-hibited. Air hose couplings must not be struck oradjusted in any manner to stop air leaks until the anglecocks are closed on both sides of the coupling. Use un-coupling lever to uncouple. If the lever is inoperative, stop the movement, cross over, and use the uncouplinglever on other car. When cutting off equipment withthe air hose coupled, keep clear of hoses and flyingdebris.

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Before uncoupling a steam connection, be sure thevalves on both sides of the joint are closed andpressure is relieved. Use caution to avoid being burnedby steam, hot water, hot pipes, and fittings whenhandling steam connectors. Personnel must place andsecure vestibule gates or bars before separatingoccupied passenger, baggage, mail, or express cars.

Rule 801(J). Operating Locomotives. The moving oflocomotives by unauthorized personnel is prohibited.Personnel must not pass from one unit of a locomotiveto another while locomotives are moving except whenit is necessary in the proper performance of duty.When necessary to pass between moving units, safetychains and platforms must be properly positioned andtrain speed must be below 30 mph. Secure handholdsmust be maintained at all times.

Do not open manual blow-down valves on steamgenerators or drain cocks while crossing streets orsidewalks, passing station platforms, crossing bridges,or at other points where persons may be injured.

Do not pick up train orders or other materials fromopen doors of moving locomotives. Keep doors leadingfrom the locomotive cab to the engineroom closed at alltimes. Provide adequate protection before removingsteps from the cab to engineroom or opening the hatchcover in the cab floor. Keep locomotive side and enddoors closed when the locomotive is in service.

All safety appliances, guards, equipment covers, andceiling hatch covers must be in place and securelyfastened while the locomotive is in service. Personnelmust not allow their hands or other parts of their

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bodies or clothing to come in contact with fans,radiator shutters, or automatic equipment. Do notplace face or hands near the main generator or anyhigh-voltage equipment while under load. Do not letlocomotives stand over burning fusees, switch heaters,or other open flame. In case of fire, shut off fuel oil sup-ply to diesel engine by operating the “Emergency FuelCut- Off” device, and opening the main battery switch.

Personnel are prohibited from restricting or interfer-ing with the normal intended function of any device orequipment on locomotives as stated in Rule 611. Per-sonnel must isolate or remove the diesel engine fromthe line before opening doors of high-voltage electricalcabinets. Personnel must isolate or remove the dieselengine from the line before testing or replacing fusees.If circuit breakers, other than those for lighting, arefound tripped while the locomotive is in operation, theunit must be isolated or removed from the line beforetripped breakers are reset.

Caution must be used to avoid striking personnelwhen moving locomotives about shop premises or ser-vice facilities. The bell must be ringing before movingand while passing locations where personnel may beworking. Ensure that no personnel are in a position tobe injured before coupling to or moving a locomotive.Before movement occurs, ensure that hoses, pipes,cables, or anything which may be connected to or lean-ing against locomotives are put in a safe place. Beforeleaving locomotives unattended, personnel mustensure that controls are positioned according to in-structions, and that the locomotives are secured toprevent their movement.

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CHAPTER 9

SPECIAL RULES FOR DUTY PERSONNEL

This chapter contains rules relating to theperformance of specific job functions. They give in-struction to train dispatchers, agents, operators, yard-masters, engineers, conductors, trainmen, firemen, anddrivers.

TRAIN DISPATCHERS

Rule 901. Train dispatchers report to the chief traindispatcher.

Rule 902. Train dispatchers are in charge of the move-ment of trains and have supervision over employeesconnected with those trains.

Rule 903. Dispatchers will issue and record trainorders over the signature of the superintendent andaccording to the rules. They must issue any other in-structions that may be required for the safe and effi-cient movement of trains.

Rule 904. They must be familiar with the physicalcharacteristics of the territory in their charge. Theymust also be familiar with all general orders, bulletinorders, division notices, and other instructions relatingto the movement of trains which are in effect on theirterritory.

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Rule 905. They must maintain an accurate, legiblerecord of the movement of trains and track cars. Theymust record the complete details of all important in-formation relating to the movement or delay of trains.

Rule 906. They must report immediately to the chieftrain dispatcher any violation of the rules and anyirregularity relating to the movement of trains.

Rule 907. They must stay informed of severe weatherand other unusual conditions, and promptly notify thechief train dispatcher if such conditions will affect themovement of trains.

Rule 908. They must apply blocking devices asprescribed by the rules. The time the devices were ap-plied and removed must be recorded in red ink on theDispatcher’s Record of Train Movement. Whennecessary to temporarily nullify protection given byblocking devices to permit a movement over anonrestricted route, the devices must be immediatelyrestored to a restricted position after movement hasbeen made.

Rule 909. They must require responsible personnel topromptly report the departure, passing, and arrival oftrains. In the event of accidents or the existence ofhazardous conditions, immediate action must be takenfor the protection of trains.

Rule 910. Immediately before being relieved of duty,they must enter in ink in their train order book, overtheir signature, a list of all outstanding and unfulfilled

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train orders, track car authorities, the number of thelast general order, bulletin order and division notice,and any other information relating to trainmovements. They must be sure that all orders and in-structions are understood by the relieving traindispatcher, who must sign the transfer in the presenceof the train dispatcher being relieved.

AGENTS AND OPERATORS

Rule 911. Operators, train directors, their assistants,and Ievermen report to the chief train dispatcher orsupervisor of operating rules.

Rule 912. They must be qualified at that particularblock or interlocking station before accepting anassignment for duty.

Rule 913. They are responsible for the delivery of trainorders and messages, the use of blocks, tracks, in-terlocking switches and signals, and for the promptmovement of trains according to the rules. They ensurethat general orders, bulletin orders, and divisionnotices are posted in the proper location.

Rule 914. They must obey the instructions of the traindispatcher and advise him immediately of any condi-tion which may affect normal operation or safety oftrain movements. They must report the weather as re-quired, and promptly advise the train dispatcher incase of sudden change, high water, storm, or fog.

Rule 915. Operators must promptly record and reportto the train dispatcher the direction, time of arrival,time of departure, and the engine number of all trains.

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They must keep an accurate and legible station recordof train and track car movements, and record any per-tinent information affecting the movement of trains.

Rule 916. They must observe passing trains and alsoreport the improper display of markers. When theirduties permit, they must be outside to observe passingtrains. They must respond promptly when called byradio or telephone, and communicate clearly andproperly in compliance with the rules.

When required, they will operate hand-operatedswitches, crossing gates, movable bridges, and otherdevices as designated. In electrical territory, they willoperate power control boards and other devices asdirected by the power directors.

Rule 917. They must apply blocking devices as prescribedby the rules, and record the time they were applied andremoved in red ink on the operator’s station record of trainmovements (see FM 55-20 for an example of DA Form 4093-R, Station Record of Train Movements and Operator’sTransfer). When necessary to temporarily nullifyprotection given by blocking devices to permit a movementover a nonrestricted route, the devices must be immediatelyrestored to restricted position after the movement has beenmade.

Rule 918. They must not leave their duty until theyare relieved and they must notify the train dispatcherpromptly should their relief fail to report at theprescribed time. Displaying unauthorized publica-tions, using unauthorized appliances, and placingnonessential items on interlocking or instrument casesis prohibited.

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Rule 919. They must not permit unauthorized personsinside their office. Operators must not leave theiroffices without permission of the train dispatcher.

Rule 920. Immediately before being relieved of duty,operators must make an ink written transfer on thestation record of train movements over their signature,a list of all outstanding and unfulfilled train orders,track car authorities, and any other informationrelating to train movements. They must make surethat all orders and instructions are understood by therelieving operator, who must sign the transfer in thepresence of the operator being relieved.

YARDMASTERS

Rule 921. Yardmasters report to the terminalsuperintendent or trainmaster.

Rule 922. Yardmasters, within their assigned ter-ritory, are in charge of the movement of trains andengines, the handling of cars, yard personnel, and thetrain and engine crews within the yard.

Rule 923. They are responsible for the prompt move-ment and careful handling of cars. They must requirecrews to be called at the correct time, and they areresponsible for the proper makeup and prompt dis-patcher of trains. They must advise yard clerks toensure that car movements are reported properly.

Rule 924. They must observe regulations governinghours of service and hazardous materials, and mustnotify conductors of any cars placed in their train

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which contain explosives or flammables. They mustensure that train conductors are given waybills for allcars, and any instructions relating to the movement ofrestricted cars. They are responsible for the promptplacement of bad order cars for repair, and for theexpeditious handling of such cars after repairs havebeen completed.

ENGINEERS

Rule 925. Engineers report to the conductor.

Rule 926. They must obey the instructions of roadforemen, trainmasters, train dispatchers, yardmasters,and operators within their jurisdictions. They mustalso follow the instructions of the conductor in chargeof their train, unless by so doing they would endangerits safety or commit a violation of the rules.

Rule 927. Engineers are responsible for the observa-tions of and compliance with the indications of all fixedsignals, and all other signals affecting movements oftheir engine. When the engine is moving, they must bevigilant and use care to prevent avoidable injuries, col-lisions, derailments, and damage to lading andproperty. If anything distracts their attention fromconstant lookout ahead, or if weather or other condi-tions make observation of signals or warnings in anyway doubtful, they must at once regulate the speed oftheir train to make progress entirely safe.

Engineers must check the accuracy of the enginespeed indicator by using their watch, mile posts, and

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timetable speed table. This must be done as soon aspossible after starting each trip. If the indicator isinaccurate or inoperative, the engineer and othermembers of the crew must make sufficient checkswhile en route to ensure that authorized speed is notexceeded. An indicator error in excess of 4 mph mustbe reported as soon as possible to the train dispatcher.Details of the error are outlined on the engineers’ workreport form.

Rule 928. While acting as pilot, they will operate theengine unless otherwise instructed. When there is noconductor, or if the conductor is disabled, they mustperform the duties of the conductor.

Rule 929. The engineers are responsible for the safetyand conduct of other employees on the engine. Theymust be familiar with their duties and issueinstructions when necessary. They must not allow thefireman or student engineer to operate the engineexcept when this can be safely done under their per-sonal supervision. They are responsible for the properoperation of the engine and must not leave it while onduty unless absolutely necessary. If they leave theengine it must be secured.

Rule 930. They must be qualified on the type of engineto which they are assigned. They will be governed bycurrent mechanical, electrical, and air brake instruc-tions on the safety, inspection, preparation, andoperation of trains and engines.

Rule 931. At points where mechanical forces areemployed and on duty, they will accept the inspection

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of the engine by the mechanical forces. Whererequired, engineers must perform the air brake test ontheir engine.

Rule 932. At points where no mechanical forces are onduty, engineers will check the prescribed form in thecab to be sure that all engine units have been inspectedwithin one calendar day. If the units are not withindate, they must make inspection, and record the date,time, and location on the prescribed form in the cab.

Rule 933. During freezing weather, and danger offreeze damage, they must drain the engine coolingsystem, cab heater, flush toilet, water cooler, andwater cooled air compressor of any unit under theircharge that will not restart. All such instruments aredrained according to instructions posted in the cab orunit operating manual. The automatic cooling systemdrain device must not be relied on to drain the unit andaccessories. The train dispatcher must be notified assoon as possible when an engine is shut down andcannot be restarted.

Rule 934. At the completion of each trip, they mustprepare and sign a work report on the prescribed form.

CONDUCTORS

Rule 935. Conductors report to the trainmaster.

Rule 936. They must obey the instructions of train-masters, road foremen, train dispatchers, yard-masters, and operators within their jurisdictions. Theyalso must obey instructions from officers of otherdepartments on matters pertaining to thosedepartments.

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Rule 937. Conductors have charge of the trains towhich they are assigned, and all persons employedaboard are subject to their instructions. They areresponsible for the prompt movement, safety, and careof their trains, and for the vigilance and conduct of per-sonnel. They must ensure that train personnel properlyperform their duties, and they must observe andenforce all rules and instructions.

Rule 938. Conductors of freight trains must not per-mit any person, except railroad officers and trainmenin discharge of their duties, to enter cars, handlefreight, or ride upon the train without the permissionof the proper authority. They must make sure thatmembers of their crew who are required to provide pro-tection as outlined in Rule 99 are familiar with theirduties. They must also be sure that their train has beeninspected and is properly equipped, that air brake ruleshave been complied with, and that prescribed signalsare displayed.

Empty cars must be distributed as billed or asdirected by a division officer. When required,conductors will examine, record, and report theidentifying numbers and condition of seals on cars intheir train, or on cars which they deliver or receive.

Rule 939. Conductors must be familiar with the loca-tion of the emergency brake valve, hand brakes, andcommunicating signal appliances.

Rule 940. Conductors must, when necessary, instructmembers of their crew about the proper performance oftheir duties.

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Rule 941. When a train or engine is standing, the con-ductor must arrange to have both sides of passingtrains inspected when possible.

Rule 942. Conductors must exert proper effort to startand move trains or engines on time. They must not per-mit delay for avoidable causes without permission.

TRAINMEN

Rule 944. Trainmen report to the conductor or otherdesignated officer.

Rule 945. They must obey the instructions of officers,their conductor, the engineer, and officers of otherdepartments on matters pertaining to thosedepartments.

Rule 946. They are responsible for the display of trainsignals, the proper protection of trains, the handling ofswitches, the coupling and uncoupling of cars andengines, and manipulating brakes. They must assistthe conductor or engineer in all duties necessary forthe prompt and safe movement of their train.

Rule 947. The proper place for the forward trainmanon a freight train while the train is in motion is in thecontrolling cab of the engine, or at the leading end ofthe leading unit when it is being controlled fromanother cab.

Rule 948. They must familiarize themselves with thelocation and proper use of the emergency brake valveand communicating signal appliances.

Rule 949. Trainmen are responsible for connecting theair hoses on their train or cuts of cars to be picked upby their train.

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FIREMEN

Rule 950. Firemen report to the engineer or otherdesignated officer.

Rule 951. They must obey the instructions of divisionofficers, and their conductor and engineer.

Rule 952. They must assist the engineer in all thingsnecessary to ensure safe and prompt movement oftheir train or engine.

Rule 953. In passenger service at initial terminals,firemen must start steam generators and be preparedto furnish steam to the train when called for. At finalterminals, firemen must shut down steam generatorsunless otherwise instructed by the proper authority.

Rule 954. Steam generators on diesel units must notbe blown down in the vicinity of passenger stations orat other locations where it would be hazardous or causepersonal injury.

AUTO-RAILER AND TRACKCAR DRIVERS

Rule 955. Track car drivers must obey the instructionsof train dispatchers, yardmasters, and operatorswithin their jurisdictions, and of others with properauthority.

Rule 956. They are responsible for the movement,safety, and care of the track car in their chargeaccording to the rules, special instructions, and trackcar authorities.

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PERSONNEL PERFORMING TRAILER,CONTAINER, AND MULTI-LEVELOPERATIONS

Personnel who perform trailer, container, and multi-level operations should be familiar with procedures tobe followed when engaged in these operations.

Flatcars and multi-level cars must be secured to pre-vent movement before trailers, containers, or vehiclesare loaded or unloaded. All bridge plates must bechecked to ensure that they are in proper position andsecured before any moving, loading, or unloadingoperations begin.

Personnel must keep clear of trailers when tractorsare coupling to them. Before coupling tractor to trailer,apply air to trailer and activate brakes or block wheelsadequately to prevent backward movement of trailer.Trailer brakes must be operative at all times duringloading and unloading operations over ramps.

When trailers are being loaded, the tractor operatormust not back the rear of his trailer any closer than onecar length from the front of the trailer behind him untilhe receives a signal from a member of the loading crewto do so. When work must be done on the leadingtrailer, there must be a clear understanding among allpersonnel, including the driver, of the exact moves tobe made.

When trailers are being unloaded, tractor must notcouple to trailer until the releasing crew is at least twotrailers behind the trailer to which coupling is to bemade. If the releasing crew is not three units behindthe tractor, coupling must not be made until the driver

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has received a signal from the person operating thewrench, from a position clear of the rear of the vehicle.That signal must not be given until it is known that allpersonnel are in a safe position.

Tractor and automobile drivers must operate at safespeeds when loading, unloading, or moving aroundramp areas. Landing gear must be carefully inspectedbefore the loading or unloading operation to make sureit will support the trailer weight. Trailer king pinsshould be hammer tested immediately before couplingtractor. When using a power wrench, keep head andbody clear of the handle. Do not leave the wrench hang-ing in hitch while other adjustments are being made.While hitches are being raised or lowered, keep hands,feet, and other parts of body in the clear. Before liftingtrailer or container with overhead or side loadingequipment, ensure that lifting devices are locked in theproper position.

When trailers, containers, or other vehicles areloaded on piggyback or multi-level cars, all hitches andtie-down attachments must be inspected to ensure thatthey are in place and properly secured before the carsare moved.

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CHAPTER 10

MAINTENANCE-OF-WAY PERSONNEL

This chapter deals with the duties of maintenance-of-way personnel, with regard to protection, tracks andright-of-way, and tools, appliances, and machines usedin the performance of those duties.

GENERAL

Watchmen

Personnel working on or about tracks must be pro-tected by a watchman or by appropriate signals. Thewatchman must be stationed where he can seeapproaching locomotives or cars and be able to warnpersonnel with a whistle, or some other means in timeto allow them to get clear.

Train Clearance

Upon the approach of a locomotive or train,maintenance-of-way personnel must move to a place ofsafety clear of all main tracks. Personnel must ensurethat all tools and materials are removed or placed sothat they will not interfere with the passage of trains.Personnel will observe passing trains for hotboxes orother mechanical defects, signaling the crew asappropriate.

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Flag Protection

Performing work that will obstruct tracks or affectthe movement of trains, without the proper flag protec-tion, is prohibited. Competent flagmen or watchmenequipped with torpedoes and proper signal materials(flags by day and fusees or lanterns by night) will besent a sufficient distance to ensure full protection.They will place two torpedoes and, if conditions ofvisibility require, display lighted fusees. Whennecessary, because of curves or weather conditions,two flagmen will be sent out. The second flagman willbe stationed between the first flagman and the point tobe protected. Torpedoes will not be placed near sta-tions or public crossings or where they may injurepersons.

Fires

Maintenance-of-way personnel must be alert for firesthat may occur along the right-of-way. They mustremove combustible materials from the vicinity oftracks, bridges, and buildings. Water barrels onbridges, trestles, and station platforms must be keptfilled, and defective barrels will be replaced. Personnelmust observe telephone and telegraph lines to see thatpoles and lines are in the proper position, particularlyafter serious storms. Fire coals or ashes seen fallingfrom passing locomotives will be promptly reported todispatchers, giving location, number and direction ofmovement of locomotive, and time seen.

Camp Cars

Personnel are prohibited from entering or leavingcamp or material cars that are standing adjacent to

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main tracks, except through the side or end oppositethe main track.

TRACKS AND RIGHT-OF-WAY

Track Clearances

The space between and beside yard tracks andswitches must be kept clear of tools and materials ifpossible. Materials piled for use on line of road must bekept a safe distance from tracks. Guards will be postedwhen required. Any holes which have been dug neartracks must be filled as soon as possible. Until they arefilled they must be covered or otherwise protected toprevent injury.

Track jacks must be placed on the outside of railswhen possible. When necessary to use jacks to raiserails, flag protection will be provided. Storing tools ormaterial in tunnels is prohibited. Details working in ornear the mouth of a tunnel will stand clear of all trackswhen a train approaches. Personnel who are not able toleave the tunnel will occupy manholes. If possible, tun-nels should be lighted if work is to be performed inthem.

Material and Tool Handling

Use gloves when handling creosoted ties and timberand climbing creosoted poles. Exposed skin should becovered with salve or clean grease when workingamong creosoted materials.

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TOOLS, APPLIANCES,AND MACHINES

When handling tools, appliances, and machines, per-sonnel must comply with the following rules:

● Do not use machines or tools for purposes otherthan those for which they are designated.

● Do not strike hardened bolts, pins, bushings,tempered tools, or any other hardened objects withhard hammers, or other hardened materials.

● Do not use spike mauls to strike chisels, rockdrills, backing out tools, lining pins, other spike mauls,and so forth. Use approved hammers for suchpurposes.

● Do not spike over a rail, except when track struc-ture makes it necessary. Two people must not drive thesame spike at the same time.

● Do not drive claw bars under spike heads withspike mauls. Use sledge hammers for this purpose.

● Do not use lining bars or claw bars to turn rail.Use rail forks or other approved tools for this purpose.

● Do not leave shovels, forks, rakes, hoes, or otherpointed or sharp-edged tools lying with points or edgesup.

● Do not leave tools or material standing or leaningagainst walls, locomotives, cars, or anywhere they mayfall or be knocked down.

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● Use proper equipment or material to align holeswhen inserting rivets, bolts, knuckle pins, and so forth.Personnel must not use fingers to align holes.

● When assisting in the use of chisel bars, punches,rods, or other such equipment, the person holding thetools should stand on the opposite side from the personusing the hammer whenever possible.

● Do not use a file as a wedge or pry bar, strike a filewith or against metal, or use a file without a handle.

● Use a wrench that fits properly. Pipe wrenchesshould be used on pipe or rounded materials only.Where possible, apply force by pulling. If wrench mustbe pushed, do so with open palm. Never applyimprovised extensions to handles of wrenches or othertools to increase leverage.

● Use brooms, bagging, or similar protection whencutting off bolts, nuts, or rivets, and when backing outbolts or rivets. Use canvas or other screens when chip-ping or cutting to prevent injury from flyingfragments.

● Never press a screwdriver into a small object heldin the hand. Use a vise or other means to hold suchmaterials.

● Never sit on, stand on, or straddle a bar or leverwhen using it.

● When moving a car by hand, have the handle ofthe car mover slightly out of line with the rail to avoidcatching fingers.

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● Ensure that jacks have secure and adequatefooting. Except when using jacks in track repair opera-tions, a block of wood or other approved cushioningmaterial must be inserted between the head of the jackand the metal parts being jacked. Use proper jackhandles, and remove handles when jacks are not beingoperated.

● Ensure that all personnel, tools, and materials arein the clear before tripping or otherwise lowering a jackunder load.

● Place track jacks on outside of rail when possible.

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CHAPTER 11

MAINTENANCE-OF-EQUIPMENTPERSONNEL

Maintenance of equipment is essential for the safeand efficient operation of DA railways. The followinginformation covers aspects of maintenance with regardto safety; welding and cutting; cranes, hoists, andderricks; and ladders and scaffolds.

SAFETY

Clothing and Shoes

Personnel must wear suitable clothing and shoes tosafely perform their duties. Safety shoes will be wornwhere conditions and duties present hazards to thefeet. Wearing thin-soled shoes or loose, torn, oily,greasy, or baggy clothing is prohibited.

Tools and Machines

All tools and machines used must be kept in a safeand suitable condition. Personnel are prohibited fromusing appliances, machines, or tools until properly in-structed as to their operation and care. The proper toolmust be used for each job, such as a wrench that fitsproperly. Chisels with mushroomed heads must not beused.

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Repair Tracks

Where work is being performed on shop or repairtracks, switches and derails to such tracks will be keptlocked. Men working on such tracks will be notifiedbefore any switching or movement of cars orlocomotives is performed.

Personnel are forbidden to go under or between carsand locomotives on other than assigned repair tracksuntil they personally know that a blue signal is postedat both ends if necessary. If no blue signals areavailable, other protection must be provided. Steppingor jumping over drop, fueling, or inspection pits, isprohibited.

Shop Precautions

Personnel must use steps to enter and leave pitswhere steps are provided. Leaving manholes and valveboxes open without posting or placing suitable guardsis prohibited. Covers must be properly seated whenreplaced.

Using hands to brush chips from drills, lathes, orother moving tools or machines is prohibited. Leavingtools, materials, or rubbish in aisles or passageways isprohibited. When cutting off bolts, rivets, or chipping,and so forth, shields must be placed in positions to pre-vent injury to personnel from flying parts.

Handtools

In using handtools, personnel must comply with thefollowing rules:

● Do not use files as pry bars, files without handles,and do not strike files with hammers.

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● Do not leave tools or materials on any elevationwhere they might fall or be jarred off, causing hazardsto persons working or passing in the area.

● Do not leave tools or materials standing on end orleaning against walls or other objects where theymight be struck by swinging sledges.

● Do not stand beside personnel using a sledge.

● Do not stand in front of or within the swing ofhammers, sledges, adzes, bars, other similar tools orimplements.

● Use protective goggles when chipping metal.

● Wear goggles in good condition to protect againstsplinters, and sharp or jagged edges when handlingties, lumber, rough freight, or materials.

● Remove all nails, staples, wire, and so forth pro-truding from kegs, packing boxes, or other containers,immediately after they have been opened.

Operating or working near a machine or appliancewithout safety guards in proper position is prohibited.Repairing, cleaning, oiling, or adjusting machinerywhile it is running is prohibited when personnel aresubject to being struck or caught by moving parts. Themachinery must be stopped and the controls must beproperly tagged or otherwise protected before perform-ing such work. Warn other personnel and see that theyare in the clear before starting motors, or othermachinery.

Avoid reaching between, going between, touchingmoving belts and cables, or shifting them by hand. Per-sonnel operating woodworking machines must not

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pass hands between ripsaw and guide when rippingsmall material, or over jointer blades while dressingmaterials less than 1-inch thick or 4-inches wide.Remove loose or scrap material from power saw tableimmediately after cutting.

Before any material is drilled on a drill press, it mustbe properly fastened by means of a vise, clamp, orchuck to prevent it from turning. Hands, tongs,wrenches, or other tools must not be used to hold suchmaterial. Remove chips, cuttings, or scale frommachine tables or moving tools with brushes or otherdevices. All set screws or keys in revolving spindles orshafts must be flush or countersunk.

Do not operate grinding wheels at speeds in excess ofthose recommended by the manufacturer. All grindingwheels must be of a type and size approved for themachine on which they are to be used and must beapplied according to manufacturer’s instructions.Grinding on sides of abrasive wheels not designed forthat purpose is prohibited. A tool rest shall not bemore than 1/8 inch from the wheel. Never attempt toadjust the tool rest while the wheel is in motion.

Keep grinding wheels clean and true by frequentdressing. If a wheel vibrates after dressing, stop themachine and check for other defects. Apply the workgradually to a cold grinding wheel, in order for it towarm up. Always apply the work smoothly and avoidforcing the work to the extent that glazing or breakagemay occur. Use air-operated grinding tools which areequipped with a speed governor in good working order.Repairs or adjustments to speed governors must bemade only by authorized personnel. Place short

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material on power hammer anvil or die with tongs in-stead of hands. When power hammers are not in use,the striker must be left resting on the anvil and thepower must be shut off.

Do not point pneumatic or other power actuatedtools at a person. Before connecting or disconnectingpneumatic tools, close valves at supply lines andrelieve all pressure from hoses. Laying down apneumatic, electric, or other tool while the motor isrunning is prohibited. Place such tools where they willnot be accidentally started. When a reaming or drillingtool which is operated by a portable pneumatic motorbecomes fouled in the hole to the extent that it isnecessary to strike the tool with an object to free it, themotor must be removed from the tool before it isstruck. Personnel working on the opposite side of therail from a power track wrench must not placethemselves in direct line with the bolt being tightened.Electrical tools, both portable and stationary, must beequipped with ground wire before using unless theequipment is double insulated.

WELDING AND CUTTING

The following conditions apply to all personnel whenengaged in welding and cutting. Only qualified person-nel will be permitted to perform welding or cuttingoperations. Personnel performing welding or cuttingwork must use prescribed eye protection and mustwear clothing and shoes that will give protectionagainst sparks and molten metal. Ear screens or otherear protection must be used when welding or cuttingoverhead. Suitable screening devices must be used to

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protect the eyes of other personnel working in vicinityof welding operations.

Inspect cutting and welding equipment carefullybefore beginning each job. Be sure that all parts of theequipment are in good condition, that there are noleaks in gas welding equipment, and that all electricwelding equipment is properly insulated. Weldingmaterial must be kept in an orderly condition. Flam-mable material and debris must be removed from thevicinity before welding or cutting is begun. Fire ex-tinguishers should be kept readily available at alltimes during welding or cutting operations.

Be sure that all oxygen and flammable gas equip-ment and connections are clean. NEVER ALLOW OILOR GREASE TO COME IN CONTACT WITHOXYGEN IN ANY WAY. Before connecting oxygenor flammable gas regulators, the cylinder or stationvalves must be opened slightly for an instant toremove any dirt present. Always use approvedwrenches provided for connecting and disconnectingregulators, hoses, and torches. Pressure adjustingscrews of oxygen and flammable gas regulators mustbe in release position before opening cylinder valves.Always stand to one side and away from front ofregulator gauge faces when opening cylinder valves.Do not open acetylene cylinder valve more than 1 1/2turns. Always use an approved wrench and leave it inplace on the cylinder valve while in use. Open theoxygen cylinder valve slowly until cylinder pressurebuilds upon the regulator gauge, then open valve fully.Pressure of acetylene in hose or pipe line must not ex-ceed 15 pounds per square inch.

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Always close the cylinder valves and releasepressure adjusting screws when moving equipmentfrom one place to another or when leaving equipmentunattended. Do not tamper with or attempt to repaircylinder valves, regulators, or torches. If they do notwork properly, turn them in for repairs or replacement.Do not tighten a regulator to cylinder connectionwithout first closing the cylinder valve. Never placetools, clothes, or material on top of cylinders orregulators.

Never use fire for the purpose of finding leaks. Leaksshould be located by applying soap and water. A leak-ing gas cylinder must be placed in the open air, thevalve opened, and all fire and open lights kept awayuntil the gas has escaped from the cylinder. The valvemust then be closed.

In case of fire in or around gas welding or cuttingequipment, immediately close the cylinder or stationvalves. In case of flash-back, first close the oxygenvalve at once—a delay is dangerous—then close theflammable gas valve if necessary. A spark lighter mustbe used to light torches. Using matches or other openflames is prohibited. Always see that torch valves areclosed before the torch is laid down for any purpose.Place the torch where it will not be damaged, con-taminated with dirt or grease, or the valves will not beaccidentally struck and opened. Do not leave the torchin such position that gas could escape into a confinedspace.

Always maintain properand do not allow torches torepairs are being made to

gas mixture adjustments,become overheated. Whenoxygen or flammable gas

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pipe line and the supply valve must be closed, a protec-tive tag is attached to the valve. When the work isfinished the tag must be removed only by the sameworkmen or craft that applied it. Oil-based pipe jointcompounds must not be used on gas line connections.Before burning through sheet, plate, or other materialpersonnel must ensure that no persons are in a positionto be burned or struck by falling material. Do not useoxygen as a substitute for compressed air or as asource of pressure.

Before leaving equipment unattended or when workis finished, close oxygen and flammable gas cylinder orstation valves tightly. Open torch valves to relievepressure in the hoses. Release pressure adjustingscrews on regulators where used. If hoses are removedfrom station, apply caps to station connections.

All compressed gas cylinders must be stored in awell-ventilated location and 20 feet away from highlycombustible materials, including grease and oil,stoves, or other sources of heat. Oxygen cylindersmust be separated from flammable gas cylinders by 20feet or by a noncombustible partition at least 5-feethigh. This partition must haved a firm resistant ratingof at least 1/2-hour. Acetylene, LP gas, and liquid oxy-gen cylinders should be stored, transported, and usedin a vertical position. Keep open lights and fires awayfrom all cylinders at all times.

All compressed gas cylinders, either loaded orempty, must be handled carefully. Do not drop or per-mit them to strike other cylinders, or subject them toany great shock or concussion. All cylinders must besecured to prevent them from falling or being knocked

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over. Valve protection caps must be kept in place andtight at all times when cylinders are not in active use.Always protect hose from being run over or trampled,and avoid tangles and kinks.

Provide ventilation when flammable gas hose isremoved from equipment and stored. To protectagainst fire or explosion, never enter a confined spacewith a lighted torch, or attempt to light a torch orstrike an arc in any area where the odors of acetyleneor other gaseous vapors are detected. Hoses of suffi-cient length must be used to prevent taking flammablegas cylinders into confined spaces. Before entering aclosed place to do any flammable gas welding or cut-ting, make sure there are no leaks in any part of theequipment. Do not operate a torch with the hosethrown over the shoulder; keep the hose as far awayfrom the body as possible.

Tanks, drums, other closed containers, and hollow orcored castings must be adequately vented before beingheated. If a tank or container has been previouslyused for any flammable or poisonous material, it mustbe thoroughly drained, washed, and steamed outbefore cutting, welding, brazing, soldering, or applyingheat in any way. Arrange for good ventilation whenwelding or cutting brass, bronze, galvanized iron, orpainted metal. The use of cadmium-based silver solderis prohibited.

When a welder leaves electrical welding equipmentunattended, electrode holder and leads must beproperly placed to prevent short circuits or electrical

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burns. Welder power supply must be in the OFF posi-tion. Before starting an electrical weld, ground wiremust be firmly secured as close as possible to thematerial to be welded. Do not connect ground wire towater, steam, air, gas, or other pipe lines for electricalcontinuity purposes except when performing specificwelding work on such equipment. When welding onlocomotives, cars, or machines, ground wire must beattached to the frame or body to avoid passing currentthrough bearings or gears. Welding on track struc-tures without providing required protection forwelders and equipment is prohibited.

Molten metal used in foundry or rail welding opera-tions will explode upon contact with cold, damp, or wetmaterials. Therefore, molds and skimming tools mustbe warm and dry before being used. Do not pourmolten metal on the ground. Leggings, approved gog-gles, gloves, sleeves, and adequate foot protectionmust be worn when welding with or otherwise handlingmolten metal.

CRANES, HOISTS, AND DERRICKS

The use of cranes, hoists, and derricks is one of themajor labor saving devices in the maintenance depart-ment; it can be one of the most dangerous if not usedproperly. Rules must be observed to avoid injury topersonnel using such machinery. Before using craneshoists, derricks, or similar equipment, the operatormust know that the equipment, including pulleys,cables, and drums, is in safe condition and that allsafety guards are in place. Brakes and limit switches

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must be tested periodically to ensure that they are inproper condition and operating properly.

Hand signals or verbal instructions for operatinghoisting equipment must be given only by thedesignated person. Operators of hoisting equipmentmust not act upon signals or instructions, exceptSTOP signals, unless they are given by the designatedperson. Where two cranes or derricks are lifting thesame load, one person is designated to direct the move-ment of both.

The hoisting equipment operator must not move theequipment without clearly understood signals or in-structions. When hand signals are being used, the per-son giving the signals must remain in sight of theoperator at all times. Hand signals are given accordingto the standard code as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6. Standard Crane and Derrick Hand Signals

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Figure 6. Standard Crane and Derrick Hand Signals (cont)

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Figure 6. Standard Crane and Derrick Hand Signals (cont)

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Figure 6. Standard Crane and Derrick Hand Signals (cont)

Place the block or hook directly over the load, ifpossible, to prevent the load from dragging orswinging when lift is made. If material being handledgets out of control, employees must not attempt tocatch or rebalance it, until swinging material comes torest.

The supervisor, or the person designated by him,must see that the crane capacity is not exceeded andthat rail clamps and outriggers are properly used whenprovided. He must also ensure that hooks, chains,cables, ropes, slings, and so forth, used for hoistingpurposes are the proper size and in condition to safelyhandle the load. The capacity of cranes, hoists, or der-ricks must be posted in operating cab, or at otherlocations readily visible to the operator.

Do not attach the hook of the crane or hoist blockdirectly to an object being moved. Chains, slings, orother lifting accessories must be used. Personnel must

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see that attachment to the load is secure and properlymade to prevent slipping. Crane operators must, whenpossible, see that this is done.

Carrying a load over workmen is prohibited. Properwarning must be given to alert persons in or near thepath of a moving load or load-handling equipment. Donot move crane, hoist, or derrick when the load is sway-ing or turning excessively. The operator of hoistingequipment must never lift a load with a sudden jerk orlower it with a sudden stop.

Before moving a crane from which an empty sling ishanging, both ends of the sling must be hooked to theblock. The hooks and attachments must be highenough to clear obstacles. Personnel must placethemselves in a position so they cannot be caught be-tween an obstruction and the load being handled or theload-handling equipment. Be alert for unexpectedswing or shifting of loads. Do not leave hoisting equip-ment unattended with load, bucket, magnet, or otherheavy attachments suspended.

The crane or derrick boom must be lowered to a caror the ground for lubrication, inspection, or repair. Theboom must be secured to prevent movement when it isnot in use. When guiding suspended loads, push ratherthan pull when possible. Keep hands and feet fromunder load. Use tag lines on bulky or awkward loads.Before unhooking a sling, be sure that the load has set-tled and take a position to avoid being struck by thesling or any part of the load.

When working around electric wires, use extremecare in handling hoisting equipment because there is

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danger in current traveling from wires to boom. Nopart of equipment or load must be permitted to comewithin 10 feet of high-tension wires unless they havebeen de-energized.

LADDERS AND SCAFFOLDS

Railway equipment maintenance personnel are con-stantly using ladders and scaffolds in their repairwork. They must know how to safely use equipment.Personnel must see that ladders are of adequatelength. Placing a ladder on a box, barrel, block, orother object to increase the reach is prohibited. The useof improvised ladders is prohibited.

Straight ladders must be placed on solid footing,secured against slipping by the use of spikes, safetyfeet, or other means, and supported at the upper end toprevent twisting. Straight ladders should be placed sothat the horizontal distance from the base to the sup-port against which the ladder is leaning is aboutone fourth the length of the ladder.

Extension ladders must be properly assembled andcarefully raised to ensure that sufficient overlap ismaintained and that guides and hooks are engaged.Step ladders must be fully opened, with spreaders set,and placed on a solid level surface. The use of step lad-ders as straight ladders is prohibited.

Personnel must face ladders and hold on with bothhands when ascending or descending. If tools ormaterial must be handled, use a hand line. Do not

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climb higher than the third rung from the top ofstraight ladders or the second step from the top of stepladders. Ladders must not be used in a horizontal posi-tion as a scaffold or scaffold member.

Personnel must see that scaffolds are properly con-structed or assembled, are of sufficient strength for therequired load, and are approved by the properauthority before being used. Scaffold boards used onsectional metal scaffolds must be equipped with cleatson the under side. Where such scaffolding is equippedwith wheels, they must be locked before climbing orworking from the scaffold. Special care must be takenin the placing of hooks for suspended scaffolding to en-sure that they will safely support the intened loads.Hooks must not be in a position where they may bedisturbed or dislodged.

All scaffolding must be provided with hand railingsand toe boards. Do not move scaffolds or ladders frompoint-to-point while personnel are on them. Take thenecessary precaution to assure that tools andmaterials will not fall when moving such equipment.Scaffolds and ladders in use at locations where personsor vehicles could collide with them should be properlyprotected, and ropes or other means should beused to protect persons from falling objects.

Do not reach or lean out more than an arm’s lengthfrom the edge of a ladder, scaffold, or elevated plat-form. Do not use metal ladders or scaffolds where theymay come in contact with electrical wires or equip-ment. Do not perform electrical work while standingon portable metal ladders. Personnel performing work

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from metal scaffolding must take necessary precau-tions to prevent electrical shock. Except when a scaf-fold or other protection is provided, a safety belt,safety net, or guard line must be used by all personnelwhile working.

ELECTRICAL AND LINE WORK

Only qualified persons charged with that duty shallinstall, or make repairs or adjustments to electricalsystems or tools, machinery, and apparatus. Whenpossible, disconnect the power source before workingon an energized circuit or equipment. Take care toavoid coming in contact with water, steel bridges,ground wires, guy wires, and all other circuits whenworking on any power circuit regardless of voltage.

Do not climb power line poles, radio towers,floodlight towers, or other such structures or entersubstations or power plants without authorization.Examine every pole, tower, ladder or other structure,including bases, before attempting to climb it. Ensurethat structures are sound enough to support theweight to be placed upon or against it. All equipmenton the structures must also be examined before sitting,leaning, standing, or otherwise placing strain on it.Two or more persons must not climb up or down a poleor ladder at the same time. The succeeding personmust wait until the one preceding is either in positionat the top or in the clear at the bottom. Use both handswhen ascending or descending ladders, poles, or struc-tures. Body belts, shoulder straps, or pockets must beused to carry small tools or material. Hand lines must

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be used for heavier items. Exercise extreme care to pre-vent injury as a result of materials being thrown ordropped.

Use prescribed protective equipment and tools when- working on electrical wires or apparatus. Such equip-ment must be regularly inspected and tested to ensurethat it is in safe condition. When working on or han-dling wire, rope, or cables on curves or comers, person-nel must not stand in the inside angle unless they areproperly protected.

Be careful when cutting copper, bronze, orgalvanized guy wire to prevent injury due to flyingends. In replacing a defective pole with a new one, theold pole must be inspected and positively securedbefore climbing or transferring any wires. Beforeremoving any wire from any pole or structure, positivesupports such as, but not limited to, guying, piking, orroping must be used to assure that removal of suchwire(s) will not permit the pole or structure to fall.

All wires and circuits are to be considered energizedat all times unless personnel have positive knowledgeto the contrary. The insulation on tools or wires alonemust not be relied upon for protection. When electricalcircuits are opened for work, the power control devicesshall be locked or blocked open, and protective tags ordevices shall be removed only by the same workman orcraft that applied them.

Before beginning work on high-voltage lines orequipment to de-energize them, workmen shall makecertain that the current source has been disconnected.

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The de-energized lines or equipment shall then begrounded on both sides of the personnel who willpeform the work. Before working on a high-voltagecapacitor the terminals shall be grounded, using an ap-proved grounding lead insulated equally to thecapacitor voltage rating.

Before making repairs to a transformer, disconnect-ing switches on both sides must be opened and thetransformer grounded. If the transformer is notequipped with disconnecting switches, the primaryand secondary connections shall be disconnected. Cur-rent or series transformers with energized primarywindings shall have their secondary windings shortcircuited when not in use.

Any act which will raise or destroy the protective ac-tion of fuses or circuit breakers is prohibited exceptwhen done in emergencies by qualified personnel.When possible, de-energize circuits before replacingfuses. Use care at all times to prevent water from hosestream or other sources from coming in contact withelectrical wires and equipment. This also applies toliquids contained in fire extinguishers, except whendirections on the extinguisher specify that it may beused on electrical fires.

Personnel must not work on live conductors fromabove when such work can be done from below. Allelectrical wiring, other than of temporary oremergency nature, shall be installed according to localor national codes. Do not work around wires or elec-trical apparatus during electrical storms unlessabsolutely necessary.

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APPENDIX

Preparation Instructions

Follow these instructions to complete DD Form 4092-R.

Train Order No. — Enter the number the dispatcherrelays to the operator.

From — Enter the dispatcher location issuing theorder and the current date.

To C & E — Enter correct train identification or theaddresses (for instance, yard engines, yardmaster, andso forth).

At (Station) – Enter the station name copying theorder.

X — Enter an “X” when using the “X” response asdirected by the dispatcher.

Operator – Enter the last name of the operator usingthe “X” response

Time — Enter the time the “X” response was used.

Train Order — Enter the correct instruction using theproper form at all times.

Repeated – Used when dispatcher uses the “X”response and the operator requested the order out ofsequence. Enter the time the train order was repeated.

Chief Dispatcher – Enter the initial of the chiefdispatcher as relayed by dispatcher.

Made – Enter “com” (complete) after the dispatcherhas "OK'D" or completed the order which is after theoperator has repeated it.

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Time — Enter the time dispatcher "OK'D" or com-pleted the train order.

Operator – Enter the last name of the operator copy-ing the train order.

Instructions to complete DD Form 4091-R are asfollows.

Date – Enter current date.

Station — Enter the name of the issuing station.

Conductor and Engineer — Enter the correct trainidentification designator.

Orders — Enter the number of all orders that areapplicable to the train as sent by the dispatcher.there are no orders, enter none in the space.

Ok At (Time) – Enter the time the dispatcher"OK'D" the clearance form.

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Chief Dispatcher — Enter the initial of the chiefdispatcher that "OK"D" the clearance order as relayedby the dispatcher.

Do Not Leave Before — Completed as required by thedispatcher.

Block – Enter the block designated if required by thedispatcher.

Operator – Enter the last name of the operator copy-ing and issuing the clearance order.

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GLOSSARY

APB absolute permissive block

ABS automatic block signal system

ACS automatic cab signal system

ATS automatic train stop

CTC centralized traffic control

DT double track

TWC track warrant control

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REFERENCES

REQUIRED PUBLICATIONS

Required publications are sources that usersmust read in order to understand or to complywith this publication.

Field Manual (FM)

55-20 Army Rail Transport Unitsand Operations

Army Regulation (AR)

611-201 Enlisted Career ManagementFields and MilitaryOccupational Specialties

RELATED PUBLICATIONS

Related publications are sources of addi-tional information. They are not required inorder to understand this publication.

Army Regulations (ARs)

55-255 Railroad Equipment

56-3 Objectives and Policy forArmy Rail Equipment:Management of Army RailEquipment

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INDEX

Abbreviations,16, 91, 92Absolute permissive block, 135Accidents, reporting, 183Agent, station, 182, 206Air hose, 213Aspects, See Signal aspectsAuto-railer, 214

Block signals, 132, See also SignalsBlock system rules, 135

Suspension of, 149Boarding, riding, and alighting

from locomotives and cars, 195, 197

CarsMotor, 193Track, 191

Cars and locomotives, couplingand uncoupling, 59, 200

Cranes, operating precautions, 232

Derrick, standard crane and, 233Definitions, See TermsDuty positions, rules of, 204, 217Distant signal, 130

Enginemen and firemen, 213, 214Engineers, 209Engine bell, 28

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Fire prevention, 218, 228, 229Flagmen and brakemen, 50Flag protection, 50Fusees

Use of, 50Unattended, 27

General rules, 6, 174, 217

Hand brakes, 60, 198Hoists, See also Cranes, operatingprecautions

InspectionWatch, 17Train, 73, 74

Ladders, use of, 238Lights, train and engine, 30, See also

Signals, light

Maintenance-of-equipment personnel, 223Maintenance-of-way personnel,

safety of, 217Markers, train and engine, 32, 33Material and tool handling, 219Materials-handling equipment, 219Multi-level operations, 215

Operators, telegraph and telephone, 183,See also Right-of- Way Safety, Radio

Operating rules, 13, 14, 17

Radio procedure, 167Railways, Department of Army, 6Register time inspection, 17

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Right-of-way safety, 219Block signal, 132, 135Conductors, 211 through 213Engine crew and train crew, 213, 214Engineman and fireman,213, 214Flagman and brakeman, 50General rules, 174Interlocking, 78Movement, 41Numbering, 48Radio, 167Station agent, 182

Safety rules, 12, 204, 223, See alsoDuty Positions, rules of

Schedules, 19Shop precautions, 224Signal aspect, 130Signals

Block, 132, 135Blue signal, 34 through 39Communicating, 21 through 24, 28Engine whistle, 28 through 31Flag, 24 through 26, 39

Restrictions, 24 through 26Location, 26Protection, 26, 27

Hand, 22Light, 30 through 32

Improper display, 39Observe and call. 39Prescribed, 22Stop, 39Train order, 90

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Use of, 21Special rules, 14 through 16, 204Station agent, 182Switches, 63, 64

Terms, 6 through 12, 34, 35Time, standard, 17, 20Timetables, 18 through 20Torpedoes, 27Track clearances, 219Track permit, 132Track warrants and bulletins, 156, 162

Transmitting, 172Train and engine crews, 213, 214Train orders, 75

Examples of, 93 through 129Prescribed forms, 90Signals, 89Transmitting, 172

TrainsMovement of, 41, 206Superiority of, 40Work, 45, 48

Trainmen, 213

Watches, 17Watchmen, 217Welding, 227Whistle signal, 29Wire safety, 232, 240, 241

Yardmaster, 208Yard limit, 47

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FM 55-21

17 JULY 1989

By Order of the Secretary of the Army:

CARL E. VUONOGeneral, United States Army

Chief of Staff

Official:

WILLIAM J. MEEHAN IIBrigadier General, United States Army

The Adjutant General

DISTRIBUTION:

Active Army, ARNG, and USAR: To be distributedi n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h D A F o r m 1 2 - 1 1 E ,requirements fo r FM 55 -20 , A rmy Ra i lTransport Units and Operations (Qty rqr blockno. 391).

✩ U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1989—627-027/80230

PIN: 066440-000