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Metals and Non-metals

Metals

MetalsAmetalis a material (anelement,compound, oralloy) that is typically hard, opaque, shiny, and has good electricalandthermal conductivity. Metals are generallymalleable that is, they can be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking as well asfusible(able to be fused or melted) andductile(able to be drawn out into athin wire). About 91 of the 118 elements in theperiodic tableare metals. Some elements appear in both metallic and non-metallic forms. E.g.- gold ,silver , iron , copper etc.

Non-Metals

Non-MetalsIn chemistry, anonmetal(ornon-metal) is achemical elementthat mostly lacksmetallic attributes. Physically, nonmetals tend to be highly volatile (easily vapourised ), have low elasticity, and are good insulators of heat and electricity; chemically, they tend to have high ionization energy andelectronegativity values, and gain or share electrons when they react with other elements or compounds. Seventeenelements are generally classified as nonmetals; most are gases (hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, neon, chlorine, argon, krypton, xenon and radon); one is a liquid (bromine), and a few are solids (carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, and iodine).

Physical Properties of Metals

LustrousMetals have luster. This means they are shinyE.g. gold, copper ,silver ,iron, etc.

DuctilityMetals are ductile that is they can be drawn into thin wires E.g. gold, copper,silver ,iron, etc.

DensityMetals have high densityE.g. iron ,copper ,gold ,etc.

Conductor of Heat and ElectricityMetals are good conductors of heat and electricity that is it allows heat and electricity to pass through it easilyE.g. gold, copper,silver ,iron, etc.

Sonorous Metals are sonorous it means it make sound when hit with an objectE.g. bells ,strings of guitar etc.

Hardness and SoftnessMetals are Generally hard in natureE.g. iron ,copper ,gold ,etc.

MalleabilityMetals are malleable that is they can be beaten into thin sheets with hammer E.g. iron ,copper, gold ,alluminium,etc.

Melting and Boiling PointMetals have high melting and boiling pointE.g. iron ,copper, gold ,aluminium,etc.

Physical Properties of Non -Metals

Malleability Non- Metals are not malleable but they are Brittle (BREAK EASILY)E.g. Sulphur, Phosphorus , etc.

Ductility Non- Metals are not ductile E.g. silicon , Boron,etc.

Sonorous Non- Metals are not sonorous that means it cannot produce when hit with a hammer E.g. bromine,fluorine, etc.

Density Non- Metals generally have low density E.g. hydrogen,carbon, etc.

Melting and Boling Point Non- Metals have low melting and boiling pointE.g. bromine,fluorine, etc.

Hardness and Softness Non- Metals are generally soft E.g. carbon ,Phosphorus, etc.

Conductor of Heat and Electricity Non- Metals are generally bad conductors of heat and electricity E.g. iodine ,neon, etc.

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Exceptional Cases

Electrical ConductivityCarbon (in the form of Graphite)Is a non metal which conducts electricity , just like metals

LustreIodine is a non- metal which is lustrous having a shining surface (just like metals)

Hardness and SoftnessAlkali metals (lithium, sodium and potassium)are soft (just like non-metals) Carbon (in the form of Diamond) is a non metal which is extremely hard (just like metals)

Physical StateMercury is a metal but it is liquid at room temperature

Melting and Boiling PointSodium, Potassium, Cesium and Gallium metals have low melting pointsDiamond is a non metal which has a very high melting and boiling point

DensityAlkali metals (lithium, sodium and potassium) have low densities (just like non-metals)

Delhi convent school

Newton GroupPresented By:Students of Class x

Group members:Hrithik Choudhary Shalini Pathak Khushi BhutaniDheeraj BholaTushar SethiKhushboo RajputYash Tripathi

Group leader: kunal guptaSpecial thanks to mrs. kiran arora

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