book reviews Editor: W. F. KIEFFER

College of Wooster Woater, Ohio

Qualitative Analyris and the Properties of Ions in Aqueous Solution

Emil J . Slowinski, Macalest,er College, St. Paul, Minn., and William L. Mas- tertn, University of Connecticut, Storrs. W. B. S~unders Cn., Philadelphia, 1971. x + 196 pp. Figs. nnd tahles. 24.7 X 16.7 cm. $4.75.

I n the Preface to this t,ext, the aut,hot.s express the same sentimetrt.~ which many of us have been expressing far years [see J. CHEM. EDUC. 43, 419 (1966)l. We agree that most introduet,ory chemistry courses do not contain enough descriptive chemistry, that descript,ive chemistry is most readily learned in the lnhoratory where chemical? artre act,ually used in carry- ing out chemical reactions, and that lab- oratory work on q d i t a t i v e analysis is a valuahle teaching tool for the training of beginning stndents in inorganic descrip- tive chemistry.

The five chapters of their manual dis- cuss the Theory and Practice of &uslit.a- t.ive Analysis, Lahorstory Procedures, The Cations, The Anions, and Preparzt,ion of Solid Samples for Anal.vsis. Tho Appendix includes a Sommnry of Solu- bility Propert,ies of Ions and Solids, Answers to Problems, and directions for the Preparation of Reagents. A fairly complete Index concludes the hook.

Since the authors' general chemistry text, "Chemical Principles" [see J. CHEM. EDUC. 46, 880 (1969)l does not contain moch informst,ion on the propert,ies of ions in solution, a short discussion of the chemical properties of eaoh ion is presented in addition to a det,niled scheme for qnalitstive analysis of t,he 25 cations and 15 anions covered.

The scheme of analysis is fairly eon- ventional, and students are required t,o become familiar wit,h the procedrtro for

each group and then nse that prncedure to find t,he composition !,fan unknown. The principal departure from {.he traditional procedure is t,hnt indead of requiring students t,o analyze group unknowns that. mav contain anv of the ions in the oar-

her of ionn chosen from t,wo or more groups. I n these assignments, the student is expected to use his knowledge of the properties of the ions to develop an ahhreviabed scheme of analysis or to set, up his own scheme. A number of assign- ments of this type is included a t the end of each sect,ion, and a competent inst,roctor could readily devise others. The authors feel that the development of schemes of analyaia nuperimposed an a stndy of the standard praeedwes "requires the st,udent t,o think a- x chemist rather than to ~ e l y on metbads furnished to him by ofhers," thus adding a worthwhile dimension to the usual course in quslit,st,ive analysis.

I n addition to these special Id~oratory assignment,^, each appropriate section is followed by a number of pmhlems. These are arranged in two sets of similar prah- lems, with the answers t,o one set given in the Appendix. Since the theory section is rather brief, the st,udent might have to consult, his general chemistry text for t,he mathematical techniqma required for solving some of the quantitative problems, but this should serve to emphasize the fact that there is some connection between lecture and lahorator~ portions of the . ~

eouae. My one crit,icism of t,ho honk is that no

attempr is made to tie t,he properties of the ions to t,hcir position in the periodic tahle. No such t,ahle is included, nor is the term even mentioned in the index. In my opinion, this is a most unfortunat,e omission, as i t could he used to help the

-Reviewed in this Issue I Emil J . Slowinski and William L. Afaste~ton, Qualitrttive Analysis and

the Properties of Ions in Aqueous Solution . . . A675

A. F . Wells, Models in Structurd Inorganic Chemistry . . . A675

David M . Knight, editor, Classical Scientific Papers: Chemistry . . . A676

Norman V. Stewe, editor, CRC Hmdhook of Laboratory Safety . . .A676

James H . O'Donnell and David F . Sangster, Principles of Radiation Chemistry . . . A676 I

R. B. Cundall and A. Gilberl, Photochemistry: Studies in Modern Chemistry . . . A678 I

New Volumes in Cont,inuing Series . . .A680 I

student relate and classify the behavior of the ions with ionic size and the poskion of the parent elements in the t,able and en-

.,hance the effectiveness of hoth concepts by correlating them.

