queens chamber of commerce vision 2020

New York City, 19th c.

Lower Manhattan, circa 1930s

Greenpoint Terminal Market, Brooklyn

Harlem River Park, Manhattan

BEFORE AFTER

TRANSFORMATIONS ON THE WATERFRONT

Manhattan, Hudson River Waterfront, Pier 66

BEFORE AFTER


Brooklyn Bridge Park, East River Waterfront

BEFORE AFTER


Concrete Plant Park, the Bronx

BEFORE AFTER


• 520 miles.

• An international harbor city.

• Water as part of New Yorker’s daily experience.

THE OPPORTUNITY

VISION 2020: NEW YORK CITY COMPREHENSIVE WATERFRONT PLAN

VISION 2020 PROCESS

Phase 1: Identify Goals and Issues, Spring 2010• Citywide Public Meeting, April 8

Phase 2: Identify Opportunities and Priorities, Summer 2010• The Bronx Workshop, May 12• Brooklyn, May 17• Queens, June 2• Manhattan Workshop, June 8• Staten Island, June 28• The Blue Network, June 24 and July 19

Phase 3: Identify Recommendations, Fall 2010• Draft Recommendations Issued, September 7• Citywide Public Meeting, October 12


VISION 2020 PROCESS

GOAL 1

Expand public access to

the waterfront and

waterways on public and

private property for all

New Yorkers and visitors

alike.


Franklin D. Roosevelt Boardwalk and Beach on the Atlantic Ocean Staten Island

Daniel Avila, NYC Department of Parks & Recreation

GOAL 2


Enliven the waterfront

with a range of attractive

uses integrated with

adjacent upland

communities.

Walkway at Northside Pier in Williamsburg, Brooklyn

GOAL 3


Support economic

development activity on

the working waterfront.

Crew of the Thomas J. Brown pulling in slack line from a

barge.

© Carolina Salguero

GOAL 4


Improve water quality through measures that benefit natural habitats, support public recreation, and enhance waterfront and upland communities.

Oysters from the Bay Ridge Flats Restoration Project..

GOAL 5


Restore degraded natural waterfront areas, and protect wetlands and shorefront habitats.

American Oystercatchers in Jamaica Bay.

Dan Riepe

GOAL 6


Enhance the public experience of the waterways that surround New York—our Blue Network.

On the Hudson River near the George Washington

Bridge.

Daniel Avila, NYC Department of Parks & Recreation

GOAL 7


Improve government regulation, coordination, and oversight of the waterfront and waterways.

Construction of the new WNYC Transmitter Park on the East River, Brooklyn

GOAL 8


Identify and pursue strategies to increase the city’s resilience to climate change and sea level rise.

The seawall at Battery Park City, Manhattan

22

Waterfront Revitalization Program (WRP)

23

What is the WRP?

The Waterfront Revitalization Program is a regulatory review tool.

All projects within New York City’s Coastal Zone which require a federal, state or city discretionary action are subject to WRP review.

Background

24

There are 10 policy areas in the WRP:

1. Residential and Commercial Redevelopment2. Maritime and Industrial Development3. Waterways Usage4. Ecological Resources Protection5. Water Quality6. Flooding and Erosion7. Hazardous Materials8. Public Access9. Visual Quality10. Historic, Archaeological, and Cultural Resources

Background

25

Introduce Climate Change to the WRP

• Require projects to closely examine the risks associated with coastal flooding based on climate change projections.

Governors Island Park Master Plan takes in sea level rise into consideration, elevating many sections of the park above the projected future flood plain.

Image: West 8 Team

26

COASTAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE

Urban Waterfront Adaptive Strategies

26Photo: dland Studio

The coastal zone is large and diverse. Different areas face

different risks and will require different strategies.

Alley Pond Creek, Queens

Rockaways, Queens

Upper Bay

Williamsburg, Brooklyn

COASTAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE URBAN WATERFRONT ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES


28

Coastal hazards range from sudden and severe events to gradual changes in conditions.

