Protist NotesProtist Notes

Life SciencePgs. 226-235

Life SciencePgs. 226-235

What is a Protist?What is a Protist?

Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that can’t be classified as a plant, an animal, or fungi – some are multi-cellular

Mostly single-celled eukaryotes that can’t be classified as a plant, an animal, or fungi – some are multi-cellular

Three Protist Categories

Three Protist Categories

1. Animal-like2. Plant-like3. Fungus-like

1. Animal-like2. Plant-like3. Fungus-like

Animal-like ProtistsAnimal-like Protists

Heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms

Able to move to obtain foodMade of cells with a nucleus & no cell wall - just like an animal cell

ProtozoanUnicellular - one cell

Heterotrophs - get energy from other organisms

Able to move to obtain foodMade of cells with a nucleus & no cell wall - just like an animal cell

ProtozoanUnicellular - one cell

4 Main Groups of Animal-like Protists4 Main Groups of

Animal-like Protists1. Sarcodines2. Ciliates 3. Flagellates4. Parasites

1. Sarcodines2. Ciliates 3. Flagellates4. Parasites

1. Sarcodines1. Sarcodines

Animal-like protist that moves to obtain food

They feed using a pseudopod (“false foot”)

Many have shells- forminiferans & radiolarians - fossils - limestone, marble, and chalk

Example - Amoeba

Animal-like protist that moves to obtain food

They feed using a pseudopod (“false foot”)

Many have shells- forminiferans & radiolarians - fossils - limestone, marble, and chalk

Example - Amoeba

PseudopodPseudopod

Means “false foot”It is a temporary bulging/extension of the cell

It is used to capture and engulf food

It is used to move

Means “false foot”It is a temporary bulging/extension of the cell

It is used to capture and engulf food

It is used to move

Contractile VacuoleContractile Vacuole

A structure that collects and expels extra water from the cell

A structure that collects and expels extra water from the cell

Amoeba ProteusAmoeba Proteus

Proteus was the Greek god of the sea that could change shape!

Proteus was the Greek god of the sea that could change shape!

Cell Membrane

Nucleus

Contractile Vacuole

Cytoplasm

Pseudopod

Food Vacuole

AmoebaAmoeba

Amoeba MovementAmoeba Movement

2. Ciliates2. Ciliates

Animal-like protist that use cilia to move and eat

Example - Paramecium

Animal-like protist that use cilia to move and eat

Example - Paramecium

CiliaCilia

Hair-like projections from the cell that move with a wavelike motion

They work together like an oar, which beat to move

It sweeps food to the ciliatesThey are sensors when they touch an object

Hair-like projections from the cell that move with a wavelike motion

They work together like an oar, which beat to move

It sweeps food to the ciliatesThey are sensors when they touch an object

ParameciumParameciumCilia

3. Flagellates3. Flagellates

Animal-like protists that use flagella (whip-like tail structure)

They can have one or more flagella

Animal-like protists that use flagella (whip-like tail structure)

They can have one or more flagella

4. Parasites4. Parasites

Animal-like protists that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host

Many of them have more than one host

Animal-like protists that feed on the cells and body fluids of their host

Many of them have more than one host

Plant-like ProtistsPlant-like Protists

Commonly called algaeAutotroph - uses the sun’s energy to produce its own food

Some are unicellularSome are multicellular - more than 1 cell

There are 7 main types

Commonly called algaeAutotroph - uses the sun’s energy to produce its own food

Some are unicellularSome are multicellular - more than 1 cell

There are 7 main types

7 Main Types7 Main Types

1. Algae2. Diatoms3. Dinoflagellates4. Euglenoids5. Red Algae6. Green Algae7. Brown Algae

1. Algae2. Diatoms3. Dinoflagellates4. Euglenoids5. Red Algae6. Green Algae7. Brown Algae

1. Algae1. Algae

Plant-like protistsVERY IMPORTANT in oxygen production

Plant-like protistsVERY IMPORTANT in oxygen production

2. Diatoms2. Diatoms

Unicellular protists with glass-like cell walls

Float near the surface of lakes and oceans

Move by oozing chemicals out of slits in their cell walls

Used in household scouring products and insecticides

Unicellular protists with glass-like cell walls

Float near the surface of lakes and oceans

Move by oozing chemicals out of slits in their cell walls

Used in household scouring products and insecticides

3. Dinoflagellates3. Dinoflagellates

Unicellular algae surrounded by stiff plates (suit or armor)

They come in a variety of colors (many glow in the dark)

All have two flagella held in grooves between the plates

They can be seen when a boat travels

through the ocean

Unicellular algae surrounded by stiff plates (suit or armor)

They come in a variety of colors (many glow in the dark)

All have two flagella held in grooves between the plates

They can be seen when a boat travels

through the ocean

4. Euglenoids4. Euglenoids

Green, unicellular algae found mostly in fresh water

It has one animal-like characteristic -

it can be an autotroph

or heterotroph

Green, unicellular algae found mostly in fresh water

It has one animal-like characteristic -

it can be an autotroph

or heterotroph

5. Red Algae5. Red Algae

Multicellular sea weedIt only needs a small amount of sunlight

It is used in hair conditioner

and ice creamIt can grow more

than 260 meters below sea level

Multicellular sea weedIt only needs a small amount of sunlight

It is used in hair conditioner

and ice creamIt can grow more

than 260 meters below sea level

6. Green Algae6. Green Algae

Contains a green pigmentUnicellular organismForms colonies - groupsA few are multicellularThe ones that live on

the land and closely related to plants

Contains a green pigmentUnicellular organismForms colonies - groupsA few are multicellularThe ones that live on

the land and closely related to plants

7. Brown Algae7. Brown Algae

Sea weed with many pigmentsIt has many plant-like structures

Sea weed with many pigmentsIt has many plant-like structures

Fungus-like ProtistsFungus-like Protists

HeterotrophsThey have cell wallsThey use spores to reproduceSpores - A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

Two Main Types: 1. Slime Mold

2. Water Molds and Downy Molds

HeterotrophsThey have cell wallsThey use spores to reproduceSpores - A tiny cell that is able to grow into a new organism

Two Main Types: 1. Slime Mold

2. Water Molds and Downy Molds

1. Slime Mold1. Slime Mold

Brightly coloredLive in moist, shady placesThey are tiny in size to

several meters long

Brightly coloredLive in moist, shady placesThey are tiny in size to

several meters long

2. Water Molds and Downy Molds

2. Water Molds and Downy Molds

Most live in waterThey grow in tiny threads that look like fuzz

Water Mold

Downy Mold

Most live in waterThey grow in tiny threads that look like fuzz

Water Mold

Downy Mold

Works CitedWorks CitedAmoeba Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.

<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >

Amoeba Video. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.

<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >

Carl. Protist Pictures. “Protists.” Mr. Carl’s e-Class. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >

Amoeba Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.

<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >

Amoeba Video. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009.

<http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >

Carl. Protist Pictures. “Protists.” Mr. Carl’s e-Class. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >

Works CitedWorks CitedKimball, John W. Diatom Picture. “The Protists.” Kimball’s Biology Pages. 16 Dec. 2008. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >

Paramecium Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >

Kimball, John W. Diatom Picture. “The Protists.” Kimball’s Biology Pages. 16 Dec. 2008. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://www.lanesville.k12.in.us/lcsyellowpages/Tickit/Carl/protists.html#Plant >

Paramecium Picture. “Protists.” The Biology Web. 18 April 2006. 10 Feb. 2009. <http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/Bio%20102/Bio%20102%20lectures/protists/amoeba%20movement%202%20(150%20kbs).wmv >