Turbinator ElectricCHP Team of Ammonia Based Fertilizer

ProductionProfessor: Jeffery Perl

Mentor: Dennis O’BrienTeam Members: Jinrong Chen, Kei Simmel,

Hantao Wang, Marzena ZaryckiScribe: Kei Simmel

What? Why? When? How?

What?

Combined heat and power (CHP), also known as cogeneration, is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat from a single fuel source, such as: natural gas, biomass, biogas, coal, waste heat, or oil. (EPA)

CHP provides:Onsite

generation of electrical and/or mechanical power.

Waste-heat recovery for heating, cooling, dehumidification, or process applications.

Industrial manufacturers - chemical, refining, ethanol, pulp and paper, food processing, glass manufacturingInstitutions - colleges and universities, hospitals, prisons, military basesCommercial buildings - hotels and casinos, airports, high-tech campuses, large office buildings, nursing homesMunicipal - district energy systems, wastewater treatment facilities, K-12 schoolsResidential - multi-family housing, planned communities

Why?

When?(After the energy demand is finalized from other

teams)

Our Goal“To optimize energy production and

consumption of the whole plant .“ - Prof. Perl

How? -> Block Flow Diagram

PowerBlock

BoilerFeedPrep

Cooling Water

Natural Gas

Grid

Plants

Reject (Blow Down)

Makeup Water(Frac Water)

Plants

Reject(Blow Down)

Reclaimed Water

Plants

Combined Heat and Power

Natural Gas

CoalSteam

PrimeMover

Heat Exchanger

Thermal System

Generator

- Reciprocating Engines ( Hot Water/ Low Pressure Steam) - Industrial Gas Turbines (High Pressure Steam) - Steam Turbines (Large Pressure Drop Requirements) - Micro-turbines (Relatively Small Capacity Required)

CHP Prime Movers

Power block - Gas Turbine options

Gas Turbines

Conventional Turbines Microturbines20-300kW

AeroderivativePower output : 16-120 MW

Efficiency: ~54%Emission: 15-25NOxpp/ 25ppmCO

Industrial

Heavy dutyPower output : 11-340 MW

Efficiency: ~55%Emission: 4-15NOxpp/ 25ppmCO

Small dutyPower output : 5-50 MW

Efficiency: ~35%

Power block- Steam Turbine options

Steam Turbines

BackpressureTurbine

Condensing Turbine

 Steam Turbine

  Backpressure/ Condensing

Power Output 6- 250 MW

Power generation efficiency, % Backpressure 15-35/ Condensing 30-40

Inlet Steam Temperature 500-580°C

Inlet Steam Pressure 10-165 bar(145- 2395psi)

Exhaust Pressure 

Backpressure 10-16 bar( 145psi-232psi)

Condensing 0.25 -1.0 bar(3.6 -14.5psi)

Power Block

NATURALGAS

Cooling Water SystemFunction: Convert Supply Water to Industrial Cooling

Water

Types of Cooling Water Systems:Once-ThroughOpen RecirculationClosed Recirculation

Design Considerations:Deposition of SolidsCorrosion of EquipmentMicrobial Growth

Hydraulic Fracturing Fluid (Frac Water)

Composition: 80-99% water

Additives that need to be removed:Proppant (sand, silica)Gel

Relevant Separation Processes:ClarificationPrecipitation Softening

Treatment ProcessesClarification

Coagulation – precipitationFlocculation – clumping of impuritiesSedimentation – settlingFiltration

Precipitation Softening – for Silica ReductionAddition of Lime – precipitationSedimentation – settlingFiltration

Boiler Feed PretreatmentWhat is boiler feed pretreatment?

A series of separation processes to provide pure water for boilers

Why do we need boiler feed pretreatment?Maximizes lifetimeMaximizes performanceReduces costs

Boiler Feed PretreatmentDesign Basis

Production scale – Required amount of water for boilersFeedstock – Reclaimed water Blow down – Hazards for environment

Main Pretreatment Processes ClarificationFiltrationReverse Osmosis (RO)Ion Exchange

Available SuppliersGE; Nalco; Siemens; Veolia

Report Outline Executive Summary Discussion Recommendations Appendices

Design Basis Block Flow Diagram Process Flow Diagram showing major equipment Material and Energy Balance Calculation Annotated Equipment List Economic Evaluation Factored from Equipment Costs Utilities Conceptual Control Scheme General Arrangement Distribution and End-use Issue Review Constraints Review Applicable Standards Project Communications File Info Sources and References

Q & A

Welcome to ask questions