High Tide Flooding Due to Sea Level Rise

Long Term Erosion

Storm Surge Flooding

Rapid Erosion

Wave Forces

Coastal Hazards



Coastal Area Typologies 29

Geologic Formations

Sources: Reconnaissance Soil Survey, New York City Soil and Water Conservation District, 2005

Landforms created by glacial processes relate to underlying soil composition and land elevation.

Lower-lying areas are generally more vulnerable to storm surge. Softer soils are generally more vulnerable to erosion.



Exposure to Wave ForcesAreas with a greater distance to an adjacent shoreline (“fetch”) are more exposed to waves.

High Fetch

Low Fetch

Waves are also highly dependent on the direction of winds during a storm. FEMA’s V zones are mapped to areas where there is a risk of significant wave action.

FEMA Special Flood Hazard Areas

CONFIDENTIAL


Some low-lying areas of New York City will be flooded in the future from regular tides, even without a coastal storm.

Coastal Area Typologies

Hamilton Beach, Queens, Spring High Tide



Geomorphology Categories

Oceanfront Beaches

Bay and estuary plains, natural shores

Bay and estuary plains, hardened shores

Oceanfront plains, hardened shores

Sheltered Rocky Bluffs

Sheltered Bluffs, reinforced shores

Oceanfront Slopes

Sheltered Slopes, hardened shores

Rocky/Sandy Sheltered Slopes

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Exposure to:SurgeErosionWaves

High Medium Low

SLR



Land Use Types

One-Two Family Buildings

Multi-family Walkup Buildings

Multi-family Elevator Buildings

Mixed commercial/residential

Commercial – Office Buildings

Industrial - Manufacturing

Transportation - Utility

Public Facilities - Institutions

Open Space

Parking Facilities

Vacant Land

We sampled 65 areas of the city to arrive at coastal area typologies.


34Coastal Area Typologies

Selected Typology Open Space Low/Medium Density Industrial

Industrial/Low Density Residential

Industrial/ Medium Density Residential

Low Density Residential

Medium Density Residential

High Density Residential / Commercial

Very High Density Commercial

Oceanfront BeachesOrchard Beach

(#527) (also Breezy Point; Great Kills

Park)

Midland Beach (#459); Belle Harbor

South (#433); Sea Gate (#49);

Manhattan Beach (#56)

Coney Island West (#54); Rockaway

Beach (#530)

Bay and estuary plains, natural shores

Pelham Bay Park (#290) (also Jamaica

Bay, portions of Staten Island West

Shore)

Kreisherville (#491) (Also Gowanus Bay,

Flushing Creek)

Douglaston (#351); Broad Channel

(#393); Far Rockaway (#400); Canarsie

(#98)

Marine Park (#71); Edgemere (#405);

Starrett City (#531); Coop City (#273)

Bay and estuary plains, hardened shores

Bloomfield (#506); Bowery Bay (#318;

Newtown Creek East (#529)

Gowanus East (#528); Gowanus West (#24);

Red Hook (#21); Newtown Creek West

(#2); Greenpoint North (#7); Long Island City(#306);

Mott Haven (#205); Greenpoint West

(#10); Sherman Creek (#144);

Gerritsen Beach (#68); Great Kills (#471); Howard

Beach North (#361); Belle Harbor North

(#412)

East Harlem South (#156); East Village (#166); East Harlem North (#152); North

Corona (#325)

Chelsea (#120), Soho/Tribeca (#117)

Battery Park City (#115); Lower

Manhattan (#171)

Oceanfront plains, hardened shores Gravesend Bay Bath Beach

Sheltered Slopes, hardened shores

Flushing Bay (#331); Port Morris (#290); Sunset Park South

(#30)

Mariner's Harbor (#516)

DUMBO (#15); Edgewater (#526)