I t is sincerely hoped that the addition of this manual to the "~ackaee" of mate- rinli f w pmrrd chrmihr? in;;trt>uiw I , \ thr.c t w ~ , i u c orisf~tl .'m~xlrrr>" .w~rhc,r~ will rwotlnige wme jf 7hov i~d r# !c . r t rs w l m have abandoned qua1 t,o see the error of their ways and restore this highly effective approah for integrating descriptive ehem- istry and theory in the elementary chem- istry cnrricnlom. Amen.

ALRERTINE KROHN Universitl, of Toledo Toledo, Ohio /t.WOfi

Models in Structural Inorganic Chemistry

A . F. Wells, University of Connedimt. Oxford University Press, New York, 1970. xi + 186 pp. Figs. and tahlen. 23 X 15.3 cm. $8. clothhound; $4. paperbound.

Professor Wells has written a fascinating little book as a "practical" companion to his reference work, "Structural Inor- ganic Chemist,ry." This volnme begins with a. hrief discussion of some of the stnretnral reasons for the slower develop- ment of inorganic chemistry compared to organic chemistry, followed by s. short introduction to finite and infinite p- connected networks. Next is a list of materials to he provided to abudents to carry out the exercises which form the hulk of the t,ext. The exercises hegin with series to familiarize the student with the various polyhedra important to chemistry, and then proceed to a. discus- sion of repeating patterns and sphere packings. Next oome two sections dealing with repeating pst,terns which can he constructed from tetrahedra and octa- hedra, and one short section dealing with structures involving hoth tetrahedm and octahedra. Section I11 consists of a series of notes and amplifications of the problems in t,he main section of the hook, divided and headed in the same way for easy reference. The author states that students should "attempt the exercises and answer the questions before reading part 111," hut wit,h part 111 so readily available it Reems unlikely that many students will have the fortitude required. Finally there are four short appendices, covering polyhedra, plane nets, 3-D nets, and crystal symmetry. These are in- tended as s. somewhat more mathematid expansion of the material cnvered in the introduction. The hnok is copio~lsly illustrated wit,h the type of line drawing.. characterist,io of Wells; theqe are clear and well-done for the most part,. Fignres 5, 48, 49, 50, and 51 were d l diffimdt for me to interpret,.

This hook is evidently intended as an outline for s. laboratory course in struc-

(Continued n page Afi7fi)

Volume 48, Number 10, October 1971 / A675

book reviews tural ehemistry a t an early stage in the student's training; the author states as much in his preface. There are two serious objections to this intention in prsct,ice. The first is that the mat,erial presented represents a, minimum of two or t,hree quarter credits, and could easily be expanded to five or six; in a curriculum already overcrowded with specialty courses the introduction of another such course which moat chemists would regard as peripheral to the main areas of chemistry will be difficult. Second, to an enthusiast in structural ehemistry the relevance of the materiab presented is obvious, hot. to the neophyte with but little knowledge of t.he st,ructure of mat,ter I suspect that much of the model building and many of the exercises will seem like mrtthemitbical games having little to do with chemist.ry. This second objection applies even more stropgly to the aut,hors snggest,ion that perhaps this material could be introduced a t the high school level. High sshool students ran certainly make the models and do t,he exercises, but they are not yet equipped with enough facts to see their relationship to chemistry.

The hook will be a great asset to many instructors who (like this reviewer) are constantly searching for new and better models with which to present or illustrate structurel concepts. Many of the exer- cises can and should he combined with chemical observations in elementary lah- orstories, and s. good deal of the material presented could make its way in fragments into the regular curriculum. Professor Wells has written another delightful chapter in the history of structural chem- istry, one which most structural chemists will welcome.

KENNETH E M ~ R S O N Montana State University

Bozernan, Mont. 59716

Classical Scientific Papers: Chemistry

Arranged and introduced by Dnvid M. Knight, TJniversit,y of 1)orham. 2nd Series. American Elsevier Pnhlishing Co., h e . , New York, 1070. xiii + 441 pp. Figs. and l.:thles. 26 X 21 em. $15.

Ilere is the s e c r d volume of facsimile reproduot,ione of importemt chemical papers arranged and int,roduced hy l)r. Knight. For commentn on the first, see TIUS .JounNnl. 46, A52 (1969). The theme of this colled.ion is the "natnre and ar- mngement of (.he elements." The original preaent,ations w e d l here: t,hose of Proot,, Beradius, Cronkes, Newlnnds, MendelcefT, llamsny, and mmty othevs. The narrow eol~tmns nf Th,r Ch,:micnl Nmus and of Nature dluw x eonsiderahle ronservalion of space, so (.hat x total of 48 alassicd pitpcrii is included in t,he 436 pages of facsimile t,ext. They are gronped chrono- logically within sections: The Rise and Fall of Pronl!s Tlypnlhesis (IXlTr4.5);

The Fonrt,h State of Mat,ter (1870-91); Isomerism and the Nat,we of t,he Elements (1870-83); The Arrangement of t,he Ele- ments (1790-1X!l7); and The Revival of Prold's Hypothesis (1851-1911).

The compilation is judiciously chosen and t,he appropriately short commentaries hy Dr. Knight are right to the point. The delightful personal nature of 19th century scienbific writing is always a bonus for the reader searching for historical information. Where in t,he current lit,era- ture would one find the counterpart, of the following in a paper by William Crookes politely rtrguing wit,h M. de Boisbwdran: "How he can have mistaken my meanine is a mystery, as he is an excellent English scholrtr."?

WFK

CRC Handbook of Labomtory Safely

Edited by N m a n V . Steere, Minneap- olis, Minn. 2nd ed. The Chemical Rubber Co., Cleveland, Ohio, 1971. xv + 854 pp. Figs. t~nd tables. 27.3 X 19.5 cm. S24.50.

This hook is an expended version of the highly useful and widely used first edition. The editor again is Norman V. Steere, who for some years bas conducted the feature "Safety in the Chemical Lahore tory" in TAX JOURNAL. AS a result of extensive experience in industrial and academic safety programs, Mr. Steere is well qualified indeed to speak authorits, t i d y on safety programs. He has written much of this compilation himself hut has also called upon recognixed safety experts in leading industrid firms, government agencies, and universities. Many of these h w e been active in the Safety Committee of the American Chemicd Society and in the Campus Safety Association.

Most of the material in the first edition has been retained without revision (except for the updating of reference lists) hut there has been a 60% increase in the text as a result of added sections having such titles as: 1.2, Organization for Safety in Laboratories; 1.7, Hydrofluoric Acid Burn Treatment; 1.14, Occupational Health Programs; 2.1, Respiratory Protective Equipment; 2.2, Ear Protection; 2.7, Safety Showers; 2.8, Protective Clot,hing; 6.1, Principles and Procedures for Eval- uating Toxicity of Chemicals; 6.5, Mode of Action of Toxic Substances; 6.6, Hrtzards of Isocyanrttes; 6.8, Chemical Cyanosis and Anemia Control; 7.2, Bssic Units of R.adiation Measurement; 7.6, Determining Industrial Hygiene R e quirements for 1nstdI.llrttions Using Radio- active Materials; 8.1, Proteotive Lockout and Tagging of Equipment; 8.2, Ground- ing Electronic Equipment; 9.1, Producing and Handling High Purity Water; 10.1, Lahonltory Animal Housing.

Color photographs showing t,he physiw logical damage resulting from accidental contact with harmful chemicals have been significantly increased in the new edition. Whereas originally only eye damage resuking from inadequate washing of

eyes after s chemical splash was por- trayed, the hook now carries some vivid pictures showing the horrid after-effects of skin burns with various corrosive agents. The substantid damage which may result from relatively innocent-

water are shown. These illustrations do add impact to the safety message.

The Tables of Chemical Hssltrd Infor- mation have been augmented by the statement of the American Conference of Industrisl Hygienists, "Documentation of Threshold Limit Vrtlues."

Perhaps licensed medicd practitioners will cavil over some of the therapeutic counsel offered, e.g., regarding the t reab ment of H F burns. However, the cited information gained from t,he du Pont medicd department, which is in con- venient form for citing to an M D who has never before treated an H F burn, surely merits inclusion.

I n this writer's opinion, every college and university chemistry department should have a copy of the "Handbook of Laboratory Safety" on hand for quick and easy reference. Whet.her a new edition is needed to replace the first probably depends an the potential ose- fulness of the added material to pur- chasers. The first edition contttins most of the essentials, but the new version surely is a desirable addition.

MALCOLM M. RENPREW University of Idaho

Moscow, 85845

Principles of Radiation Chemistry

James H. O'Donnell, University of Qneensland, Brisbane, Australia, and David F . Snngslrr, Anstrdilixn Atomic Energy Commission I(osexrch Estab- lishment., Sutherland, New Sont,h Wales, Australia. American I'Xsevier Pnb- lishine Co.. Ine. New York. 1970. ... . vnl + 17'6 pp. Figs. and tables. 22.2 X 14.5 cm. $7.75.

Fm I h c ~ n l . , ~ arc i!alc.v-td 11, ~8 .>r~pIe introtlurrion r o thc rhcnlww iuiruttd In. h e I f i n i S- rays, grtmmrt rays, or necelernted charged particles) in matter, this is the best hook on the market.. Simple in language and yet amaaingly enmprehenaivt? in its breadth of roverage, this small volumc is qnite up t,o date in its eoverxg-e. The honk is unique in its survey s t an elementary level-only x high school ehemistry knowl- edge is pres~rmed-of the many topics mvered under. the omhrella. of the term, rndiation chemistry.

Far t,hose who wish t,o pursue an?, of t,he areas introduced hy the ant,ho~s in greater depth, there ix an oolstmding collection of specific and general referenow to hooks, wigind papers, hihlingraphies, reviews, and even a list of meetillg and conference report.;, which will he of definite int,erest to specialists in tho field. Ilefinitioos, h i s

(Continued on page A678)

A676 / journal of Chemical Education

book reviews

lol.icnl hxekg~.onnd, and relevance of radix- tion ehemirlry, dong with the %hove pen- era1 references, fo1.m the conients of the first chapter. In succeeding chnptors ample introdnctory references me given tn all special topics rovered, with helpfnl hints ahout whirh of ihese should he rend first. T h e serond ehapler deals with fundamenid chcmicnl x ld ohvsiesl ns- . .. peck of tho intemrtioll of i<~nising mtlia- tion with matter.

Chapter 3 is an exrcllont prnrtical dis- cussion of fncililies and machines used lo generate ioniaing t.adiiliion, dosimel~.y, d i n l i o n zt~fely, :wd n section on p w - ficntion of mslwinls and irnstmenl of samnles which snv kinelicist miehl henefil, ~" ~ ~

from ~.eading (e.g., the syringe leehniqm). Chapter 4 discrwses speeinl mnt,hcmntienl and experimentnl t e r h l k p x used hy mdintion chomist.9 (and other kineiicists) with n good sue1,ioo on the very active field of pulse radiolysis. The fundnmenlal theo1.y m d technique of ga.; phase mdin- tion rhemislry is covered in Chapter T,.

Chnptor G presenls ;I vwy well-hnlaneed swvey rrf the rapidly changing field of nqueous mdi,ztiou rhemislry i~tchlding a diliru~sio~\ of the hydrated elec1.t.m and hydt.oxyl r i td ids with lhe mosl reretrl. ].ate rr,mstnnl data for these species. Typi- (::\I examples nf renalim merhnnisrns help pin down e:trlicl. genwnliiies fo~ . thc 1.enrle1. in lhis and olher r,hapters.

A sevenlh rhnptev s ~ ~ l ~ o y s , i u R vovy compnrl and concise mamw, the mnny

~.adiation polymcrisxtion, cross linking, and degradation, slhjects of inlense research and devebpmeni activity in i d u s t r y a t present.

The ninth r h ~ p l e r desnihes the imp"> Inn1 knowr facts rnl.~m~nding dinl lion rlnmnge to livine sydems n~ id theiv o m - ponont hirrehemirnli. In tho aonrlnding rhnptor the t.adintirrn vhcmistry of in- ovgnnic solids, hrterngonow antnlysis, hot atom chemistry, and lnhelled com- pound self-deer,mposit.inn n1.e tlmled. An excellent appendix 11.onts diffie,dt snhjeds such as ronvemion fnetol.~, typical i.ndi~- lion yield and shielding cnloulaticms.

When t v e : ~ i i n ~ ,z s h j e r t as complex and fxst-changin~ as mdinlion chcrnislry, il, is iempting in nwh :L hook lo over- simplify or be dogmatic, n d io some ex- lent the nnt,hors have had to do so. I1oxr.- ever, i l , is quite explirilly stated a1 many diRerent points in the hook that these are merely e ~ r r e n t thooghts and theories nnd may well change quickly. The spe- cinlisl winres nt tho sweep of mtuly dnte- ment* in thi book made regarding the rcsulls of a hard fought ~.csenrch hntlle, hnt stands in awe at. the nccwncy and fnitwess of tho statement ~.eporling the olltcome.

