protist guide

ProtistsTeacher’s Guide

Grades 5-9

Editors:Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.Stephanie Zak Jerome

Assistant Editors:Heidi Berry

Stephanie RogersAnneliese Brown

Graphics:Dean Ladago

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Use and Copyright:Use and Copyright:Use and Copyright:Use and Copyright:Use and Copyright:The purchase of this video program entitles the user the right to reproduce orduplicate, in whole or in part, this teacher’s guide and the blackline masterhandouts for the purpose of teaching in conjunction with this video, Protists.The right is restricted only for use with this video program. Any reproductionor duplication, in whole or in part, of this guide and student masters for anypurpose other than for use with this video program is prohibited.

The video and this teacher’s guide are the exclusive property ofthe copyright holder. Copying, transmitting or reproducing inany form, or by any means, without prior written permissionfrom the copyright holder is prohibited (Title 17, U.S. CodeSections 501 and 506).

62501a

Mary CahillPotomac Middle SchoolMcLean, Virginia

Susan HurstecalderoneOur Lady of LourdesChevy Chase, Maryland

Wasim Chowdhury, Ph.D.Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of MarylandBaltimore, Maryland


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Table of Contents

A Message From Our Company 5

National Standards Correlations 6

Student Learning Objectives 7

Assessment 8

Introducing the Video 9

Video Viewing Suggestions 9

Video Script 11

Answers to Student Assessment and 16Activity Masters

Assessment and Student Activities Masters 18

Page


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A Message fromA Message fromA Message fromA Message fromA Message fromour Company ...our Company ...our Company ...our Company ...our Company ...

Dear Educator:

Thank you for your interest in the educational videos produced bythe Visual Learning Company. We are a Vermont-based, family ownedand operated business specializing in the production of qualityeducational science videos and materials.

We have a long family tradition of education. Our grandmothersgraduated from normal school in the 1920’s to become teachers.Brian’s mother was an elementary teacher and guidance counselor,and his father was a high school teacher and superintendent. Thisfamily tradition inspired Brian to become a science teacher, and toearn a Ph.D. in education, and lead Stephanie to work on scienceeducational programs at NASA.

In developing this video, accompanying teacher’s guide, and studentactivities, our goal is to provide educators with the highest qualitymaterials, thus enabling students to be successful. In this era of moredemanding standards and assessment requirements, supplementarymaterials need to be curricular and standards based - this is what wedo!

Our videos and accompanying materials focus on the key conceptsand vocabulary required by national and state standards and goals.It is our mission to help students meet these goals and standards,while experiencing the joy and thrill of science.

Sincerely,

Brian and Stephanie Jerome


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Standards CorrelationsStandards CorrelationsStandards CorrelationsStandards CorrelationsStandards Correlations

National Science Education Standards(Content Standards: 5-8, National Academy of Sciences, c. 1996)Science as Inquiry - Content Standard A:

As a result of activities in grades 5-8, all students should develop:

• Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry • Understandings about scientific inquiry

Life Science - Content Standard C:As a result of their activities in grades 5-8, all students should

understand that: • All organisms are composed of cells-the fundamental unit of life. Most organisms are single cells; other organisms, including humans, are multicellular. • Cells carry on the many functions needed to sustain life. They grow and divide, thereby producing more cells. This requires that they take in nutrients, which they use to provide energy for the work that cells do and to make the materials that a cell or an organism needs.

Benchmarks for Science Literacy(Project 2061 - AAAS, c. 1993)The Living Environment - Cells (5c) By the end of the 8th grade, students should know that: • All living things are composed of cells, from just one to many millions, whose details usually are visible only through a microscope. • Cells continually divide to make more cells for growth and repair. • Within cells, many of the basic functions of organisms-such as extracting energy from food and getting rid of waste-are carried out.


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Student LearningStudent LearningStudent LearningStudent LearningStudent LearningObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectivesObjectives

Upon viewing the video and completing the enclosed studentactivities, students should be able to do the following:

• Understand that protists belong to the Kingdom Protistaand come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and colors.

• Define protists as single-celled or multicellular organismsthat contain a nucleus.