Throggs Neck (#258); Whitestone (#340);

Country Club (#266); City Island (#297);

College Point (#335)

Bay Ridge (#35); Astoria (#310)

Brooklyn Heights (#18); Kips Bay

(#163)

Rocky/Sandy Sheltered Slopes Westchester Creek

(#248)Lower Bronx River

(#218) Riverdale (#191)

Oceanfront slopes Butler Manor Woods Prince's Bay (#478); Tottenville (#484)

Sheltered, rocky bluffs Inwood Hill Park Norwood (#224)

Sheltered bluffs, reinforced shores

West Harlem (#134); Morris Heights

(#199)Upper West Side

(#126)



Land Use Types

One-Two Family Buildings

Multi-family Walkup Buildings

Multi-family Elevator Buildings

Mixed commercial/residential

Commercial – Office Buildings

Industrial - Manufacturing

Transportation - Utility

Public Facilities - Institutions

Open Space

Parking Facilities

Vacant Land

We sampled 65 areas of the city to arrive at coastal area typologies.


Coastal Area Typologies

Different areas face specific types and levels of risks, and therefore require different strategies.

COASTAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE COASTAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE

Miami Beach

37

COASTAL REACH STRATEGIES

In-Land Shoreline In-Water

Bulkhead

Seawall

Revetment

Levee/Dike

Beaches & Dunes

Groin

Floating Islands

Living Shoreline

Breakwater

Artificial Reef

ConstructedWetland

Constructed BreakwaterIsland

Coastal Morphology Modification

Elevate Land

Floodwall

Waterfront Park

StrategicRetreat

Multi-purpose Levee

Surge Barrier

Protect building systems

Dry floodproofing

Elevate on enclosure/Wet floodproofing

Elevate on fill Or mound

Elevate on piles

Site protection

Floating Structures

Amphibious Structures

BUILDING & SITE SCALE STRATEGIES

There are many potential strategies at various scales.

OTHER RELATED STRATEGIES

Infrastructure Adaptation Land use management Insurance Emergency Preparedness

Polder

Inventory of Adaptive Strategies

38


Strategies for New Construction

Elevate on Piles


Staten Island, South Shore

39


Strategies for Existing Buildings

Protect Building Systems


Staten Island, South ShoreNew Orleans, Louisiana

40


Shoreline Strategies

Seawall



Blackpool, United Kingdom (Image Credit: AECOM)

41


In-Water Strategies

Artificial Reef



Reef Balls. Image courtesy of NY/NJ Baykeeper. Fort Pierce Marina, Florida.


Evaluation Framework and Process: What? Where? And When?This is a flexible process to identify strategies that can implemented across various physical and time scales.

42Evaluation Framework

Assess Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Risk

2

Identify Potential Strategies3

Evaluate Potential Strategies4

Develop Adaptation Pathways5

Implement Strategies6

Identify Study Area and Sub-Areas1

Monitor and

reassess.


Hazards with the greatest consequences and highest probabilities present a higher risk than those will low consequences or low probabilities.

Risk can be managed through mitigation actions that reduce the likelihood of an impact or the magnitude of consequences, but risk cannot be fully eliminated.

Likelihood of an event

Magnitude of consequences

Risk

Risk is defined as a product of the likelihood of an event occurring (typically expressed as a probability) and the magnitude of consequences should that event occur.

43Risk and Vulnerability


Assess Hazards, Vulnerabilities, and Risk


Risk is an interaction between coastal hazards and vulnerabilities.

Coastal Hazards

Vulnerabilities

Tidal Flooding

Populations

Built Environment

Infrastructure

Natural Resources

RISK

Storm surge

Erosion

Waves

Storm Surge

For example,

Built Environment

44Risk and Vulnerability



Types of CostsTypes of Benefits

Residual risk Construction, maintenance and operation costsEnvironmental degradationSocioeconomic and equity impacts Negative impacts on public realm/urban design Contributions to climate changeInconsistency with local goals and plans

Risk ReductionAvoided costs

Environmental benefitsSocioeconomic and equity benefits

Improvements to the public realm/urban design

Climate mitigation benefitsFurthering local goals, plans

Evaluation of costs and benefits should look at direct & indirect metrics, and quantifiable and non-quantifiable categories.

