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Profiling a mind map user: a descriptive appraisal

Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania


Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

Abstract

Whether created manually or through the use of software, a nonorganization framework known as mind mapping offers an alternative method for capturing thoughts, ideas and information to linused in education, government and business as a creative method that is useful in training, brainstorming, organizing and problem solving. This paper examines mind mapping techniques, advantages and disadvantages of handmind-mapping software applications are compared on a number of product dimensions. Survey results provide a descriptive profile of mind map users in education, government and business sectors.

Keywords: mind mapping, mind mapping software, mind map user profile

Journal of Instructional Pedagogies

Profiling a mind map user, Page


Joanne M. Tucker Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania

Gary R. Armstrong


Victor J. Massad Kutztown University of Pennsylvania

Whether created manually or through the use of software, a non-linear information

organization framework known as mind mapping offers an alternative method for capturing thoughts, ideas and information to linear thinking modes, such as outlining. Mind mapping is used in education, government and business as a creative method that is useful in training, brainstorming, organizing and problem solving. This paper examines mind mapping techniques,

sadvantages of hand-drawn maps and using mind mapping software. Several mapping software applications are compared on a number of product dimensions. Survey

results provide a descriptive profile of mind map users in education, government and business

Keywords: mind mapping, mind mapping software, mind map user profile

Instructional Pedagogies

Profiling a mind map user,


linear information organization framework known as mind mapping offers an alternative method for capturing

ear thinking modes, such as outlining. Mind mapping is used in education, government and business as a creative method that is useful in training, brainstorming, organizing and problem solving. This paper examines mind mapping techniques,

drawn maps and using mind mapping software. Several mapping software applications are compared on a number of product dimensions. Survey

results provide a descriptive profile of mind map users in education, government and business

Introduction to Mind Maps

The mind mapping technique, along with the term “mind map,” originated with popular psychology author Tony Buzan (1970), who developed the to learn more effectively. His work is partly based on the pioneering brain research of the 50’s as well as left/right brain work by Roger Wolcott Sperry (1968) which was later refined by Robert Ornstein (1977). The body of this research indicates that the human brain responds best to key words, images, colors, and direct association. Buzan refined these ideas into a simple set of rules that can be followed to create a maze of information known as a mind map. Based on thincreasing interest in this technique over recent years, many people have found mind maps to be an efficient way to take notes, plan a project or presentation, brainstorm, as well as other applications. Mind mapping usage and growth has been chronicled i(Blum, 2007; Van Hool, 2004; Wilcox, 2003), engineering (2007), and education (Abi-El-Mona, 2008; Adam and Mowers, 2007; Akinoglu and Yasar, 2007; Kirchner, 2009; Lamont, 2009; Näykki and Järvelä,

Mind mapping is a visual tool used to organize and relate themes or objectives. Buzan asserts that mind maps that incorporate pictures and different colors bring ideas to life. A good mind map shows the overall structure of the topic or problem andlines and pictures. Wycoff (1991) summarizes Buzan’s guidelines as: “A central focus or graphic representation of the problem is placed in the center of a page; ideas are allowed to flow freely without judgment; key words are used to represent ideas; one key word is printed per line; key words are connected to the central focus with lines; color is used to highlight and emphasize ideas; and images and symbols are used to highlight ideas and stimulate the mind to make connections.” Figure 1, Mind Map Guidelines portrays the guidelines (www.mindmappingtool.com). Figure 1: Mind Map Guidelines

The hand-drawn mind map in

mind mapping, through the use of nodes, branches, words, color, lines and pictures (http://www.12manage.com/%5Cmethods_mind_mapping.html



The mind mapping technique, along with the term “mind map,” originated with popular psychology author Tony Buzan (1970), who developed the technique as a way of helping people to learn more effectively. His work is partly based on the pioneering brain research of the 50’s as well as left/right brain work by Roger Wolcott Sperry (1968) which was later refined by Robert

y of this research indicates that the human brain responds best to key words, images, colors, and direct association. Buzan refined these ideas into a simple set of rules that can be followed to create a maze of information known as a mind map. Based on thincreasing interest in this technique over recent years, many people have found mind maps to be an efficient way to take notes, plan a project or presentation, brainstorm, as well as other applications. Mind mapping usage and growth has been chronicled in the fields of business

Wilcox, 2003), engineering (Zampetakis,Tsironis and MoustakisMona, 2008; Adam and Mowers, 2007; Akinoglu and Yasar, 2007;