• Differentiate between plant-like protists, animal-likeprotists, and fungus-like protists.

• Identify and describe the major features of euglenas,diatoms, and dinoflagellates.

• Provide examples of how algae are utilized in everydaylife.

• Describe the major characteristics of ciliates, zooflagellates, and sporozoans.

• Explain the major characteristics of fungus-like protists.

• Differentiate between and describe the characteristics of green, red, and brown algae.

• Describe harmful diseases that are caused by protists , such as giardia and malaria.


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AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessment

Preliminary Test:Preliminary Test:Preliminary Test:Preliminary Test:Preliminary Test:

Video Review:Video Review:Video Review:Video Review:Video Review:

Post-Test:Post-Test:Post-Test:Post-Test:Post-Test:

The Preliminary Test, provided in the Student Masters section, is anassessment tool designed to gain an understanding of student preexistingknowledge. It can also be used as a benchmark upon which to assessstudent progress based on the objectives stated on the previous pages.

The Video Review, provided in the Student Masters section, can be used asan assessment tool or as a student activity. There are two main parts. Thefirst part contains questions titled “You Decide” that can be answered duringthe video. The second series of ten questions consists of a video quiz to beanswered at the conclusion of the video.

The Post-Test, provided in the Student Masters section, can be utilized as anassessment tool following student completion of the video and studentactivities. The results of the Post-Test can be compared against the results ofthe Preliminary Test to assess student progress.


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Introducing theIntroducing theIntroducing theIntroducing theIntroducing theVideoVideoVideoVideoVideo

Video ViewingVideo ViewingVideo ViewingVideo ViewingVideo ViewingSuggestionsSuggestionsSuggestionsSuggestionsSuggestionsThe Student Master “Video Review” is provided for distribution to students.You may choose to have your students complete this Master while viewingthe program or to do so upon its conclusion.

The program is approximately 20-minutes in length and includes a ten-question video quiz. Answers are not provided to the Video Quiz on thevideo, but are included in this Teacher’s Guide. You may choose to eithergrade student quizzes as an assessment tool or to review the answers inclass.

The video is content-rich with numerous vocabulary words. For this reason,you may want to periodically stop the video to review and discuss newterminology and concepts.

Before showing the video, ask students “what is a protist?” Write theirthoughts on the board. As a class, have students brainstorm ideas aboutsome of the protists that affect their everyday lives. Leave their answers onthe board while viewing the video. After watching the program andcompleting the video quiz, add new examples of protists to the list, as wellas refining the list of protist characteristics. Review your examples anddecide whether the protists are beneficial or harmful to humans. As ahomework assignment or in small groups, have students create a chartoutlining the major groups of ciliates and their characteristics.


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Student AssessmentsStudent AssessmentsStudent AssessmentsStudent AssessmentsStudent Assessmentsand Activitiesand Activitiesand Activitiesand Activitiesand Activities

Assessment Masters:Assessment Masters:Assessment Masters:Assessment Masters:Assessment Masters:

Student Activity Masters:Student Activity Masters:Student Activity Masters:Student Activity Masters:Student Activity Masters:

• Preliminary Test

• Video Review

• Post-Test

• Amoeba and Paramecium

• Pond Water

• A Deadly Disease

• Vocabulary of Protists


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Video Script: Video Script: Video Script: Video Script: Video Script: ProtistsProtistsProtistsProtistsProtists

1. The ocean is home to all kinds of living things, including...

2. …this seaweed found along the shore,...

3. …this giant kelp living in deep water,...

4. …this starfish living in rocky tidal pools,...

5. …and these sea anemones with their numerous tentacles,...

6. …as well as hundreds of species of fish,...

7. …and larger animals, such as sharks…

8. …and seals.

9. While all these living things are easily seen, . . .

10. ...the oceans contain thousands of other organisms that are invisible to the naked eye.

11. The kingdom Protista contains a group of organisms called protists.

12. What are protists?

13. What do they look like and how do they go about living?

14. During the next few minutes we are going to explore many of the fascinating

characteristics of protists...

15. …and take a look at how they affect our lives.