45Evaluation and Implement


Urban Waterfront Adaptive Strategies is an information resource and guide with broad applicability, for example:

46Applications

For the SIRR report, A Stronger, More Resilient New York

For the Army Corps North Atlantic Coast Comprehensive Study

For local communities developing adaptation plans

Informed the analysis and recommendations for coastal strategies.

A catalog of potential measures and framework for measuring costs and benefits.

Guidance on approaching a complicated decision-making process.

47


Special Initiative for Rebuilding and Resiliency:

A Stronger, More Resilient New York 47

Photo: dland Studio

CONFIDENTIAL

OverviewIn response to Hurricane Sandy, Mayor Bloomberg set up a special initiative (“SIRR”) to

answer three key questions.

Question 2 Question 3

How do we rebuild post-Sandy

and prepare for a future with climate change?

What could happen in

the future?

Question 1

What happened during Sandy and

why?

CONFIDENTIAL

Hurricane Sandy’s most distinctive feature was its record-shattering surge (and relatively low wind and rain), caused by the confluence of highly unusual factors.

Source: UCAR/ NCAR, NOAA

Question 1: What Happened During Sandy?

Sandy eclipsed the previous record, set in 1960, by almost 40%

Note: Among top 10 high

water marks at the Battery since 1900, all are post-1950

Top Ten High-Water Events at the Battery, 1900-2012

Source: NASA, NOAA, AGU Blogosphere,


Hurricane Katrina (August 28, 2005) Hurricane Sandy (October 28, 2012)

Hurricane Wind Fields 100 milesScale:

Gusts extended 1,000 milesGusts extended 300 miles

Among Sandy’s distinctive features was a wind field that was more than three times that of Katrina…

Cause of the Westward Hook:

Jet stream: Hurricane Sandy was steered between a blocking high pressure system in northern Canada and a low pressure trough over the Southeast U.S.

Source: Bostinno.com, NOAA, AGU Blogosphere, National Weather Service, Slate.com

…Sandy also took a path that included a rare “westward hook,” rather than a more traditional northeasterly path, putting the city in the path of its onshore winds…

If Sandy had not been reclassified a “post-tropical cyclone” shortly before crossing the NJ coast, it would have been only the third hurricane to hit NJ since 1878


CONFIDENTIAL


The Battery: Water Levels (Tide + Surge)

CONFIDENTIAL

…In fact, had Sandy arrived nine hours earlier, it likely would have had a significant impact on communities and infrastructure in the Bronx and Northern Queens.

Sandy Inundation: Actual

Question 1: What Could Happen in the Future?

Sandy Inundation: Simulated 9 Hrs Earlier

More significant impacts than were experienced during Sandy likely would have occurred at Hunts Point,

LaGuardia Airport, key power generation facilities, and other locations

CONFIDENTIAL

10/29 – 8:00pm 10/29 – 10:00pm

The change in wind direction from the northeast to the southeast increased wave action along the city’s Ocean-facing shoreline

…The direction of the wind – and shifts in its direction – also helped determine the extent of damage in different parts of the city.

Wind predominantly

out of the northeast,

driving southwesterly

Wind predominantly

out of the southeast,

driving northwesterly


CONFIDENTIAL

The confluence of all of these factors led to particularly significant damage along the Atlantic Coast and in the Harbor.

