project design leonellha barreto dillon, seecon gmbh

Project Design

Project Design

Leonellha Barreto Dillon, seecon gmbh

Project Design

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Project Design


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From Community Action Plan to Projects

Once the Community Action Plan has been written, strategic objectives should be agreed, which will provide a framework for planning future actions.

Community Action Plan

Strategic Objectives

Objective 1

Objective 2

Objective 3

...

Objective N

Future Planning

Project 1

Project 2

Project 3

...

Project N

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So, the aim of the project should be:

For instances:

Strategic Objectives

•To eradicate open defecation in our town by 2015

• To increase the access to improved sanitation facilities to 90% by 2020.

•To safely reuse 50% of treated wastewater in agricultural fields by 2020.

Actions to be taken:

Awareness raising campaign...

Demand creation & information campaign

Construction of new toilet facilities...

Construction of a treatment plant...

achieving one or a defined number of strategic objectives and ultimately the overall water and sanitation vision.

Project 1

Project 2

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Definition of Project

SOURCE: METHOD123 (2003): Project Management Guidebook. URL: www.method123.com. [Accessed: 20.05.2010]

A project is a unique venture to

produce a set of outputs within clearly

specified time, cost and quality

constraints.

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Project Design

It consists of two elements:

Project design is a result of both project planning and the project proposal.

Both steps are essential to forming a solid project design.

• project planning (formulation of project elements; e.g with the help of a Logical Framework); and

• project proposal writing (converting the plan into a project document).

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Build a team for proposal development:

-Leader: coordinate all inputs and write core sections.

-Technical experts: brainstorming, give input in technical issues.

-Administrative staff: give accurate information related to budget.Review carefully the Community Action Plan

Hold a kick-off meeting and share your ideas

Tips to start successfully your project design:

Identify potential funding options

Getting Ready to Start a Project

Project Design


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Project Tree

Goal Goal

Objective 1Objective 1 Objective 2Objective 2

Result 1Result 1 Result 2Result 2 Result 3Result 3

Activity 1

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 3

Activity 4

Activity 4

ProblemProblemHierarchy of Goal, Objectives, Results and Activities

SOURCE: NEBIU, B. (2002): Developing Skills of NGOs, Project Proposal Writing. Szentendre: The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe.

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A problem is a negative undesired situation.

Defining the Problem

When formulating the problem, you should clearly specify:

1- Reasons

2- Results

3- Magnitude (number or percentage of impacted persons)

4- Place of the problem

5- The impact of the problem on other problems especially poverty

environment, women and unemployment.

Example:

•50% of the citizens of village (X) suffer from the garbage scattered everywhere in the streets.

•100% of the citizens of village (z) drink contaminated water.


Project Design


Using the Logical Using the Logical Framework ApproachFramework Approach

Project Design


What is a Logframe?

A logical framework (or logframe) is a management

tool that assists in project design by clearly stating the

key components, how the project is expected to work

and how success will be measured

Project Design


The Logframe Matrix

Project Project StructureStructure

Indicators of Indicators of performanceperformance

Means of Means of verificationverification

Risks and Risks and AssumptionsAssumptions

GoalGoal

PurposePurpose

OutputsOutputs

ActivitiesActivities

First step: Top-Down

Project Design


Goal – greater why

The long-term impact of the project

A Hierarchy of Objectives

Purpose – why

What we hope to achieve – the immediate impact of the project

Outputs – what

Specific results produced by activities. The TOR & deliverables

Activities – how

Units of work undertaken to produce outputs

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It is a long term goal (mostly at the national level) this particular project together with other projects contribute to its achievement

Goal of the Project

Example:

•improving the quality of life in the community Z

The goal is defined as “it contributes to …”

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Goal of the Project (cont.)

Tips for Setting a Project Goal

1.There should be only one goal per project.

2. The goal should be connected to the vision for development.

3. It is difficult or impossible to measure the accomplishment of the goal using measurable indicators, but it should be possible to prove its merit and contribution to the vision.


Project Design


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Purpose of the Project

Characteristics:

•Specific

•Measurable

•Applicable

•Realistic

•Timely

The objectives should address the core problem in terms of the

benefits to be received by the project beneficiaries or target

group as a direct result of the project. A project will likely

have multiple objectives.

SOURCE: NEBIU, B. (2002): Developing Skills of NGOs, Project Proposal Writing.

Szentendre: The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe.

Project Design


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Example:

•Increase the number of families from village Z in quantity X who live in a clean garbage-free environment within Y years.

•Improve the water supply in quantity X and quality Y for the population of village Z in the next N years.

Requirements of drafting the project objective:

•percentages or figures

•place specified

•target group specified

•time-specific

•positive desired state

Purpose of the Project (cont.)

Project Design


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Outputs of the Project

Results describe the services or products to be delivered to the

intended beneficiaries.

This is what the project team is promising to

deliver.

The results are more detailed than the objectives and the goal, and

should be possible to measure through the use of objective indicators.


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An indicator is the signal indicating the achievement of the set goal.

Example:

-Number of new water taps in the village

Example of outputs:

•Increase number of families living in a clean garbage-free environment.