16. Graphic Transition - Protists

17. You Decide!

18. What similarities do you see between these protists?

19. If you said that they are small, then you are right.

20. Although they are all small, protists come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes and

colors.

21. So what makes a protist a protist?

22. Protists are single-celled or multicellular organisms that contain a nucleus and are

therefore known as eukaryotic cells.

23. Protists tend to live in wet environments such as the ocean,...

24. …lakes,...

25. …or wetlands.

26. While many protists, such as this paramecium, live a solitary existence,...

27. …others, such as Volvox, live in groups or colonies.

28. Some protists, like this euglena, have the ability to create their own food via the

process of photosynthesis,...

29. …while other protists, such as this amoeba, eat other organisms for sustenance.

30. Still other protists, such as this slime mold, survive by decomposing once living

organisms.

31. Protists, therefore, can be plant-like, animal-like, or fungus-like.

32. Let’s first take a look at the plant-like protists.

33. Graphic Transition - Plant-like Protists


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Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)34. You Decide!

35. What organisms produce the color patterns seen here in this image of the

Earth’s oceans?

36. Phytoplankton, microscopic plants floating on top of the ocean, produce the

computer enhanced color patterns.

37. Phytoplankton consist of a wide variety of plant-like organisms that serve as the base

of the food chain in oceans and lakes.

38. Most life, directly or indirectly, depends on these plant-like protists. In fact,

phytoplankton contribute over half of the world’s oxygen supply.

39. When you swim in an ocean or lake, you are swimming in millions of

phytoplankton!

40. Plant-like protists, also known as algae, have the ability to create food from sunlight.

Some algae, such as this cell, are unicellular,...

41. …while others, such as this kelp, are multicellular.

42. There are six main groups of algae. Let’s now take a look at them.

43. Graphic Transition - Euglenas, Diatoms and Dinoflagellates

44. This amazing little creature, called a euglena, is part plant and part animal.

45. It contains green chloroplasts that enable it to carry out photosynthesis.

46. When light is not present, however, it also has the ability to eat other organisms for

use as food and energy.

47. A whip-like structure called a flagellum enables this euglena to move through water.

48. Believe it or not, when you use toothpaste to brush your teeth you are using protists

called diatoms.

49. Diatoms are photosynthetic, one-celled algae.

50. They take on a wide variety of shapes and sizes.

51. The shells of diatoms contain glassy silica, giving toothpaste its slightly gritty

texture.

52. Diatoms have long existed in large numbers in the oceans. Over thousands of years,

dead diatoms have accumulated on the ocean floor forming large deposits that we mine

today.

53. Today, diatoms are used to make such things as reflective road paint...

54. …and polishing creams, such as car wax.

55. Perhaps you have had the opportunity to eat clams or mussels - animals that live

inside shells.

56. Among other things, these animals feed on microscopic plant-like organisms called

dinoflagellates, which they filter from the water.

57. Often called fire algae, some types of dinoflagellates contain a red pigment.

58. Occasionally, certain kinds of dinoflagellates, carrying poisonous toxins, reproduce

so quickly that they become a threat to other organisms like fish and shellfish.

59. When eaten by humans, severe illness may result.


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Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.) 60. This overabundance of poisonous dinoflagellates is referred to as “red tide

poisoning.”

61. Most dinoflagellates possess a cell wall that looks like plates of armor.

62. They also have hair-like flagella that propel them through water.

63. Graphic Transition - Green, Red and Brown Algae

64. You Decide!

65. What gives this sea water its greenish color?

66. That’s right - thousands of microscopic green algae.

67. There are over 7,000 species of green algae worldwide, found mostly in oceans, lakes

and rivers.

68. Some algae, however, can live on the moist bark of trees...

69. …and even in the fur of animals, such as this sloth, found in the rainforest.

70. While many kinds of algae are single-celled, other green algae,...

71. …such as volvox, live in groups or colonies that may include several thousand cells.

72. Still others, like this spirogyra, form long chains.

73. Do you enjoy eating ice cream or pudding? If so, then you are eating a substance

which contains a compound derived from another type of algae - red algae.