STILLWATER FLOODINGHarbor and other areas to the north generally experienced inundation only

Flooding caused damage primarily to building systems and contents, as well as critical infrastructure

SURGE AND WAVE ACTIONOcean-facing shorelines experienced inundation plus wave action

Wave action plus smaller, lighter building stock caused damage to building systems and contents and critical infrastructure and caused severe structural damage to buildings (especially along ocean shoreline)

Stillwater FloodingSurge and Wave Action

Upper Harbor

Atlantic Coast

DOB Tagging by Flood Type and Geography


CONFIDENTIAL

Sandy’s massive, but idiosyncratic, impact on New York City teaches three important lessons.

1. The City should not focus on preparing for “the next Sandy”

An exact repeat of Sandy is highly unlikely (though not impossible)

2. That said, Sandy devastated many of those impacted and the City must help them rebuild

3. And, even if it may not repeat again exactly, Sandy serves as a harbinger of a type of risk to which New York is (and will increasingly be) vulnerable

Lessons of Hurricane Sandy


CONFIDENTIAL

FEMA’s new Preliminary Work Maps, though, are only one of the pieces needed to solve the city’s climate risk puzzle.


Future Risks of Downpours Future Risks of Heat Waves

Future Risks of Drought Future Risks of Sea Level Rise

PWMs Maps are based on historic data and do not address…

CONFIDENTIAL

An important tool for understanding the risks facing the city from climate change is the New York City Panel on Climate Change (NPCC), created out of PlaNYC...

Background Advises City on latest climate science Codified in August 2012 legislation, requiring regular updates

Member and Technical Team Institutions Columbia University CUNY NASA Princeton University Rutgers University SUNY Stevens Institute of Technology University of Pennsylvania Wesleyan University

2009

2010


CONFIDENTIAL

…At the Administration’s request, the NPCC updated a groundbreaking 2009 analysis of how climate change might impact New York for SIRR.


# of 90+ degree days could double (or triple), to current level of Birmingham, AL

Sea levels likely to rise 1-2 ft. and could rise by > 2 ½ ft. (on top of 1 ft. since 1900)

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 2: What Could Happen in the Future?Using the NPCC projections, the City, with the CUNY Institute for Sustainable Cities, developed maps showing how floodplains will expand by the 2050s…

FEMA PWMs, with 2020s and 2050s Floodplain Growth

100-YEAR FLOODPLAIN*

2013 PWMs

2050s Projected

Change (%)

Residents 398,000 801,000 101%

Jobs 271,000 430,000 59%

Buildings 68,000 114,000 68%

Floor Area (SF)

534M 855M 60%

* Numbers are rounded for clarity

CONFIDENTIAL

Areas Experiencing Regular Tidal Flooding by 2050s

…The City’s analysis also shows that much of New York’s coast will be subject to regular tidal flooding by the 2050s, even without storms.


POTENTIAL SEA LEVEL RISE IMPACTS

BoroughWaterfront

(miles)Risk of Tidal Flooding

(miles) (%)

Bronx 86.7 6.2 7%

Brooklyn 113.3 11.5 10%

Manhattan 44.8 1.3 3%

Queens 155.1 21.4 14%

Staten Island 120.1 2.6 2%

Total 520 43 8%

CONFIDENTIAL

Likelihood of Damage (%) (Return Period, 50 = 1/50 years)

Loss Frequency Relating to Wind and Surge, 2013 vs. 2020s vs. 2050s

Source: Swiss Re model

Working with Swiss Re, the City also was able to quantify how climate change might change the monetary impacts and frequency of damaging storms

▪ Likelihood of a $19B storm (like Sandy) will grow 17% by the 2020s and 40% by the 2050s

▪ Likely loss of 1/70-year storm (like Sandy) will grow to $35B by the 2020s and $90B by the 2050s (in current dollars)

1/60

~$90B

~$35B

~$19B1/50


1/70

CONFIDENTIAL

In short, even if unlikely to recur in precisely the same way, the experience of Sandy serves as a wake-up call to all New Yorkers.

