pvmod generic pv emt models - generic emt models … · there is a gap here namely in having...
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Wes Baker, Deepak Ramasubramanian, Jens Boemer, Evangelos Farantatos, Anish Gaikwad, Mobolaji BelloEPRI
Pouyan PourbeikPEACE®
WECC MVS Meeting 8/26/20Generic EMT Models for PV
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Background
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There is a hierarchy of models that we need a use for modeling any type of device
Broadly, we can characterize them as follows:– Hardware in the Loop (HIL) – Detailed proprietary vendor specific 3‐phase models prepared in Electromagnetic Transient (EMT) simulation tools (USR‐EMT)
– Detailed proprietary vendor specific positive‐sequence user‐written models (USRM)
– Generic parameterized models (Generic)
Background
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There is presently an effort (CIGRE/IEEE TF, lead by G. Irwin) to encourage the used of compiled “real code” to be used for controllers (not electrical equipment) for USR‐EMT and USRM models All these models are useful, and all of them have their place USR‐EMT and USRM are critical for site specific studies USR‐EMT are essential for:
– SSR– Harmonics– Weak grid interactions– Any high frequency phenomena
Background
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We do not need to go into the need for generic models, that is quite clear in the context of WECC There is a gap here namely in having “generic‐EMT” models Potential value of generic‐EMT models:
– They can help provide a means of looking at high‐bandwidth phenomena in cases where USR‐EMT is not available, e.g. futuristic studies where specific vendor information is not available
– They can provide a tool for R&D– They can provide a tool to inform performance standard development– They ARE NOT intended to be used in lieu of vendor specific USR‐EMT models nor can they replace them. Vendor specific USR‐EMT models are essential for project specific studies.
Background
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THE CONCEPT OF GENERIC EMT MODELS
We have over the years developed rather detailed generic positive‐sequence models for Renewable Energy Systems (RES), namely: Type 4 WTG, Type 3 WTG, PV, BESS The controllers in the positive‐sequence models are essentially complete and can be translated directly to EMTWhat is grossly simplified in positive‐sequence tools are the high –bandwidth controls and electrical equipment– Generator/converter– PLL– Inner‐Current Control loop– Etc.
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Basic concept of EMT models
Generic Positive-Sequence Generic EMT
REEC_D
REPC_C
IBFFR
WGO
convert
Need to Develop the Generator/Converter Models in EMT
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PV-MOD
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Acknowledgement
The work here is based on EPRI funded R&D, in collaboration with the US Department of Energy.
The work described in this presentation was funded in part by the US Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract No. DE-EE0009019/0000.
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Continuation Model Development, Improvement, and Validation of Inverter-Based Resources (Generating & Storage)
•Actual Events / Field Measurements•Blue Cut, Canyon fire events•Duke event•Plant‐level performance
•Modeling Case studies•Utilities –Duke, Entergy, CenterPoint• ISOs ‐ CAISO, SPP
Actual Events & System Studies
Interconnection standards•IEEE 2800•IEEE 1547
Technical Interconnection Requirements•Transmission•DistributionPerformance
Requirements
Test & Verification Standards•IEEE 2800.1•IEEE 1547.1 / UL 1741 SB•UL 1741 CRD Power Control Systems•MOD‐032
Laboratory Type/Unit Testing•Smaller scale units•Larger scale units
Test & Verification
Objectives•Plant‐level verification for interconnection•Plant‐level model for integration studies
Features•Existing/required features•New/optional features
Stakeholder Engagement•EPRI transmission & distribution members• Industry engagement: WECC, NERC, IEEE• Software vendor engagement
Unit & Plant‐Level Model Development, Improvement, and Validation
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DOE PV-MOD: Project Overview
2020
• Field data collection• Smaller kW inverter
characterization (lab testing)• Gap analysis of PV models
(dynamic, short‐circuit, EMT/HIL, PQ)
• Inverter models for quasi‐static time series (QSTS)
2021
• Grid scale inverter characterization (NREL)
• Develop initial versions of refined or newly developed models
• Provide model specs to vendors• Model validation using the newly
developed models
2022
• Complete model validation• Refine models based on
validation• Finalize specs for models & work
with vendors
Validated; publicly available models for various types of studies, reports detailing the work, close collaboration with industry stakeholders (NERC, WECC, IEEE etc.)