The hark should bo it, libraries whirh cannot nRod more specinlixed t~.cnlises (as well as thoso which can afford them), and i t shmld he OIL the desks of *per:ialists

in the field to lend to rlodents nnd friends who wanl to k w m mow ahor11 the fnr- h a t i n g and imporhnt field of radiation rhemistry.

Photochemistry: Studies in Modern Chemistry

R. B. Cundall, University of Notting- ham, and A . Gilhert, University of Reading. Thomns Nelson & Sons Idd., London, 1970. vii + 220 pp. Figs. and t,ahleu. 23 X 15.6 em. Cloth- hound, X4/(610.08); Pnporbouid, 42/ ($5.04).

This hook is written as a textbook f o ~ a. course in uhot,ochernistrv. bevond the ", " general physical chemistry course. The first, six chapters deal primarily with the physical aspect,s of photochemistry, as follows: basic laws and units, processes involving exeit,ed atoms, photochemistry of simple molecules (dixtomies), absorp- tion of lieht hv oolvxtomir molecules. .. . . I i l l vrr i t d .inrlt.r r uf ~ ~ ~ l \ x ~ t ~ t n i ~ . I ~ I ~ ~ I ? ~ I I I ~ I , n d the rriplrt ~ l ~ t l e >,,,<I ..<,,,,e *,< ph:e pl,<~~<~<.l,e,,,iv:~l I . Tlw rwt~i~l i l* ,n l i w ~ I I R ~ I P T ~ cc~~.&lm diKt.ret.~ IYIW. ui ~ h ~ ~ ~ . ~ l w n ~ i ~ t l . . reaet,ions of organic molecules: clissocisr tions, photoaddilions, reerrsngements, w~hst,it,ut.ions. and ohotochemieal oxida- tion and reduct,ion reaol.ions.

(Continued a page A880)

A678 / Journal of Chemical Education

book reviews

Generally the breadth of coverage is adequate. Figures and diagrams are used liberally and with good effect: Uiapams of experimental setups and instruments are also inchded to illustrate discussion in the chapters on physical aspects. Problems are included a t the end of each chapter.

Unfortunately, the hook is marred by numerous errors. Errors may be expeded in the first edition of any book, hut in the present case they are extensive enough to detract from the osefdness of the book as a, text, if t,he student is not warned of them in advance. For example, Table 1-1 of conversion factors for energy units commonly used in pholochemist,ry list,s joules rather than jooles/male, and then gives a number of these conversion factors incorrect,ly. The joule row and column should be struck, and replaced with figures for joole/mole, or better yet, kjmde/mole. Alw, the erg, eV and em-' h e d i n m should be specified ns per mole- cule. The present table loadr to confusion in working the first problem set. Chapter 2 contains a nomher of content errors. These are especially confusing when they occur in problems, e.g., "Hg resonance fluorescence a t 112.2 nm" which should read "Hg resonance phosphorescence a t 253.7 nm". 112.2 is the energy of the corresponding transition in kcal/mole. I n the second problem set the authurs ask for term symbul determinations without pointing out in the chapter the Pauli restrictions on the value of I, and how to obtain I,, ask for probable t,ransitiorrs fmm gmund states withont resiricting the answers by some reasonable limit? (i.e., to lowest excited states), and give other questions that are not staled in a sufficiently definitive manner.

Insufficient explanation of principles, spectral features, ete., is also found in various sections of the hook. For exam- ple, in Chapter 2 an electron spin diagram is needed to illustrate how one obtains product states allowed by the Wigner spin conservation rule. I n the example given, the allowed states are simply presented as t,hose "the rule requires." Again, in Chapter 5 on electronically excited singlet states, part of t,he discoc sion on fluorescence spectra. is not under- standable without n previous expla~~ation of the spectral features presented in the figures.

Cundall and Gilbert's book may be the best current choice for an introductory text in undergraduate photochemistry courses, in fipite of the shove criticism, as it is the only short textbook which this reviewer has seen covering both physical and organic aspects of the subject. If a mare extensive reference book is desirable as a. text, Calvert and Pitts' "Photachem- istry" may be used as an alternate or additional book. Both books assume a knowledge of quantum mechanics, spec- troscopy, and kinetics as presented in a first course in physical chemistry.

R ~ c n a a ~ M. ARTIN IN Universittl of California

Santa Barbara, DNlOG

A680 / Journal of Chemical Education