Though New York has always been vulnerable to coastal flooding…

…Sandy and FEMA’s PWM maps show this vulnerability to be greater than previously understood…

…The NPCC’s work shows that not only is this vulnerability likely to grow with climate change, but that it also will involve more than just coastal storms…

…While the analysis by Swiss Re is likely to show a real cost of inaction


The City must start taking steps immediately to address its long-term challenges

http://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=yw44qQDnr4VdxM&tbnid=HSPLRr_5RvYuaM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://empireguides.com/2012/11/jerome-park-reservoir/&ei=D2UuUemSFaW10AG1qIDABA&bvm=bv.42965579,d.dmQ&psig=AFQjCNGEu331R2Iy-NgKz5G47sq2-BMo1Q&ust=1362081414154597

CONFIDENTIAL

Be ambitious, but seek achievability Can be significantly more resilient Aim for the stars, but do not fail to launch

Create multiple defensive layers (reduce impacts, while allowing faster recovery) First Layer: Coastal defenses (less flooding; less impact) Second Layer: Buildings (less serious damage; faster rehabitation) Third Layer: Infrastructure and critical systems (fewer outages; faster restoration)

3

Acknowledge resource limits, but seek to stretch resources Maximize benefits per dollar (including non-monetary benefits, such as vulnerability of population)2

To address the risks of climate change, the Administration has developed a plan that adheres to four core principles.

1

In impacted areas, do not abandon the waterfront (rebuild and, where possible, improve) Fight for coastal neighborhoods4

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?

CONFIDENTIAL

The Administration’s plan focuses on both citywide and neighborhood-specific challenges.

Citywide Systems and Infrastructure

Coastal Protection Buildings Insurance Utilities Liquid Fuels Healthcare Telecommunications Transportation Parks Water and Wastewater Food Supply Solid Waste Economic Recovery Community Preparedness and Response Environmental Protection and Remediation


Impacted Communities

Brooklyn-Queens Waterfront East and South Shores of Staten Island South Queens Southern Brooklyn Southern Manhattan

Report contains: Nearly 450 pages Over 250 initiatives

CONFIDENTIAL

Effectiveness confirmed via international and US due diligence, consultations with

engineering firms, hydrodynamic modeling, etc.

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?The first layer of the Administration’s plan focuses on coastal defenses, especially those that proved to be effective during Sandy or have been proven elsewhere.

Nourished beaches and dunes

Increased elevation and berms

Newer and elevated drainage systems

Wave attenuation systems

Tidal barriers along inland waterways

Select Defenses That Have Proved Effective

With Dune Protection – Beach 56th Street

Before Sandy

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?The first layer of the Administration’s plan focuses on coastal defenses, especially those that proved to be effective during Sandy or have been proven elsewhere.

Nourished beaches and dunes

Increased elevation and berms

Newer and elevated drainage systems

Wave attenuation systems

Tidal barriers along inland waterways

Select Defenses That Have Proved Effective

With Dune Protection – Beach 56th Street

After Sandy

Effectiveness confirmed via international and US due diligence, consultations with

engineering firms, hydrodynamic modeling, etc.

CONFIDENTIAL

Priority is areas with:

Highest storm surge probability

Most “floodable FAR”

Most critical infrastructure

Most vulnerable populations

Coastline Risk “Heat Map”

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?The Administration’s plan calls for a first phase of coastal protection projects that is relatively affordable and focuses initially on those areas that are most vulnerable...

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…This first phase is projected to cost about $3.7 billion and will include a mix of proven strategies, ranging from increasing coastal edge elevations…

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…The first phase will also work to minimize the impacts that waves have on vulnerable neighborhoods…

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…Finally, the first phase will work to minimize the impacts of “stillwater” inundation on vulnerable neighborhoods.

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?As resources are found, the Administration’s plan calls for completion of a full-build set of coastal protections that expand on and complement its first phase strategies.

CONFIDENTIAL

Implementation and FundingImplementation of the Administration’s plan will require interagency coordination, overseen by a new Director of Resiliency.