Kirchner, 2009; Lamont, 2009; Näykki and Järvelä, 2008). Mind mapping is a visual tool used to organize and relate themes or objectives. Buzan

asserts that mind maps that incorporate pictures and different colors bring ideas to life. A good mind map shows the overall structure of the topic or problem and relates subtopics through color, lines and pictures. Wycoff (1991) summarizes Buzan’s guidelines as: “A central focus or graphic representation of the problem is placed in the center of a page; ideas are allowed to flow freely

are used to represent ideas; one key word is printed per line; key words are connected to the central focus with lines; color is used to highlight and emphasize ideas; and images and symbols are used to highlight ideas and stimulate the mind to make

tions.” Figure 1, Mind Map Guidelines portrays the guidelines

drawn mind map in Figure 2 illustrates the overall organization of the mind mapping, through the use of nodes, branches, words, color, lines and pictures http://www.12manage.com/%5Cmethods_mind_mapping.html).



The mind mapping technique, along with the term “mind map,” originated with popular technique as a way of helping people

to learn more effectively. His work is partly based on the pioneering brain research of the 50’s as well as left/right brain work by Roger Wolcott Sperry (1968) which was later refined by Robert

y of this research indicates that the human brain responds best to key words, images, colors, and direct association. Buzan refined these ideas into a simple set of rules that can be followed to create a maze of information known as a mind map. Based on the increasing interest in this technique over recent years, many people have found mind maps to be an efficient way to take notes, plan a project or presentation, brainstorm, as well as other

n the fields of business Zampetakis,Tsironis and Moustakis

Mona, 2008; Adam and Mowers, 2007; Akinoglu and Yasar, 2007;

Mind mapping is a visual tool used to organize and relate themes or objectives. Buzan asserts that mind maps that incorporate pictures and different colors bring ideas to life. A good

relates subtopics through color, lines and pictures. Wycoff (1991) summarizes Buzan’s guidelines as: “A central focus or graphic representation of the problem is placed in the center of a page; ideas are allowed to flow freely

are used to represent ideas; one key word is printed per line; key words are connected to the central focus with lines; color is used to highlight and emphasize ideas; and images and symbols are used to highlight ideas and stimulate the mind to make

igure 2 illustrates the overall organization of the topic, mind mapping, through the use of nodes, branches, words, color, lines and pictures

Figure 2: Hand-drawn Map

Unlike linear thinking techniques, mind mapping is a graphic technique that captures

ideas and information. Proponents of mind maps assert that mind maps enable people to see the various aspects of the topic or problem; and seeing all constituents simultaneously poaffects concepts learning (Mintzes 1999, McComas 1999). Lane (2009) describes a mind map as a technique that stimulates creativity while allowing for clear distinctions between each thought. Buzan (1996) asserts that memory is naturally associativremember visually stimulating, multithan traditional linear outlines. Outlines lack the flexibility, creativity and ability to show associations between concepts.

Mind mapping enthusiasts affirm that mind mapping is an extremely valuable technique to use in educational, business and government environments. The increasing popularity of mind mapping is evidenced by the number of blogs, books and articles thatUsing the Internet search engine Google and entering the search term “mind mapping”, yields over 112,000,000 web page hits. It is clear that many individuals have an interest in mind mapping.

Hand-drawn Maps and Mind Mapping Soft During the 1990’s, companies began developing software with the capability to create digital versions of mind maps. Use of mind mapping software does offer advantages and disadvantages over hand-drawn mind maps. Table 1 presents a taxonomy of advantages andisadvantages. One important factor affecting the significance of some of the advantages listed of mind mapping software over handmay be created for personal use such as taking notes or planning ais not needed and the map is for solitary use, then mind mapping software features such as



near thinking techniques, mind mapping is a graphic technique that captures ideas and information. Proponents of mind maps assert that mind maps enable people to see the various aspects of the topic or problem; and seeing all constituents simultaneously poaffects concepts learning (Mintzes 1999, McComas 1999). Lane (2009) describes a mind map as a technique that stimulates creativity while allowing for clear distinctions between each thought. Buzan (1996) asserts that memory is naturally associative, and therefore, it is easier for brain to remember visually stimulating, multi-dimensional information as presented through a mind map than traditional linear outlines. Outlines lack the flexibility, creativity and ability to show