Model Development
Resource Characterization
Model Commercialization
Adaptive Protection Application
Existing Models
Lab Tests
Field Data
Stability (PSS/E, PSLF, …)
Protection (CAPE, CYME, …)
EMT (EMTDC, EMTP‐RV, …)
Test
Validate
Develop Design
Demonstration
HIL Testing
Unit, Plant & Aggr. Feeder/BTM
1 2 3 4
5QSTS (CYME, Synergi,…)
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Generic PV EMT Models
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Idea: Use the existing RE framework developed for positive sequence transient stability models as a starting point for plant‐level controls and high‐level (outer loop) inverter‐level controls. Ongoing: Add further performance functionality based on performance requirements from existing and draft grid codes. Starting: Refine based on:
– Industry forums– Inverter testing as part of PV‐MOD– Field measurements collected as part of PV‐MOD
Generic PV EMT Models
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Utilizing existing high-level control structures
VSCPWMInner Control
Outer Control
Plant Control System
PLL
V,IGate Pulses
Modulating Signal
Current ReferencesP,Q, or V
Plant Level V,I
ABC‐DQ
Inverter Level ControlsPlant Level Controls
Main : Graphs
sec 0.7450 0.7460 0.7470 0.7480 0.7490 0.7500 0.7510
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
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1.5 Vtri ma mb mc
VSC_3 : Graphs
sec 5.66 5.68 5.70 5.72 5.74 5.76 5.78 5.80 5.82 5.84 5.86
-1.0
0.0
1.0
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3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0 the ta_PLL
REPC_C frameworkREEC_D framework (where
applicable), develop other FRT controls
Develop lower level controls and PE hardware models
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REPC_C framework is sufficient– Plant level controls dominate the response of the IBR in the continuous operating mode
Translate REPC_C structure directly to EMT program– Common practice when the inverter manufacturer does not supply the plant controller during the impact study stage
Modeling of plant-level controls
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Modeling of lower level controls – FRT example
FRT control
Inner current control loop
Sequence component filtering
Advanced PLL
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Idea: Start with the REEC_D framework Expand to consider required capability of IBRs during VRT mode
– Example: negative sequence current injection VDE: requires reactive current in the negative sequence proportional to change in negative sequence voltage P2800 Draft 3.1: requires IBR to inject negative sequence reactive current dependent on the terminal negative sequence voltage
Requires modeling of more advanced PLL, signal filtering, and current control structures
FRT control
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Current research focuses on PV Can be extended to Type 4 wind and BESS Further thought needed regarding the need of modeling of the resource on the DC side DFIG WTGs a little more complex
– Doubly‐fed asynchronous machine (existing model in most EMT tools)– ¼ sized back‐to‐back converter acts between rotor and stator
Leads into generic EMT models for other types of IBR
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Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
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Backup
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VSC
Vta Vtb
Ic
Ib
Ia
Ec
Eb
Ea
P = 0.9Q = 0.0688V = 0.606
VA
Vtc
R=0V
R=0V
R=0V
A
B
CVs_c
Vs_b
Vs_a+
L
+
L
+
L
+
R +
R +
R
Average vs switched model
Average Model Implementation
Switching Model Implementation
Main : Graphs
sec 0.465 0.470 0.475 0.480 0.485 0.490 0.495 0.500
-2.00k
-1.50k
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0.00
0.50k
1.00k
1.50k
2.00kIsw_a Ia
-2.00k
-1.50k
-1.00k
-0.50k
0.00
0.50k
1.00k
1.50k
2.00kIsw_b Ib
-2.00k
-1.50k
-1.00k
-0.50k
0.00
0.50k
1.00k
1.50k
2.00kIsw_c Ic
Ic
Ib
Ia
Ec
Eb
EaA
B
C
Idc_p
Idc_n
IDC
IDC
1.0e-8 [ohm]
1.0e-8 [ohm]
1.0e
6 [u
F]
Idc_p1
Idc_n1
Vp
Vn
1.0e
6 [u
F]
*0.001
*-0.001
BRK_DC_P
R=0
R=0
BRK_DC_N
Vs_c
Vs_b
Vs_a+
L
+
L
+
L
+
R +
R +
R
2IIGBT
D
DIGBT
2I
2IIGBT
D
DIGBT
2I
2IIGBT
D
DIGBT
2I
S1
S4 S6
S3
S2
S5