Administration to seek legislation to: Enshrine structure Have OLTPS update

plan every 4 yrs. Have OLTPS include

resiliency indicators in annual updates

Director of Resiliency will report to Head of OLTPS and oversee agency coordination

Implementation and FundingThe total cost of the Administration’s plan is nearly $20 billion, much – though not all – of which will be covered by existing or likely new sources of funding…

Includes: City capital (previously

allocated) CDBG (first tranche) Other Federal funds (e.g.,

USACE) Includes: CDBG (future

tranches) FEMA Hazard

Mitigation funds Utility ratepayers

Options to Fill Gap: New Federal sources

(e.g., new supplemental appropriation as per Katrina)

New City capital (up to $1B)

Other potential sources

CONFIDENTIAL

Implementation & FundingThe Administration has identified nearly 60 concrete steps that it intends to take before year-end 2013 to advance its plan.

Select 2013 Resiliency Milestones Identified in SIRR Report

CONFIDENTIAL


Lessons of Sandy

Structural damage mainly in small, light buildings built pre-modern codes

Taller, newer and heavier buildings tended to have systems/contents damage

In studying how best to protect the city’s building stock, the Administration first examined how different types of buildings fared during Sandy…

1 Floor 2 Floors 3 to 6 Floors 7 Floors or Higher

Year of Construction Combust. Non-

Combust. Combust. Non-Combust. Combust. Non-

Combust. Combust. Non-Combust.

Buildings in Sandy

Inundation

Area

Total

Pre-1961 18% 3% 37% 1% 11% 1% 0% 1%

Post-1961 2% 1% 16% 1% 6% 1% 0% 1%

Red /

Destroyed Tag

s

Pre-1961 73% 1% 16% 0% 5% 0% 0% 0%

Post-1961 1% 0% 3% 0% 1% 0% 0% 0%

Share of Total Buildings in the Sandy Inundation Area vs. Share of Building Damage

Source: DOB December Tags, DCP PLUTO

CONFIDENTIAL

Elevation may be practical for some city buildings;

But, city has 68K buildings in 100-yr. floodplain:

For 39%, elevation is impractical or infeasible (e.g., narrow lots, attached, etc.); and

For others, elevation is undesirable (would destroy urban fabric)

In all cases, elevation is extremely expensive

Elevation also only addresses surge, not other extreme weather

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…Given the vulnerability of parts of New York’s building stock, the City first looked at the traditional approach to mitigation – elevation…

Note: Elevation is one of few mitigation strategies for which National Flood Insurance Program offers premium discounts

CONFIDENTIAL

…Given the challenges of standard mitigation strategies, the Administration’s plan will ensure greater resiliency in a way that is tailored to the city…

Strengthen existing building codes

Flood

Elevation: In 100-yr. floodplain, build to FEMA flood elevation + freeboard (1-2 ft.)

Post-2025, more freeboard, if sea levels rise sufficiently

Critical Systems: Improve protections

Wind: Regulate ballast; explore other changes

Provide zoning relief: Allow elevation without “zoning penalty” for additional height

Encourage retrofits for resiliency

Flood

$1.2B Incentive: For % of cost to protect key systems and, for vulnerable stock, structures

% based on financial capacity

Reserve for small homes, industrial bldgs., affordable housing and each borough

Mandate: Require bldgs. > 7 stories/300KSF to protect key systems by 2030

Wind Protection: Increase inspections

NYCHA: Create resiliency program for damaged and undamaged buildings

Recommendations are consistent with those of Building Resiliency Task Force


New Buildings/Post-Sandy Rebuilds Existing Buildings

CONFIDENTIAL

…The Administration’s building resiliency plan also dovetails with its proposals to address challenges associated with the National Flood Insurance Program.