74. This red algae, called Irish moss, is found along ocean shores. It produces a

compound called carrageenan, which is used as a thickener in many foods such as ice

cream.

75. Red algae is so named because it contains a pigment that gives it a reddish color.

76. You Decide!

77. What kind of algae is this kelp?

78. If you said brown algae, then you are right!

79. Kelp, a large brown algae, can form tall “kelp forests.” Often found along the

California coast, kelp forests provide habitat for a wide variety of ocean animals.

80. Brown algae produce a compound called algin, often used to give marshmallows

their thick texture.

81. Graphic Transition - Animal-like Protists

82. This type of protist, called a protozoan, exhibits many animal-like characteristics.

83. Protozoa have a nucleus, but do not have a cell wall.

84. They are heterotrophs, meaning that they need to eat other organisms for energy and

survival.

85. There are four main groups of protozoa. Let’s first take a look at the group called

sarcodines.

86. This strange looking creature is a type of sarcodine called an amoeba.

87. Amoebas have no definite shape. They have the ability to extend their cell

membranes and cytoplasm into foot-like extensions called pseudopods.

88. Amoebas use pseudopods to move and engulf food.

89. One problem that many sarcodines encounter is the continual seeping of water into

their cells.


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Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)90. This is where a structure called a contractile vacuole helps. It collects

excess water and then squirts it back outside the cell.

91. Graphic Transition - Ciliates and Zooflagellates

92. You Decide!

93. What small structures cover this ciliate?

94. If you said tiny hairs, or cilia, then you are right.

95. A group of protists called ciliates possess small hairs called cilia.

96. The cilia act like oars on a boat, propelling the ciliate through water.

97. This paramecium uses cilia to move and to sweep food into its mouth, called the oral

groove.

98. Another group of animal-like protists are the zooflagellates. Zooflagellates move by

means of a whip-like flagellum.

99. One zooflagellate with which you may be familiar is this organism, know as

giardia.

100. Giardia causes intestinal problems by attaching to the walls of the small intestines.

101. People often swallow the giardia zooflagellate when drinking lake or stream water.

102. While the water may look and taste clean, it could possess harmful giardia.

103. Therefore, it is a good idea to bring your own water with you while hiking or

camping, no matter how clean the water may look.

104. Graphic Transition - Sporozoans

105. Sporozoans are parasites that feed on the bodies of host animals, causing harm to

the host.

106. You have probably heard of a disease called malaria. Believe it or not, over 200

million people worldwide are still affected by this protist.

107. Malaria is caused by a sporozoan called plasmodium.

108. Sporozoans are protists that, at one point in their lives, form cells called spores.

109. In the case of malaria, the plasmodium spores inhabit mosquitoes, which transmit

the disease by biting people.

110. The spores infect the liver and blood cells, resulting in a high fever and chills. If

medical attention is not received immediately, death can result.

111. Graphic Transition - Fungus-like Protists

112. Ireland’s Great Potato Famine of 1845 and 1846 caused the deaths of 1/3 of

Ireland’s people, and forced hundreds of thousands more to leave the island.

113. You Decide!

114. What damaged the potato crop?

115. A type of fungus-like protist, referred to as water mold, is the parasite responsible

for destroying most of the Irish potato crop.

116. Slime molds are another type of fungus-like protists that you might have seen

growing on dead logs or plants in the forest.

117. Slime molds commonly appear in beautiful, bright colors, as seen here.

118. Slime molds reproduce by creating a fruity body that contains spores. Each spore


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Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.)Script (cont.) has the capability to develop into a new organism.

119. Graphic Transition - Summing Up

120. During the past few minutes we’ve explored many different

characteristics of protists.

121. We studied what makes a protist a protist…

122. ...and what kinds of environments protists live in.

123. We looked at the structures of different protists.

124. We also learned that there are different kinds of protists,…

125. ...including plant-like,…

126. ...animal-like,…

127. ...and fungus-like protists.

128. We discovered that protists can be harmful,...

129. … like the ones that cause red tide,…

130. …but they can also be helpful in things such as reflective paint and car wax.

131. So the next time you go swimming,…

132. …brush your teeth,…

133. …or think about drinking from a stream,….

134. …remember the many ways protists affect our lives.

135. You just might look at life a little differently.

Video Quiz Follows

Fill in the correct word when you hear this tone. Good luck and let’s get started.

1. Protist cells contain a _______.

2. Protists tend to live in ___ environments.

3. _____________ are plant-like protists living on the ocean surface.

4. _______ are one-celled algae containing silica.

5. Some dinoflagellates cause harmful ______ _____.

6. Green, red and brown _____ are common in lakes and oceans.

7. _________ exhibit animal-like characteristics.

8. This common sarcodine is an ______.

9. Ciliates possess small _____.

10. Malaria is caused by a ________.


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Answers toAnswers toAnswers toAnswers toAnswers toStudent AssessmentsStudent AssessmentsStudent AssessmentsStudent AssessmentsStudent Assessments

Preliminary Test

Video ReviewYou Decide:

Video Quiz:1. nucleus2. moist or wet3. phytoplankton4. diatoms5. red tide6. algae7. protozoans8. amoeba9. cilia or hairs10. sporozoan

Post Test1. T2. F3. F4. F5. T6. T7. T8. T9. F10. F11. dinoflagellates12. phytoplankton13. silica14. sporozoan15. chloroplasts16. pigments17. cilia18. eukaryotic19. fungus20. protozoans

1. eukaryotic2. phytoplankton3. chloroplasts4. silica5. dinoflagellates6. pigments7. protozoans8. cilia9. sporozoan10. fungus11. F12. T13. F14. F15. T16. T17. F18. T19. T20. F

A. They are all small.B. phytoplanktonC. thousands of microscopic green algaeD. brown algaeE. tiny hairs, or ciliaF. A fungus-like protist called water molddestroyed most of the Irish potato crop.

Answers toAnswers toAnswers toAnswers toAnswers toStudent ActivitiesStudent ActivitiesStudent ActivitiesStudent ActivitiesStudent Activities

Protists


Amoeba and ParameciumAmoeba:1. nucleus2. cell membrane3. pseudopod4. food vacuole5. cytoplasmParamecium:1. cilia2. food vacuole3. oral groove4. macronucleus5. micronucleus6. contractile vacuole

Pond Water Protists

A Deadly Disease

Vocabulary1. c, euglena2. a, amoeba3. i, ciliates4. f, sporozoans5. j, diatoms6. b, phytoplankton7. e, giardia8. g, slime molds9. d, carrageenan10. h, protist

Part I:1. B2. C3. B4. D

Part II:1. F2. F3. T4. F5. T

Part III:Answers will vary.

1. Microorganisms that produce their ownfood tend to be greenish in color becausethey contain chloroplasts. Consumers maypossess special structures needed to captureand engulf prey.2. Paramecium or other ciliates are probablythe fastest moving organism due to theircilia.3. Producers in the pond ecosystem producetheir own food through photosynthesis andthen act as a food source for themicroorganisms (consumers) that eat them.

AssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessmentAssessmentand Studentand Studentand Studentand Studentand Student

ActivityActivityActivityActivityActivityMastersMastersMastersMastersMasters

Protists Name___________________

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Preliminary TestPreliminary TestPreliminary TestPreliminary TestPreliminary TestDirections: Fill in the blank with the correct word. A list of possible

answers is provided at the bottom of the page.

1. Protists contain a nucleus and are therefore called _____________ cells.

2. __________________ are microscopic plant-like organisms that float on lakesand oceans.

3. Structures called _____________ enable plant-like protists to produce foodusing light from the sun.

4. The shells of diatoms contain _____________.

5. Red tide poisoning is caused by some types of __________________.

6. The different colors in algae are caused by _____________.

7. _____________ exhibit animal-like characteristics.

8. Paramecium are covered with tiny hairs called _____________.

9. Malaria is caused by a type of protist called a _____________.

10. Slime molds have many _____________ -like characteristics.

pigments phytoplanktonprotozoans chloroplastseukaryotic silicadinoflagellates ciliafungus sporozoan

animal euglena

Protists Name___________________

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PreliminaryPreliminaryPreliminaryPreliminaryPreliminaryTestTestTestTestTest

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

Directions: Decide whether the answer is True (T) or False (F).

11. Protists do not have a nucleus.

12. Protists tend to live in moist environments.

13. Protists come in one main shape.

14. Red tide is caused by green algae.

15. Amoebas have no definite shape.

16. Heterotrophs need to eat other organisms for energy.

17. A paramecium is an example of a sarcodine.

18. Amoebas use pseudopods to move and obtain food.

19. Giardia, a microorganism found in some water, causes

severe intestinal problems when ingested.

20. Malaria is transmitted by wasps. T F

Protists Name___________________

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Video ReviewVideo ReviewVideo ReviewVideo ReviewVideo ReviewDirections: During the course of the program, answer the “You Decide”questions as they are presented in the video. Answer the Video Quiz questions atthe end of the video.

You Decide:

A. What similarities do you see between these protists?

B. What organisms produce the color patterns seen here in this image of the Earth’soceans?

C. What gives this sea water its greenish color?

D. What kind of algae is this kelp?

E. What small structures cover this ciliate?

F. What damaged the potato crop?

Video Quiz:1. Protist cells contain a _______.

2. Protists tend to live in ___ environments.

3. _____________ are plant-like protists living on the ocean surface.

4. _______ are one-celled algae containing silica.

5. Some poisonous dinoflagellates cause harmful ______ _____.

6. Green, red and brown _______ are common in lakes and oceans.

7. _________ exhibit animal-like characteristics.

8. This common sarcodine is an ________.

9. Ciliates possess small _____.

10. Malaria is caused by a __________.

Protists Name___________________

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Post TestPost TestPost TestPost TestPost TestDirections: Decide whether the answer is True (T) or False (F).

1. Amoebas use pseudopods to move and obtain food.

2. Malaria is transmitted by wasps.

3. Protists do not have a nucleus.

4. Protists come in one main shape.

5. Heterotrophs need to eat other organisms for energy.

6. Giardia, a microorganism found in some water, causes

severe intestinal problems.

7. Amoebas have no definite shape.

8. Protists tend to live in moist environments.

9. Red tide is caused by green algae.

10. A paramecium is an example of a sarcodine.

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

T F

Protists Name___________________

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Directions: Fill in the blank with the correct word. A list of possibleanswers is provided at the bottom of the page.

11. Red tide poisoning is caused by some types of ________________.

12. _______________ are microscopic plant-like organisms that float on

lakes and oceans.

13. The shells of diatoms contain _____________.

14. Malaria is caused by a type of protist called a _____________.

15. Structures called _____________ enable plant-like protists to produce food using light from the sun.

16. The different colors in algae are caused by _____________.

17. Paramecium are covered with tiny hairs called _____________.

18. Protists contain a nucleus and are therefore called _____________ cells.

19. Slime molds have many _____________ -like characteristics.

20. _____________ exhibit animal-like characteristics.

pigments phytoplanktonprotozoans chloroplastseukaryotic silicadinoflagellates ciliafungus sporozoan

animal euglena

Post TestPost TestPost TestPost TestPost Test

Protists Name___________________

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Amoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumObjective: In this lab, students will label the parts of two protists: an amoeba anda paramecium.

Background: Amoebas and paramecium are classified in the group Protozoa. Theseprotozoans cannot produce their own food. They are heterotrophs and need to eat otherliving things. One difference between paramecium and amoebas are their body shape.Amoebas do not have a definite body shape, whereas the body shape of paramecium iswell defined. Amoeba have “false feet” called pseudopods which allow them to moveand constantly change shape. Paramecium are covered with small hairs called ciliawhich propel them through water.

Directions: Identify the structures of the amoeba using the descriptions provided below.

food sourcefood sourcefood sourcefood sourcefood source1.1.1.1.1.

4.4.4.4.4.

3.3.3.3.3.

2.2.2.2.2.

Cytoplasm: fluid-like mixture containing organellesFood Vacuole: surrounds, engulfs, and digests foodPseudopod: extension from body that propel the protistCell Membrane: decides what enters and exits the protistNucleus: control center of the cell containing hereditary material

5.5.5.5.5.

Protists Name___________________

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Amoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and ParameciumAmoeba and Paramecium(cont.)(cont.)(cont.)(cont.)(cont.)Directions: Identify the structures of the paramecium using the descriptions providedbelow.

1.1.1.1.1.

2.2.2.2.2.

3.3.3.3.3.

4.4.4.4.4.

5.5.5.5.5.

6.6.6.6.6.

Macronucleus: the larger of the paramecium’s two nucleiOral Groove: food particles are swept into the groove by cilia; a food vacuole waits at

the end of the groove where it then engulfs the food and brings it into the parameciumCilia: hair-like threads that propel the paramecium through the waterContractile Vacuole: rids cell of excess water and some wastesMicronucleus: controls protein synthesis, respiration, and reproduction; the smaller of

the two nucleiFood Vacuole: digests food that enters the paramecium

Protists Name___________________

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Pond WaterPond WaterPond WaterPond WaterPond WaterObjective: In this lab you will investigate the different microorganisms found in

pond water and differentiate between the movements of different types of protists.

You will also determine the role microorganisms play in a freshwater ecosystem.

Materials:

Microscope

Pond water sample

Cover slips

Slides

Medicine dropper or pipette

Biology textbook and encyclopedia

Procedure: You will receive a sample of pond water from your teacher. Other samples

may be used to perform this lab, such as samples from an aquarium, a lake, or a marsh.

1. Prepare three slides of a pond water sample.

2. Observe your slides under low and high power.

3. On the back of this page or on a separate piece of paper, make a chart of the

microorganisms that you observed. Make three columns with the headers labelled:

Microorganism, Movement, and Classification.

4. Using the diagrams on the following page and any outside sources, identify the

different protists in your slides. Record them in the column labelled Microorganisms.

You may also observe different invertebrates, such as Cyclops and Daphnia.

5. Observe the movement of the microorganisms. Record your observations in the

column labelled Movement.

6. Classify the protists on your chart by the way they move. Sarcodines move via

pseudopodia (false feet); ciliates move by using their tiny hair-like structures called

cilia; flagellates move by using a whip-like tail called a flagella; and sporozoans

have no physical method of movement. Record in the column labelled Classification.

Conclusions:

1. Try to determine which microorganisms are producers and which are consumers.

2. Of the microorganisms you observed, which moved the fastest? What may be a

reason for this microorganism’s fast movement?

3. Describe the roles microorganisms play in the pond community? Use the terms

producer and consumer in your answer.

Protists Name___________________

27

Pond Water (cont).Pond Water (cont).Pond Water (cont).Pond Water (cont).Pond Water (cont).

VorticellaVorticellaVorticellaVorticellaVorticella

EuglenaEuglenaEuglenaEuglenaEuglena ParameciumParameciumParameciumParameciumParamecium

AmoebaAmoebaAmoebaAmoebaAmoeba

Slime MoldSlime MoldSlime MoldSlime MoldSlime Mold VolvoxVolvoxVolvoxVolvoxVolvox

DaphniaDaphniaDaphniaDaphniaDaphnia

StentorStentorStentorStentorStentorCyclopsCyclopsCyclopsCyclopsCyclops SpirogyraSpirogyraSpirogyraSpirogyraSpirogyra

Protists Name___________________

28

A Deadly DiseaseA Deadly DiseaseA Deadly DiseaseA Deadly DiseaseA Deadly DiseaseDirections: Read the passage and answer the questions that follow.

Malaria is a devastating disease that commonly affects people in the tropical regions of

the world, and less often in other parts of the world. Malaria is the number one cause of

death in children under the age of five worldwide. Unlike many insect-related diseases,

malaria is not caused by a virus, but by a parasitic protist called Plasmodium. Plasmo-

dium is transmitted by the bite of the female mosquito, Anopheles. There are four forms

of Plasmodium that cause malaria. The most deadly form is Plasmodium falciparum.

How does this parasite infect a person? The illustration below shows how a person can

contract malaria.

Malaria remains one of the most serious epidemics we face today. A cure has not been

discovered, nor is a vaccine available. Efforts to control the spread of malaria have

largely failed. A drug called Chloroquine that is used to treat malaria is no longer

completely effective because Plasmodium have developed a resistance to the drug.

Insecticides such as DDT, a chemical that was banned in the United States because of its

detrimental effects on the food web, are used to kill the Anopheles mosquito. But the

mosquitos have developed immunities to insecticides. Efforts to develop more effective

drugs and a vaccine continue. There may be hope for a cure. A drug called Malarone was

recently developed and has proven to be effective in treating malaria. Hopefully this drug

will continue to be effective and save millions of lives.

7.) The merozoites break out of

the red blood cells, causing ��the cells

to burst. ��The symptoms of malaria

are produced. These symptoms

include high fever, chills, nausea

and vomiting, headaches, diarrhea,

and anemia.

5.) The spores invade the cells in the

person’s liver and develop into merozoites.

6.) Merozoites migrate to the

person’s red blood cells where

they reproduce.

1.) A female Anopheles mosquito bites a person

previously infected with malaria and ingests

Plasmodium gametes into its

blood.

2.) Plasmodium gametes reproduce in the

mosquito’s digestive tract and in 10-14

days release spores.

3.) These spores travel to the

mosquito’s salivary glands.

4.) The mosquito bites another

human victim and infects them with

plasmodium spores.

8.) Some merozoites remain in the

blood as gametocytes, ready to be

passed to a mosquito and start the

cycle over again.

Protists Name___________________

29

A Deadly Disease (cont)A Deadly Disease (cont)A Deadly Disease (cont)A Deadly Disease (cont)A Deadly Disease (cont)Directions: Part I: Circle the correct multiple choice answer.

Part II: Decide whether the statement is True (T) or False (F).

Part I:

1. The symptoms of malaria occur in a human during which stage:

A. After Plasmodium spores invade a human’s liver

B. After merozoites cause a human’s red blood cells to burst

C. During reproduction of merozoites

D. When Plasmodium gametes enter a human’s red blood cells

2. A new drug which has recently been developed and may be effective in treating

malaria is called:

A. Chloroquine B. Sporozoa C. Malarone D. DDT

3. Malaria is difficult to treat because:

A. Pesticides are not being used to control the mosquito population

B. Plasmodium has developed a resistance to the drug Chloroquine

C. Plasmodium has developed a resistance to the drug Malarone

D. Drugs are not used to treat malaria

4. Plasmodium are:

A. deadly viruses B. female mosquitos C. insecticides D. parasites

Part II:

1. Malaria is caused by a virus called Plasmodium. T F

2. The male mosquito transmits Plasmodium into a person. T F

3. The pesticide DDT was banned in the United States T F

4. The most deadly form of Plasmodium that causes malaria is called T F

Plasmodium anopheles.

5. Chloroquine is losing its effectiveness in treating malaria. T F

Part III: Research the different efforts that are underway to treat malaria and control its

spread. Find at least two different efforts, such as new treatments for malaria or methods

for controlling the mosquito. Write a one-page report on your findings.

Protists Name___________________

30

Vocabulary ofVocabulary ofVocabulary ofVocabulary ofVocabulary ofProtistsProtistsProtistsProtistsProtists

1. ____ gnlueae

2. ____ bmaeao

3. ____ aiictlse

4. ____ zroonsaspo

5. ____ imadsto

6. ____ pyknlptonotah

7. ____ gdiraai

8. ____ miesl dmsol

9. ____ erergnanaca

10. ____ rtptios

a. a type of protist with no definite shape

b. plant-like organisms that float on ornear the surface of lakes and oceans

c. a microorganism that is part plant andpart animal

d. a compound found in some algae that isused as a thickener in foods

e. a zooflagellate found in fresh water thatcan be harmful to humans

f. parasites that feed on the bodies of hostanimals

g. colorful fungus-like protists

h. single-celled or multicellular organismscontaining a nucleus

i. a group of protists covered with smallhair-like projections

j. a type of algae that possess a shellcontaining silica

protist guide

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