Mind mapping enthusiasts affirm that mind mapping is an extremely valuable technique to use in educational, business and government environments. The increasing popularity of mind mapping is evidenced by the number of blogs, books and articles that focus on mind mapping. Using the Internet search engine Google and entering the search term “mind mapping”, yields

web page hits. It is clear that many individuals have an interest in mind

drawn Maps and Mind Mapping Software

During the 1990’s, companies began developing software with the capability to create digital versions of mind maps. Use of mind mapping software does offer advantages and

drawn mind maps. Table 1 presents a taxonomy of advantages andisadvantages. One important factor affecting the significance of some of the advantages listed of mind mapping software over hand-drawn maps is the specific purpose of the map. Mind maps may be created for personal use such as taking notes or planning a presentation. If collaboration is not needed and the map is for solitary use, then mind mapping software features such as



near thinking techniques, mind mapping is a graphic technique that captures ideas and information. Proponents of mind maps assert that mind maps enable people to see the various aspects of the topic or problem; and seeing all constituents simultaneously positively affects concepts learning (Mintzes 1999, McComas 1999). Lane (2009) describes a mind map as a technique that stimulates creativity while allowing for clear distinctions between each thought.

e, and therefore, it is easier for brain to dimensional information as presented through a mind map

than traditional linear outlines. Outlines lack the flexibility, creativity and ability to show

Mind mapping enthusiasts affirm that mind mapping is an extremely valuable technique to use in educational, business and government environments. The increasing popularity of mind

focus on mind mapping. Using the Internet search engine Google and entering the search term “mind mapping”, yields

web page hits. It is clear that many individuals have an interest in mind

During the 1990’s, companies began developing software with the capability to create digital versions of mind maps. Use of mind mapping software does offer advantages and

drawn mind maps. Table 1 presents a taxonomy of advantages and disadvantages. One important factor affecting the significance of some of the advantages listed

drawn maps is the specific purpose of the map. Mind maps presentation. If collaboration

is not needed and the map is for solitary use, then mind mapping software features such as

sharing and collaboration are not relevant to the user. Alternatively, mind maps by teams and updating a mind map becsoftware to allow real-time collaboration and editing of mind maps becomes an important asset. Table 1: Hand-drawn Maps versus Computer

Advantages

Hand-drawn Mind Maps

A. No Cost B. No restrictions on map design and layout C. May create map anytime with pencil and paperD. Each map is a unique creation of the user E. Collaboration possible if colleagues are together in same place

Mind Mapping Software

A. Ability to link to other information such as hyperlinks and notesB. Ability to modify and filter map easily C. Ability to integrate into other software D. Ability to create templates easilyE. Ability to allow realcollaboration F. No size limits

Mind Mapping Software Comparison

There are many mind mapping software packages that are classified by such attributes as free versus commercial or web-based versus desktop. Some of the more popular software packages include MindManager, MindGenius, FreeMind, Inspiration, MindMeister and MindView. They differ in terms of capabilities, cost and applications. Table 2 highlights some key differences as of January 2009.



sharing and collaboration are not relevant to the user. Alternatively, mind maps by teams and updating a mind map becomes desirable. Clearly in this situation, the ability of

time collaboration and editing of mind maps becomes an important asset.

drawn Maps versus Computer-drawn Maps

Disadvantages

B. No restrictions on map design and

C. May create map anytime with pencil and paper D. Each map is a unique creation of

E. Collaboration possible if colleagues are together in same place

A. Cannot be digitally stored other than as a scanned documentB. Map size is limited C. Preference of user for mind mapping software advantages

A. Ability to link to other information such as hyperlinks and notes B. Ability to modify and filter map

ntegrate into other

D. Ability to create templates easily E. Ability to allow real-time

F. No size limits

A. High cost of none freesoftware B. Requires computer accessC. Learning curve of using softwareD. Map design flexibility restricted by software options E. Preference of user to hand-draw map F. Map sharing restricted by format incompatibility

Mind Mapping Software Comparison

There are many mind mapping software packages that are classified by such attributes as based versus desktop. Some of the more popular software

packages include MindManager, MindGenius, FreeMind, Inspiration, MindMeister and indView. They differ in terms of capabilities, cost and applications. Table 2 highlights some

key differences as of January 2009.



sharing and collaboration are not relevant to the user. Alternatively, mind maps may be created omes desirable. Clearly in this situation, the ability of

time collaboration and editing of mind maps becomes an important asset.

A. Cannot be digitally stored other as a scanned document

C. Preference of user for mind mapping software advantages

A. High cost of none free- source

B. Requires computer access C. Learning curve of using software

flexibility restricted

E. Preference of user to

F. Map sharing restricted by format

There are many mind mapping software packages that are classified by such attributes as based versus desktop. Some of the more popular software

packages include MindManager, MindGenius, FreeMind, Inspiration, MindMeister and indView. They differ in terms of capabilities, cost and applications. Table 2 highlights some

Table 2: Differences in Software Packages

Software Cost

FreeMind9 Free

Inspiration8 $69

MindView3 $389

MindManager8 $399

MindMeister $72/yr. Bus $15/yr. Edu

MindGeniusV2 $221 Bus $86 Edu

MindManager is the current commercial market leader. It may be purchased alone or

part of Microsoft Office Professional Productivity Bundle which includes Office 2007 Pro, MindManager 2007 and Acrobat 8 Professional. One of Mindmanager’s strengths is its integration capabilities with Microsoft Office. Online collaboration is possibleMindManager in conjunction with software, MindJet Connect. With Connect, multiple team members can access and update the same map and see instantaneous progress through an online environment. Besides integration and online collaboration, MindManager functions in creating and editing mind maps. Advanced features include the capability to hyperlink to the Internet, graphics, spreadsheets, docs, interactive PDFs, document protection and security. Figure 3 shows a screen shot of a mind map cr(http://software.techrepublic.com.com/abstract.aspx?docid=213395

MindGenius has many features particularly for exporting to other programs. MindGenius is closely integrated to Microsoft Office so that map outlines and images of maps can be imported and exported easily. One of strengths of MindGenius is that it provides a good structured with the ability to re-arrange the map into a variety of layouts. Mindavailable in three versions, one for home, business and education.

FreeMind is the most popular of the Java, FreeMind provides the basic elements for map construction. FreeMind offers users a variety of options for linking other content to maps. In this opencreate links to web pages, local folders, executables, and any file. However, online collaboration is not available. Other public domainand Thoughtex.



Table 2: Differences in Software Packages

Operating System

Comments

Linux/Mac/ Windows

Most popular free software

Mac/Windows Integrated mind map with outline

Mac/Windows Integrates with Microsoft Office

Mac/Windows Commercial market leaderMindJet Connect allows collaboration

Web-based Good for collaboration Skype and Twitter integration

Windows Integrates with Microsoft Office

MindManager is the current commercial market leader. It may be purchased alone or ffice Professional Productivity Bundle which includes Office 2007 Pro,

MindManager 2007 and Acrobat 8 Professional. One of Mindmanager’s strengths is its integration capabilities with Microsoft Office. Online collaboration is possible with MindManager in conjunction with software, MindJet Connect. With Connect, multiple team members can access and update the same map and see instantaneous progress through an online environment. Besides integration and online collaboration, MindManager has advanced functions in creating and editing mind maps. Advanced features include the capability to hyperlink to the Internet, graphics, spreadsheets, docs, interactive PDFs, document protection and security. Figure 3 shows a screen shot of a mind map created by MindManager http://software.techrepublic.com.com/abstract.aspx?docid=213395.)

MindGenius has many features particularly for exporting to other programs. MindGenius closely integrated to Microsoft Office so that map outlines and images of maps can be

imported and exported easily. One of strengths of MindGenius is that it provides a good arrange the map into a variety of layouts. MindGenius is

available in three versions, one for home, business and education. FreeMind is the most popular of the public domain mind mapping software. Written in

Java, FreeMind provides the basic elements for map construction. FreeMind offers users a y of options for linking other content to maps. In this open-source program, users can

create links to web pages, local folders, executables, and any file. However, online collaboration public domain mind mapping software includes Vue, Cayra, MindRaider



Most popular free software

Integrated mind map with outline

Integrates with Microsoft Office

Commercial market leader MindJet Connect allows collaboration

Skype and Twitter integration

Integrates with Microsoft Office

MindManager is the current commercial market leader. It may be purchased alone or as ffice Professional Productivity Bundle which includes Office 2007 Pro,

MindManager 2007 and Acrobat 8 Professional. One of Mindmanager’s strengths is its with

MindManager in conjunction with software, MindJet Connect. With Connect, multiple team members can access and update the same map and see instantaneous progress through an online

has advanced functions in creating and editing mind maps. Advanced features include the capability to hyperlink to the Internet, graphics, spreadsheets, docs, interactive PDFs, document protection

eated by MindManager

MindGenius has many features particularly for exporting to other programs. MindGenius closely integrated to Microsoft Office so that map outlines and images of maps can be

imported and exported easily. One of strengths of MindGenius is that it provides a good Genius is

mind mapping software. Written in Java, FreeMind provides the basic elements for map construction. FreeMind offers users a

source program, users can create links to web pages, local folders, executables, and any file. However, online collaboration

ue, Cayra, MindRaider

Figure 3: Screenshot of MindManager

Inspiration is the most popular software designed primarily for education. It allows users to brainstorm, diagram, plan and organize in either the graphic organizer or traview. Users can work with either the organizer or outline view independently, and work done in one view transfers easily to the other. Inspiration supports hypertext linking, eand other files. Pictures may be added to maps fdictionary and thesaurus and the ability to import movies and sounds. Inspiration does not have online collaboration capabilities. MindMeister is the most popular webprovides all the basic features for creating and editing a map; however it does not have the advanced graphics effects of deskMindMeister, typically use this software offering real-time collaboration, MindMeister can import from and export to deskmapping software programs MindManager and FreeMind, as well as the ability to export to an RTF outline or a GIF image. The software allows maps to be only or full collaboration mode. It also integrates with the software, Skype, so collaborators may



hot of MindManager

Inspiration is the most popular software designed primarily for education. It allows users to brainstorm, diagram, plan and organize in either the graphic organizer or traditional outline view. Users can work with either the organizer or outline view independently, and work done in one view transfers easily to the other. Inspiration supports hypertext linking, e-mail messages and other files. Pictures may be added to maps from a large image bank. Inspiration also offers dictionary and thesaurus and the ability to import movies and sounds. Inspiration does not have online collaboration capabilities.

MindMeister is the most popular web-based mind mapping software. MindMeisteprovides all the basic features for creating and editing a map; however it does not have the advanced graphics effects of desk-top software such as MindManager. Subscribers to

use this software to collaborate in real-time with colleagues. Besides time collaboration, MindMeister can import from and export to desk

mapping software programs MindManager and FreeMind, as well as the ability to export to an RTF outline or a GIF image. The software allows maps to be shared with others in either readonly or full collaboration mode. It also integrates with the software, Skype, so collaborators may



Inspiration is the most popular software designed primarily for education. It allows users ditional outline

view. Users can work with either the organizer or outline view independently, and work done in mail messages

rom a large image bank. Inspiration also offers dictionary and thesaurus and the ability to import movies and sounds. Inspiration does not have

based mind mapping software. MindMeister provides all the basic features for creating and editing a map; however it does not have the

top software such as MindManager. Subscribers to eagues. Besides

time collaboration, MindMeister can import from and export to desk-top mind mapping software programs MindManager and FreeMind, as well as the ability to export to an

shared with others in either read-only or full collaboration mode. It also integrates with the software, Skype, so collaborators may

chat over the Internet while editing a map. MindMeister was recently chosen as the winner of the 2008 Red Herring Europe 100 Award, granted to the top 100 private technology companies based in the European, Middle Eastern and African regions. Other webinclude bubbl.us, Mindomo Basic and Thinkature. Figure 4 shows a screenshot of a mind map created by MindMeister (http://farm1.static.flickr.com/200/484673949_d9cc3b0bbb.jpg MindView has many export and import capabilities in addition to integrating easily with Microsoft Office. It offers a variety of structured layout options and views. MindView is available in two versions, business and education, with MindView software to view documents created by MindView. Figure 4: Screenshot of MindMeister

Mind Mapping Survey

Research on mind mapping is still at an early, exploratory stage. Most of the existing studies as referenced earlier in the manuscript map applications in business and The primary objective is to profile mind mapping users in the education, government and industry sectors to understand their differences and similaritiesdemographics, application areas and mind mapping usage ratessector rank the advantages and disadvantages of using hand drawn and software maps.

A sample (8,440) of alumni from an eastern university received survey invitations. An email message sent to the each individual in the sample included a link to an online survey. A total of 1,477 completed responses were received which represents a response rate of 17.5 percent. Table 3 shows the demographics of those from the education and “other” sector include three times as many females as males; whereas in business and government sectors the distribution of male and female responses are approximately the same.



chat over the Internet while editing a map. MindMeister was recently chosen as the winner of the 0 Award, granted to the top 100 private technology companies

based in the European, Middle Eastern and African regions. Other web-based software choices include bubbl.us, Mindomo Basic and Thinkature. Figure 4 shows a screenshot of a mind map

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/200/484673949_d9cc3b0bbb.jpgMindView has many export and import capabilities in addition to integrating easily with

offers a variety of structured layout options and views. MindView is available in two versions, business and education, with a free viewer enabling colleagues without MindView software to view documents created by MindView.

MindMeister

Research on mind mapping is still at an early, exploratory stage. Most of the existing earlier in the manuscript deployed a case study methodology to study mind

in business and education. Our research survey is also exploratory to profile mind mapping users in the education, government and

industry sectors to understand their differences and similarities. Survey questions measure application areas and mind mapping usage rates and how respondents in each

rank the advantages and disadvantages of using hand drawn and software maps. A sample (8,440) of alumni from an eastern university received survey invitations. An

age sent to the each individual in the sample included a link to an online survey. A total of 1,477 completed responses were received which represents a response rate of 17.5

demographics of those responding to survey questions. from the education and “other” sector include three times as many females as males; whereas in business and government sectors the distribution of male and female responses are



chat over the Internet while editing a map. MindMeister was recently chosen as the winner of the 0 Award, granted to the top 100 private technology companies

based software choices include bubbl.us, Mindomo Basic and Thinkature. Figure 4 shows a screenshot of a mind map

http://farm1.static.flickr.com/200/484673949_d9cc3b0bbb.jpg) MindView has many export and import capabilities in addition to integrating easily with

offers a variety of structured layout options and views. MindView is free viewer enabling colleagues without

Research on mind mapping is still at an early, exploratory stage. Most of the existing deployed a case study methodology to study mind

is also exploratory in nature. to profile mind mapping users in the education, government and

Survey questions measure and how respondents in each

rank the advantages and disadvantages of using hand drawn and software maps. A sample (8,440) of alumni from an eastern university received survey invitations. An

age sent to the each individual in the sample included a link to an online survey. A total of 1,477 completed responses were received which represents a response rate of 17.5

to survey questions. Responses from the education and “other” sector include three times as many females as males; whereas in business and government sectors the distribution of male and female responses are

Table 3: Demographic Characteristics of Sur

Business Education

Female 357 330

Male 394 108

Total 751 438

Of those responding to the survey, and/or mind mapping software. Figuremapping techniques given respondent’s respondents in business use either handpercent of respondents in education use either handeducation and “other” sector include many more female respondents, whereas females and males are fairly equally represented in the business and government sectors. This characteristic influences the usage rate for femalesgender of those using mind maps within a given sector. percent responded they do not use mind maps. Why not? The most cited rethe technique.” Figure 5: Mind Map Usage Rate Given Sector

0.41

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Business

Given Sector/Mind Map Usage Rate



: Demographic Characteristics of Survey Respondent

Education Govt Other

330 97 70

108 95 26

438 192 96

responding to the survey, 35 percent use mind maps, either handand/or mind mapping software. Figures 5 through 7 focuses on usage rates for those using mind

given respondent’s gender and sector. Figure 5 shows 41 percent of respondents in business use either hand-drawn maps or mind mapping software; whereas 43

education use either hand-drawn maps or mind mapping software. education and “other” sector include many more female respondents, whereas females and males are fairly equally represented in the business and government sectors. This characteristic

uences the usage rate for females as shown in Figure 6. Figure 7 provides statistics on the gender of those using mind maps within a given sector. Of those responding to the surveypercent responded they do not use mind maps. Why not? The most cited reason is “not aware of

: Mind Map Usage Rate Given Sector

0.43

0.1

Education Govt

Sector

Given Sector/Mind Map Usage Rate



Total

854

623

1477

percent use mind maps, either hand-drawn maps usage rates for those using mind

shows 41 percent of drawn maps or mind mapping software; whereas 43

drawn maps or mind mapping software. The education and “other” sector include many more female respondents, whereas females and males are fairly equally represented in the business and government sectors. This characteristic

provides statistics on the responding to the survey, 65

ason is “not aware of

0.06

Other

Figure 6: Mind Map Usage Rate Given Gender

Figure 7: Gender Mind Map Usage Rate Given Sector Mind Map User

Of those individuals using mind maps, Table sector. “Brainstorming” ranked as improvement” only appears in the business sector appears in the educational sector and “problem solving” appear in all three sectors.

0.364

0.32

0.325

0.33

0.335

0.34

0.345

0.35

0.355

0.36

0.365

0.37

Female

Given Gender/Mind Map Usage Rate

0.00

0.10

0.20

0.30

0.40

0.50

0.60

0.70

0.80

0.90

Bus

Percentage of Female/Male Users within



: Mind Map Usage Rate Given Gender

: Gender Mind Map Usage Rate Given Sector Mind Map User

Of those individuals using mind maps, Table 4 lists primary application areas for each as number 1 application area in all three sectors.

only appears in the business sector rankings, whereas “conducting researchctor rankings. Other application areas such as “project management

appear in all three sectors.

0.364

.337

Female Male

Given Gender/Mind Map Usage Rate

Edu Govt Other

Percentage of Female/Male Users within Sector



areas for each in all three sectors. “Process

conducting research” only project management”

Female

Male

Table 4: Mind Map Application Rankings

Sector Rank 1

Business Brainstorming

Education Brainstorming

Govt Brainstorming

Of respondents that use mind maps, wdrawn maps and mind mapping software? A significant percentage of those using mind maps indicate they use only hand-drawn maps. Figure advantages and disadvantages of handAcross all sectors, there is agreement regarding rankings of advantages and disadvantageshand-drawn maps. The chief advantage of handanytime, whereas the disadvantage is the map cannot be digitally stored. With respect to mind mapping software advantages and disadvantages, hgovernment and business sectors differ from those in the education sectorThe most popular mind mapping software within the education sector is Inspiration. MindManager is the favorite within the business sector, whereas within the government sector our survey respondents did not show a clear preference.



: Mind Map Application Rankings

Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4

Process improvement

Problem solving / Decision making

Project planning

Problem solving / Decision making

Preparing presentations

Conducting research

Project planning Problem solving / Decision making


that use mind maps, what preference do they have with regard to handdrawn maps and mind mapping software? A significant percentage of those using mind maps

drawn maps. Figure 8 lists the percentages and rankings for and disadvantages of hand-drawn maps and mind mapping software for each sector.

Across all sectors, there is agreement regarding rankings of advantages and disadvantages. The chief advantage of hand-drawn maps is the ability to create

anytime, whereas the disadvantage is the map cannot be digitally stored. With respect to mind mapping software advantages and disadvantages, h

government and business sectors differ from those in the education sector as shown in Figure most popular mind mapping software within the education sector is Inspiration.

MindManager is the favorite within the business sector, whereas within the government sector did not show a clear preference.



Project planning

Conducting research


with regard to hand-drawn maps and mind mapping software? A significant percentage of those using mind maps

and rankings for drawn maps and mind mapping software for each sector.

Across all sectors, there is agreement regarding rankings of advantages and disadvantages for create a map

owever, as shown in Figure 8.

most popular mind mapping software within the education sector is Inspiration. MindManager is the favorite within the business sector, whereas within the government sector

Figure 8: Hand-drawn and SoftwareAdvantages and Disadvantages

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Software Mind Maps – Sector Usage Rates and Ranking of

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Usage Rates and Ranking of

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Conclusion

A profile of a mind map usermaps, but a significant number employ mind mapping software (such as Inspiration). Users appreciate the ease in which a handalso see the drawback given today’s technology of not having an electronic copy available. An advantage of mind mapping software is the ability to modify maps easily, but the cost is a deterring factor. Users in the education environment inditheir ideas. They use mind maps for brainstorming, problem solving, preparing presentations and conducting research.

Most mind map users from the business environment more like-minded than those from the education sector. They significant number of users employ software (such as MindManager). Business and government users share the same attitudes with users in education regarding the advantages and disadvantages of using hand-drawn maps. However, those in business and government differ in what they perceive as advantages and disadvantages of mind mapping software. Business users typically utilize mind maps for brainstorming and process improvement. Governmentypically use mind maps for brainstorming and project planning.

Mind mapping techniques are 35 percent. Many are not aware that mind mapping with using mind mapping software. However, mind mapping software takes mind mapping beyond the realms of pen and paper. This is primarily because deskmuch larger and a lot more complex, and they allow users to build relationships, clinks to other data sources and foster collaboration. As more and more individuals use mind maps, then software with these capabilities will become more popular. Mind mapping appears to show a great deal of promise as a technique that can a variety of applications making it suitable for education, business, government or personal settings, but it is far from a general purpose tool such as a word processor or spreadsheet application. As more new and innovative mindintroduced into the marketplace, the use of mindideas is likely to increase. Whether mindPowerPoint presentations and othermapping popularity is on the increase, and it is certainly worthy of more attention in the research literature. References

Abi-El-Mona, Issam and Adb-El on eighth graders' science achievement. Vol Adam, Anna and Mowers, Helen (2007). Getting Inside Their Heads.

Journal, Vol. 7(9), 24-25.Akinoglu, Orhan and Yasar, Zeynep (2007). The Effects of Note Taking in Science

Education Through the Mind Mapping Technique on Students’ Attitudes, Achievement and Concept Learning. Journal of Baltic Science Education

Blum, Jonathan (2007). The Mysterious Mind Map. http://www.thestreet.com/story/10394689/3/the



A profile of a mind map user from the education sector is one that constructs handmaps, but a significant number employ mind mapping software (such as Inspiration). Users appreciate the ease in which a hand-drawn map may be created at any time or place, but they also see the drawback given today’s technology of not having an electronic copy available. An advantage of mind mapping software is the ability to modify maps easily, but the cost is a deterring factor. Users in the education environment indicate that mind maps help them organize their ideas. They use mind maps for brainstorming, problem solving, preparing presentations and

Most mind map users from the business environment and government environment are an those from the education sector. They construct hand-drawn maps but a

significant number of users employ software (such as MindManager). Business and government users share the same attitudes with users in education regarding the advantages and

drawn maps. However, those in business and government differ in what they perceive as advantages and disadvantages of mind mapping software. Business users typically utilize mind maps for brainstorming and process improvement. Governmentypically use mind maps for brainstorming and project planning.

techniques are not for everyone as evidenced by the overall usage rate of . Many are not aware that mind mapping techniques exist. There is a learning curve

software. However, mind mapping software takes mind mapping beyond the realms of pen and paper. This is primarily because desk-top generated maps can be much larger and a lot more complex, and they allow users to build relationships, clinks to other data sources and foster collaboration. As more and more individuals use mind maps, then software with these capabilities will become more popular.

Mind mapping appears to show a great deal of promise as a technique that can a variety of applications making it suitable for education, business, government or personal

, but it is far from a general purpose tool such as a word processor or spreadsheet new and innovative mind-mapping software applications continue to be

introduced into the marketplace, the use of mind-mapping for structuring concepts and sharing ideas is likely to increase. Whether mind-mapping becomes as prevalent as outlining, flash cards, PowerPoint presentations and other traditional forms remains to be seen. At this point, mindmapping popularity is on the increase, and it is certainly worthy of more attention in the research

El-Khalick, Fouad (2008). The influence of mind mapping

on eighth graders' science achievement. Vol 108(2), 298-313. Adam, Anna and Mowers, Helen (2007). Getting Inside Their Heads. School Library

25. inoglu, Orhan and Yasar, Zeynep (2007). The Effects of Note Taking in Science

Education Through the Mind Mapping Technique on Students’ Attitudes, Achievement Journal of Baltic Science Education, Vol. 6(3), 34

Blum, Jonathan (2007). The Mysterious Mind Map. http://www.thestreet.com/story/10394689/3/the-mysterious-mind-map.html



constructs hand-drawn maps, but a significant number employ mind mapping software (such as Inspiration). Users

ace, but they also see the drawback given today’s technology of not having an electronic copy available. An advantage of mind mapping software is the ability to modify maps easily, but the cost is a

cate that mind maps help them organize their ideas. They use mind maps for brainstorming, problem solving, preparing presentations and

and government environment are drawn maps but a

significant number of users employ software (such as MindManager). Business and government users share the same attitudes with users in education regarding the advantages and

drawn maps. However, those in business and government differ in what they perceive as advantages and disadvantages of mind mapping software. Business users typically utilize mind maps for brainstorming and process improvement. Government users

as evidenced by the overall usage rate of There is a learning curve

software. However, mind mapping software takes mind mapping top generated maps can be

much larger and a lot more complex, and they allow users to build relationships, create dynamic links to other data sources and foster collaboration. As more and more individuals use mind

Mind mapping appears to show a great deal of promise as a technique that can be used in a variety of applications making it suitable for education, business, government or personal

, but it is far from a general purpose tool such as a word processor or spreadsheet e applications continue to be

mapping for structuring concepts and sharing mapping becomes as prevalent as outlining, flash cards,

traditional forms remains to be seen. At this point, mind-mapping popularity is on the increase, and it is certainly worthy of more attention in the research

Khalick, Fouad (2008). The influence of mind mapping

School Library

inoglu, Orhan and Yasar, Zeynep (2007). The Effects of Note Taking in Science Education Through the Mind Mapping Technique on Students’ Attitudes, Achievement

, Vol. 6(3), 34-42.

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Mintzes, J. J., Wandersee, J. H. & Novak, J. D. (1999). Understanding – A Human Co

Näykki, Piia and Järvelä, Sanna (2008). How Pictorial Knowledge Representations Mediate Collaborative Knowledge Construction In Groups. Technology in Education. Vol. 40(3), 359

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Sperry, Roger W (1968). Hemispheric Deconnection and Unity in Conscious Awareness. Scientific American

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Creativity The Journal of

Engineering Management

Mindmapping: Your personal guide to exploring creativity and

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