Aims of Education

TypesOf Education

ContentOf Studied

AgenciesOf Education

OrganizationOf Grade Level

Methods of Instruction

Financing OutstandingContribution

PrimitiveEducation

Security and SurvivalConformityPreservation and transmission of traditions

VocationalReligious

Ways of procuring of basic necessities in life and protecting life from dangers, superstitions

HomeEnvironment

None All instruction were done informally, observation and imitation, simple telling and demonstration, participation

None Started the rudiments of educational system which evolved from the modern one.

SumerianEducation

Training of scribes, bookkeepers,of teachers and learners to be good

Writing,Mathematical,Language,Vocational,Professional, Art Education

Reading,Writing, little arithmetic,Astronomy,Astrology,Medicine, surgery,Architecture,Agriculture,Hydraulics,Jewelry designing, literary art, vocational training, law

HomeSchoolTemple schoolApprentice school

Higher education for professions for those who could afford it.

Imitation and Copying and Preparation of Tablets

Students paid tuition fees

Writing of cuneiform writing

EgyptianEducation

Training of scribes, Religious, Utilitarian, Preservation of Cultural Patterns

Religious, Vocational, Military, Public Administration, Priesthood, Home Arts, Writing, Reading and Language

Reading, writing, language, religious and secular literature, artistry, mathematics, astronomy,

HomeTemple schools

Military schoolsCourt schoolsVocational Schools

At age 5 boys attended the reading and writing schools.At age 17 boys entered the schools that offered their

ApprenticeshipDictation, Memorization, Copying, Imitation, Repetition, Observation and Participation

Students paid a certain amount of fees

The use of geometrical measurements and surveying

Education engineering, architecture,physics, medicine, embalming, dentistry, law, music dancing, playing instruments, sports and military training

vocations

HinduEducation

IntellectualReligiousCultural

Religious,Intellectual,Vocational, Domestic, Military education

Literature for Brahmans, astronomy, history, grammar, law, medicine and mathematicsDancing, Sports, Linguistics, Philosophy, Theology and Military training

HomeOutdoorsMonasteries

Child was taught at home till the age of 5.At 5 child attended higher education.Women were only given domestic education

Imitation,Memorization

The amount of gifts depended upon the socio-economic status of the child’s family.

The use of decimal system of arithmetical notation

ChineseEducation

IdeologicalEthical learning,Cultural Dev’t,Civil Service

Ideological and Moral, Language, Vocational and Domestic, Civic, Military Education

The Classics and The Four Books, Taoism

HomePrivate SchoolsHouse of teachers or Rich students

Elementary ( age of seven)Higher Education

Confucian MethodDirect and Exact imitationMemorization

Students paid tuition fees

The administration of civil service examinations

HebrewEducation

MoralPreparation for destinyHolinessObservance of religion

Religious and Civic, Democratic, Domestic, Vocational, Human relations, Physical Education

History of Hebrews, The Jewish Law/Mosaic Law, Psalms and Proverbs, Explanations of festivities, Music, Reading

HomePublic SchoolsTempleInstitutions for lay prophetsSchools for scribes

Ages 6-10- chief text was PentatuechAges 10-15- chief text was the MishnaOver15- chief text was Gemara

CompulsoryOralMemorizationAudio-visual aidsExpositionTemple worship

There were expenses and teachers were not paid regularly but they were allowed to receive gifts from the

MonotheismThe 10 commandmentsThe Bible

and Writing, Foreign Language

Higher education

learners.

SpartanEducation

MilitaryDiscipline

Physical, Military, Moral, Little intellectual learning, Music, Gymnastic, Vocational Education

Gymnastics, Moral and Social habits, Reading and Writing, Music, Speech and Paramilitary exercises

State - at birth children were disposed thosw who are weak.-early age children taught habits of silence, obedience, respect, etc.-7-18 boys lived in barracks-like educational building-18-20 boys took professional war training -20-30 men took an oath of allegiance-30 the man was a full-fledged citizen.-girls stayed at home

TrainingParticipationTestingDisciplineMotivation

All financing was shouldered by the State

The military education and the development of patriotism and discipline.

Early Athenian Education

Good citizenship, Individual excellence, Many sided development

Civic, Moral, Physical, Intellectual, ArtEducation

Reading(alphabet method)Writing (wax and tablets)ArithmeticHomericMusicGymnastic

Private schoolsHomeState

-birth to 7 years children were taught at home.-7-16 boys went to two schools: Didascaleum

ImitationParticipationDisciplineHuman relations

Students paid tuition fees

The free development of human capacities and the Olympic games.

Physical exercisesMilitary training

and Palaestra -16-18 continued to attend the Palaestra-at 18 boys took Ephebic Oath

Later Athenian Education

-by the sopphist-by Socrtes-by by Plato-by Aristotle

Moral, Professional, Intellectual, Vocational, Domestic, Physical/Military, Civic, Science and Philosophy, Aesthetic and Sports training

Reading, writing, arithmetic, poetry, gymnastics, physical and military training, grammar, rhetoric, declamation, argumentation, public speaking, geometry, astronomy, drawing, philosophy, mathematics, science

PalaestraDidascaluemGymnasiumSchools of higher learning: rhetorical and philosophy school

Home educationPrimary educationSecondary educationHigher schools

Lecture and MemorizationQuestion and AnswerDeveloping natural talentsAchieving happiness

Students paid fees

Socratic methodRealm of philosophyField of mathematics (Euclidean geometry)Art and Classical literature

Early Roman Education

UtilitarianMoralMilitaryCivic and PoliticsReligious

Physical and Military trainingCivic trainingMoral trainingReligious trainingVocational training

Ballads and songs, laws of twelve tables, religious ceremonies and usages, physical and military exercises, domestic chores, vocations

HomeShop and FarmMilitary CampForumPrivate Schools

-young children stayed at home.-later the boys went with their father to the shops/farms.-the boys also went to the forum to learn public affairs.-at 16 the boy became a

Direct imitationMemorizationDiscipline

-when the boy went to his father’s farm/shop, forum or in the military camp he didn’t pay any fees.-when he entered private schools he must pay fees.

None

citizen then entered military camp.

Later Roman Education

OratoricalCivic

Speech trainingCivic trainingLiteracy trainingVocational education

Reading, writing,calculation, grammar, literature, prose, poetry, language, rhetorics, Roman law and principles, applied science.

School of litteratorSchool opf GrammaticusSchool of rhetorAthaneum

-7-10 boys and girls entered the litterator.-10-16 boys entered the Grammaticus-16 or older boys entered rhetor.-those who hurdled school of rhetor went to the Athaneum.

MemorizationDrill and Writing exercisesPublic speaking practices

Students paid amount of fees

The methods of organization, management and administration.

Early Christian Education

Relationship between God and man, Salvation, Social relations based on love

ReligiousEthicalUniversal and democratic education

The word of God, the sermon on beatitudes

Informal teaching

No gradations but Jesus encouraged education to children

LectureDialecticAphorismParable methodFigures of speechTeaching with authorityMiraclesConcrete examples MotivationModelling

Jesus never paid for His teachings

Christianity

Early Christian Church

MoralSalvation

Moral trainingSpiritual trainingMusic education

Moral and spiritual values, baptism, church doctrines, music connection with church worship

HomeChurchCatechumenal schoolCathetical schoolCathedral school

-children were trained at home.-they attend catechumenal school.-those preparing for

Cathetical methodMemorizationExpositionAnd exhortation

Students availed free education but voluntarily contributions were solicited.

The conversion.

leadership attend cathetical school.-the highest step is the cathedral school for church leaderships.

Monasticism Education

SpiritualMoralSpiritual knowledge

Moral and religious trainingLiterary educationManual training

Seven Liberal Arts: Trivium and QuadriviumThe Greek and Roman classical literature and culture

Monastic schools

-at age 10 boys were admitted to the monastic schools.-at 18 admitted to monastic orders.

Cathetical methodsDictationMemorizationLanguageDisciplineMediation and contemplation

Pupils paid some fees and the State shouldered some expenses.

Opposing the vices and corruption, the industrial skills and a concept of manual labor.

Scholasticism Education

Reasoned faithIntellectual discipline

Religious educationIntellectual education

TheologyReligious philosophy

Parish schoolsMonastic schoolsPalace schoolsUniversity

-at 14 student entered university.-student continued to study from 4-7 years.-after receiving his license he was allowed to teach.

LectureRepetitionDisputationExaminationScholastic method

Students paid fees for service

The organization of university and the emphasis on intellectual taring.

ChivalryEducation

MoralityResponsibilityHorsemanshipGallantryReligiosity

Reading, writing, little literary training, social training, military training, religious and moral training,

Reading, writing, literature, religion, music, dancing, good manners, right conduct, social

HomeCourtCastle, tournament fields, fields of battle, troubadours,

For boys:-birth to 7 yrs. old, boys stayed at home and taught by his mother.

ObservationImitationPracticeApprenticeshipMotivationDiscipline

Pupils didn’t pay nay fees because he served his master like a valet.

The use of vernacular as a tool in teaching.Learning the social graces, rules of

Social Graces physical training graces, etiquette, horse riding warfare, hunting, tournaments, physical exercises and the 7 Free Arts.For the girls, household duties

minnesingers, minstrels

-7 to 14 yrs. oldThe young noble acted as a page of his overlord.-14-21 yrs. old became a squire attending the lord to himself or to akinght.At age 21 he becomes a knight.

etiquette, good manners and right conduct.

ChivalryEducation

Preparation for commercial and industrial lifeVocational Preparation

Vocational educationReading, Writing, Arithmetic education, Religious education

Reading, Writing, Arithmetic, Craft and commercial business, religious tenets and ceremonies

Burgher schoolChantry schoolGuild school

ApprenticeshipJourneymanMaster craftsman

ObservationImitationPracticeDictationMemorizationCathetical methodDiscipline

The burgher school were controlled and supported by the cities.

The chantry school were controlled and supported by the wealthy merchants.

Apprenticeship was free.

The vocational training.

Putting the vocational training in the curricula.