NFIP Challenges

1. Affordability Upcoming end to subsidies New maps raising elevations and expanding

100-yr. floodplain

2. Low uptake 80% of residential buildings inundated by

Sandy did not have NFIP coverage

City Proposals

1. Premium credits for mitigation, other than elevation

2. Federal low-income subsidies

3. Lower-cost, higher-deductible policies for those not required to get NFIP coverage

CONFIDENTIAL

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?The Administration’s plan also addresses the vulnerability of a variety of additional critical

systems that serve the City.

Liquid Fuels

Telecommunications

Parks

Food Supply

Healthcare

Transportation

Solid Waste

Water and Wastewater

Economic Recovery

Environmental Protection and Remediation

Community Preparedness and Response

Utilities

CONFIDENTIAL

Sandy-Impacted Communities

Focus on areas where physical damage has lingered

Incorporate Citywide resiliency initiatives

Rebuilding programs for homes and businesses

Prioritize rebuilding, but seek to address underlying challenges

Tailored to each area, including: Up to $20M “Neighborhood Game Changer Competition”

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?While focusing on Citywide systems and infrastructure, the Administration also developed plans to help Sandy-impacted areas to rebuild safer and stronger.

CONFIDENTIAL

Plan Highlights

Work with USACE to study and install local storm surge barrier at Newtown Creek, and study and design barrier at Gowanus Canal

Install integrated flood protection system in Red Hook

Launch sales tax abatement for industrial resiliency investments and upgrade City-owned industrial properties

Create and implement revitalization strategy for targeted retail and community spaces in Red Hook Houses

16

9

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?The Administration’s plans focus on the Brooklyn-Queens Waterfront…

Conceptual rendering of Newtown Creek surge barrier

CONFIDENTIAL

Plan Highlights

Work with USACE to construct armored protection from Fort Wadsworth to Great Kills

Launch Mid-Island Bluebelt

Install revetments and wetlands for wave attenuation on South Shore

Develop comprehensive revitalization plan for Great Kills Harbor

Study zoning changes to promote resiliency in Midland Beach

Launch “21st C. bungalow competition” for neighborhoods such as Midland, New Dorp and South Beaches

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…And on the East and South Shores of Staten Island…

Conceptual rendering of levee at South Beach

CONFIDENTIAL

Plan Highlights

Develop comprehensive revitalization plans for Boardwalk, B. 116th St., B. 108th St. and Mott Ave.

Work with USACE to install double dune system in Breezy Pt. and to study system for rest of Rockaway Peninsula

Work with USACE to study and install wetland and wave attenuation in Howard Beach

Develop a plan to address frequent tidal inundation in Broad Channel and Hamilton Beach

Launch “21st C. bungalow competition” for neighborhoods such as Broad Channel and Hamilton Beach

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…As well as South Queens…

Conceptual rendering of Beach 116th Street

CONFIDENTIAL

16

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…And Southern Brooklyn…

Plan Highlights

Develop designs for Coney Island Creek wetlands and tidal barrier with opportunities for economic development

Support entertainment district expansion, including new roller coaster and Aquarium improvements

Work with USACE on nourishment of Coney, Brighton and Plumb Beaches

Replace destroyed Ida G. Israel hospital facility

Launch “21st C. bungalow competition” for neighborhoods such as Gerritsen Beach

Conceptual rendering of Coney Island Creek wetlands and tidal barrier

CONFIDENTIAL

Highlights

Study multi-purpose levee to increase East Side resiliency and create mixed-use development (“Seaport City”)

Install integrated flood protection system along Hospital Row, LES and Chinatown and explore installation in LM

Design integrated flood protection system for remainder of Southern Manhattan

Facilitate Water St. revitalization with plaza activation and enhancement and streetscape improvements

Harden key utility, telecom and transit networks

2

Question 3: How Should the City Address Climate Risks?…Together with Southern Manhattan.

Conceptual rendering of Lower Manhattan multi-purpose levee

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88Photo: dland Studio

89COASTAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE