Hospital Practice &

Care of PatientRAD 104

Drugs in Radiology department

Drugs in the Radiology Department

original simple medicinal substance.

What is a Drug?:

drug vs medicine

Drugs in the Radiology DepartmentWhat is a Drug?: original simple medicinal substance.

Drugs in the Radiology Department

drug categories of in the Radiology :

1. Preparation drugs.

2. Contrast media.

3. Resuscitation drugs.

Nomenclature:Method of classification

Drugs in the Radiology Department

Forms

Drugs in the Radiology DepartmentForms• Tablet • Capsule• Inhalation

• Suppository• Solution• Suspension• Transdermal patch

Routes of Administration• Oral / Sublingual• Inhalation• Transdermal (Patch / Topical

Cream / Ointment)

• Parenteral (injection)• Intramuscular• Subcutaneous• Intravenous

•Rectal

1.Checking the medication( date, name, strength, time, route, duration & refills) or(Right Drug/ Amount /Patient / time / rout)

2.Preparing the medication.

3.Checking the patient identification.

4.Reassuring the patient.

5.Assisting the Radiologist with administration.

6.Monitoring patient's progress post

administration.

Role of the Radiographer in drug administration-:

It is important to remember that the Radiologist will

•Select the drug & Dosage

•Determine the route of administration

Poisons and Dangerous DrugsPoisons Drugs:

All drugs are considered poisonous if not indicated or the dose is higher than neededDangerous DrugsDrugs controlled by “Dangerous Drugs Act “DDA". They cause addiction or habit forming. Such as:Morphine, Pethidine, Opium, HeroinThey are kept locked in a DDA box and the

key is kept with the person in-charge of that area

Preparation Drugs used to prepare patients before radiographic examination

Aperients and Suppositories:• a. Castrol oil• b. Dulcolax, Bisacdoyl• d. Liquid paraffin• e. Magnesium sulphate. Sedative:• a. Pethidine.• b. Morphine• c. Scopolamine• d. Omnopon.

Local Anestheticsa. Lignocaine 2% and 1%b. Xylocaine 2% gel.c. Sodium pentothal.d. Lignocaine hyd. 4% spray.e. Amethocaine 1%

Analgesics:a. Panadole b.profen c. Aspirin.

Skin Cleansing lotions:a. Surgical spirit.b. Savlonc. Hibitane .05%

• Radiolucent (negative)–low (Z) - Allows XR photons to pass

• Radiopaque (positive)– positive - High (Z) - Absorbs XR photons

Contrast Media in Radiology

Purpose :To Visualize anatomic detail

Read the history,

Contrast Media in Radiology

Positive Vs Negative

– Barium– Iodine– Gadolinium

– Air– Oxygen– Carbon Dioxide– Nitrous Oxide

Positive Contrast Media

Based on these materials with high atomic number

• Barium z56

• Iodine z53

• Gadolinium z64

Atomic number of AirAir is mostly Nitrogen & Oxygen 78% is Nitrogen (atomic number Z 7)21% Oxygen (atomic number Z 8)

There are trace of Argon and Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Water vapor (humidity)The effective Z of air is 7.372754 ( dependent on temperature and humidity)

Negative Contrast Media

An example

Positive Contrast Media

Negative Contrast Media

positive Vs Negative

Double Contrast Media

29

MRI with contrastWithout With

Mild Moderate

Severe

Reaction to drugs ( contrast Media)

Resuscitation Drugs(Anti-reactional drugs):

1. Adrenaline: Raises the blood pressure and increase cardiac output.2. Benadryl: Stimulates and restore.3. Aminophylline stimulates the vascular tissue of the heart.4. Calcium chloride Restores the heart tone and has an enhanced effect when used in conjunction with adrenaline.5. Corticosteroids: Reduces allergic reactions.6. Nikethamide : A respiratory stimulant.7. Methedrine: 8. Indra: Decreases cardiac excitability9. Lignocaine 2%10. Phenergan and antihistamines Reduces allergic reactions in the body11. Sparine12. Pentothal : An intravenous anesthetic.

Some of the drugs used to Resuscitate a person who has his vital signs compromised or has developed a reaction to another drug or contrast media drugs):

Storage of drugs

1. All the drugs must be kept in separate cupboards according to their usage.

2. Drugs given orally and injections must not be mixed up with cleansing lotions.

3. The drugs labels must be clear and readable.

4. The store-room should be well lit.

5. The temperature of the store-room should be refrigerated temperature.

6. All the contrast media must be kept in a separate cupboard and in a separate container according to their name and percentage.

7. Cupboard should be marked with "Contrast Media".

8. Anti-reaction drugs should be kept; also in separate cupboard and in a separate containers according to their names.

9. All the drugs must be kept under lock and key must be kept with senior radiographer.

Storage of drugs