•Increased number of households connected to the water supply system; and

•Increased number of water taps in the village.

Outputs of the Project (cont.)

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Activities of the Project

Activities:

…are linked to specific outputs

… are usually specific tasks that are allocated to individuals or groups

… be designed having regard to the skills and expertise of the agency and stakeholders

… should be listed in chronological order under each output in the logframe

The tasks to be undertaken to achieve the aspired results.

“Activities are defined using an action verb in a present tense, eg. Design, draw up, search, construct…”

Project Design


The Logframe Matrix





GoalGoal

PurposePurpose

OutputsOutputs


Second step: Work Across

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Indicators of performance

Indicators allow to measure the progress in terms of quantity, quality and time.

-Outcome indicators: related to the purpose and results.

Example: “Concentration of heavy metal compounds (Pb, Cd, Hg) and untreated sewerage; reduced by 25% (compared to levels in 2010) and meets established national health/pollution control standards by end of 2015”.

-Impact indicators: related to the overall goal, helps to monitor the achievement and the impact of the project.

Example: “Incidence of water borne diseases, skin infections and blood disorders caused by heavy metals, reduced by 50% by 2020”.

Project Design


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Define the means of verification

What are the sources of information/data to verify outcomes and accomplishments?

These may include:

Publications;

Surveys;

Project notes, minutes, reports and records;

Photographs, tapes, videos etc.

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Identify important assumptions/risks

Conditions which are important to the outcome of the project but may not be controlled by the project

May be external to the project

Important to the project success

Closely related to sustainability issues

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GoalGoal

PurposePurpose

OutputsOutputs


IfIf andand

thenthen

Third step: bottom - up

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A project proposal is a detailed description of a series of activities aimed at solving a certain problem.


The proposal should contain a detailed explanation of the:

• justification of the project;

• activities and implementation timeline;

• methodology; and

• human, material and financial resources required.

Definition of Project Proposal

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A concept note is a summary of a proposal containing a brief description of the idea of the project and the objectives to be pursued.

Concept notes are prepare for:

some financing programs, funding agencies require a concept note before the submission of a full proposal.

donors without a formal call for proposals.

Concept Note

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Writing a Concept Note: Template

1. Title: it should be snappy, informative, and distinctive.

2. Background: include your problem and its analysis, together with the following two guiding questions:

•Why it is crucial to address the problem identified?

•What has already been done to solve the problem?

3. Objectives

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4. Outputs: they should be directly related to the project objectives

5. Activities and duration: a summary of the planned activities to achieve the project objectives should be included here.

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Gantt chart or bar chart, which is commonly used for time planning

The Gantt Chart

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7. Project management (includes monitoring and evaluation): this section should explain how the objectives will be achieved and how the project will be managed and evaluated.

8. Budget

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References

32

EUROPEAN COMMISSION (2009): Guide to Financial Issues relating to FP7 Indirect Actions. Seventh Framework Programme. URL: ftp://ftp.cordis.europa.eu/pub/fp7/docs/financialguide_en.pdf[Accessed: 08.05.2010]

METHOD123 (2003): Project Management Guidebook. URL: www.method123.com. [Accessed: 20.05.2010]

NEBIU, B. (2002): Developing Skills of NGOs, Project Proposal Writing. Szentendre: The Regional Environmental Centre for Central and Eastern Europe. URL: http://documents.rec.org/publications/ProposalWriting.pdf[Accessed: 07.08.2010]

NETSSAF (2008): The NETSSAF Participatory Planning Approach. A Tutorial for Sustainable Sanitation. URL: http://www.netssaftutorial.com [Accessed: 14.05.2010]

PHILIP, R., ANTON, B., BONJEAN, M., BROMLEY, J., COX, D., SMITS, S., SULLIVAN, C. A., VAN NIEKERK, K., CHONGUIÇA, E., MONGGAE, F., NYAGWAMBO, L., PULE, R., BERRAONDO LÓPEZ, M. (2008): Local Government and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) Part III: Engaging in IWRM – Practical Steps and Tools for Local Governments. Freiburg: ICLEI European Secretariat GmbH.

PPIAF –PUBLIC-PRIVATE INFRASTRUCTURE ADVISORY FACILITY- (2010): What are Public-Private Partnerships. URL: http://www.ppiaf.org [Accessed on 14.05.2010]

SONI, P. (2005): Solution Exchange for WES-NET India. WES-NET India -Water & Environmental Sanitation Network-. URL: http://www.solutionexchange-un.net.in/environment/cr-public/cr-se-wes-29070501-public.pdf[Accessed on 16.05.2010]

TRÈMOLET, S., PEREZ, E. and KOSLKY, P. (2007): WSP Sanitation Financing Study. Methodological Note. URL: http://www.susana.org/images/documents/07-cap-dev/a-material-topic-wg/wg02/tremolet-et-al-2007a-methodological-note-sanitation-wsp-en.pdf[Accessed on 16.05.2010]

Project Design 33

“Linking up Sustainable Sanitation, Water Management & Agriculture”

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