properties of metals and non metals

Slide 1

02017402116 /B.ED/V.D.I.T/2016-2018

MetalsAnd Non-metals

Today we will learn.. What is Metal.What is Non-metal.Physical Properties of Metals and Non-metals.Chemical Properties of Metals and Non-metals.Uses of Metals and Non-metals.

Activity Name the material on the basis of Appearance and Hardness.

Object/MaterialAppearance(Shiny/Dull)Hardness (Very hard /Not very hard)Iron NailCoalSulphurCopper

Object/MaterialAppearance(Shiny/Dull)Hardness (Very hard /Not very hard)Iron NailShinyVery hardCoal PiecedullNot very hardAluminium WireshinyHardCopper Utensilsshiny Hard

MetalsAmetal is a material that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has goodelectrical andthermal conductivity. Metals are generally malleable -- they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking as well as fusible--able to be fused or melted and ductile --able to be drawn out into a thin wire.

Non-metalsANon-metal is a material that is dull,softer, it mostly lacksmettalicattributes. Physically, nonmetals tend to be highly volatile (easilyvaporized), have low elasticity, and are good insulators of heat and electricity. Seventeen elements are generally classified as nonmetals most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon)one is a liquid (bromine) and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine)

Video on properties of metals and non-metals

Physical Properties of Metals


Hard and strong - Metals are generally hard, strong solids. They are strong enough to bear heavy loads, i.e., they have a high tensile strength. We generally look for a metal when we need a strong material. This is because metals are in general hard and strong. Some examples of metals are magnesium , aluminum , iron etc.Exceptions:Sodium and potassium are soft solids which can be cut with a knife, and mercury is a liquid under ordinary conditions.Whereas in Non metals ,most of them are gases only few are solids which are not very hard in nature.


Lustrous - They have a lustre, known as metallic lustre. For example, aluminium, iron, zinc, copper, silver and gold are all lustrous. Such metals can be polished too.Sonorous - Metals are sonorous. When struck, they produce a sound called a metallic sound or metallic clink. Recall the ringing of a bell or the clink of coins.


Malleablity - Metals are malleable. In other words, they can be beaten or rolled into sheets. Aluminium, iron, copper or silver can be beaten or rolled into thin sheets. Common examples are the silver foil used to decorate sweets and aluminium foil used to pack foodstuff.


Ductilty - Metals are ductile, i.e., they are flexible and can be drawn into wires. For example, iron, aluminium, copper, silver and gold can be easily drawn into wires.

Can you draw a wire from a piece of wood or coal? No, because wood and coal are brittle, not flexible.


Metals are good conductors of heat - i.e. they allow heat to pass through them easily. Due to this property, we use metal utensils in kitchens. Heat supplied at one place of the utensil is conducted all over it. You cannot use a frying pan made of, say, cardboard because it is a bad conductor of heat. When placed over fire, cardboard does not distribute the heat all over the pan. Instead, it starts burning due to the localised heat.


Metals are good conductors of electricity i.e., they allow an electric current to pass through them easily. This is why electricity is transmitted from one point to another through metal wires, like those of copper or aluminium. Silver is the best conductor of electricity; the next best is copper and then aluminium. You cannot use nylon or jute ropes for electrical transmission, as nylon and jute are bad conductors of electricity.

Physical Properties of Non-metals

Physical Properties of Non-metals

In contrast to metals, non-metals are not known for strength. They are :-

Usually lustreless (dull) except graphite and iodine, Brittle (if solid) Bad conductors of heatBad conductors of electricity except graphiteNon-sonorous (i.e., they do not produce a metallic clink).

Of the 24 nonmetals known today, 12 are solids (e.g., carbon, silicon, phosphorus, sulphur),1 is a liquid (bromine), and 11 are gases (e.g., hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, helium, neon, argon) under ordinary conditions.

Chemical Propertiesof METALS

Chemical Properties of Metals

Reaction of metals with oxygen:Metals form their oxides when react with oxygen.Metal oxides are basic in nature.Example Reaction of Iron metal with oxygen:4Fe + 3O2 --->2Fe2O3 When iron reacts with moist air, it forms rust. Rust is iron oxide. Articles made of iron, such as grills, fencing, etc. are get rusted because of reaction with moist air.Rust is reddish brown in colour and is iron oxide.Iron oxide is basic in nature. It turns red litmus blue.

Chemical Properties of MetalsReaction of Magnesium metal with oxygen: 2Mg + O2 2MgO When magnesium is burnt in air, it forms magnesium oxide. Burning in air means reaction with oxygen. Magnesium oxide forms magnesium hydroxide with water. Solution of Magnesium oxide turns red litmus paper blue. This means magnesium oxide is basic in nature.

Chemical Properties of MetalsReaction of Metals with water: Generally, metals form respective hydroxides when they react with water.Reaction of sodium metal with water: Sodium metal vigorously reacts with water and forms sodium hydroxide along with lot of heat.Reaction of potassium with water:2K + 2H2O 2KOH + H2 Potassium metal vigorously reacts with water and forms potassium hydroxide along with lot of heat.

Chemical Properties of MetalsReaction of metals with dilute acidMetals give hydrogen gas when they react with dilute acid.Reaction of zinc with dilute acid: Mg + 2HCl = MgCl2 + H2 Zinc gives hydrogen gas along with zinc chloride when it reacts with hydrochloric acid. Similarly, zinc gives hydrogen gas along with zinc sulphate when it reacts with sulphuric acid. This method is used to produce hydrogen gas in laboratory.Reaction of Aluminium with dilute acid:2Al(s) + 6HCl(aq) = 2AlCl3(aq) + 3H2(g). Aluminium gives hydrogen gas along with aluminium chloride when it reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Chemical Properties of Non-metals

Chemical Properties of Non metalsReaction of Non-metals with oxygen:Non-metals forms their oxides when react with oxygen.Thus,Non-metal forms their oxide when reacts with oxygen.Example -Reaction of sulphur with oxygen:When sulphur is burnt in air, it forms sulphur dioxide.Solution of sulphur dioxide turns blue litmus paper red. Sulphur dioxide forms sulphurous acid when dissolved in water. Thus, sulphur dioxide is basic in nature.Reaction of carbon with oxygenWhen carbon is burnt in air, it forms carbon dioxide. You can observe that when coal (carbon) is burnt it forms smoke, which contains carbon dioxide.Carbon dioxide is basic in nature. The solution of carbon dioxide in water turns blue litmus paper red.

Chemical Properties of Non-metalsReaction of Non-metals with water: Non-metals generally do not react with water.Rather some non-metals which react with air vigorously are stored in water.Reaction of Non-metals with Dilute acid:Generally, non-metals do not react with dilute acid.

Use of MetalsIron is used in making machinery, buildings, car, motorcycle, ships, bridge, etc.

Copper is used in making electric wires, statue, etc.

Aluminium is used in making kitchen utensils, electric wire, etc.

Gold is used in making ornaments.

Silver is used in making ornaments.

Use of Non-metals

The number of non-metals is very less in comparison to metals but non-metals are more useful for us. So far only 22 non-metals are discovered.

We breathe oxygen which is a non-metal. Without oxygen no one can live.

Sodium chloride (common salt) cannot be formed without chlorine (a non-metal) which we use to enhance the taste of food. Without using common salt, food is tasteless.

Nitrogen is used in making fertilizers.

Coal, which carbon, is used as fuel.

REFERENCE

NCERT VIII science textbook class.www.google.comwww.youtube.comwww.wikipedia.comhttp://www.tutorvista.com/content/science/science-ii/metals-non-metals/physical-properties-metals-non-metals.php

properties of metals and non metals

Education