primary dysmenorrhea kanadi sumapraja division of reproductive immuno-endocrinology department of...
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PRIMARYDYSMENORRHEA
Kanadi Sumapraja
Division of Reproductive Immuno-endocrinology Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia
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Painful menses in women with normal pelvic anatomy
DEFINITION
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ETIOLOGY
PGF2
PGE2
Smooth muscle contraction
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ETIOLOGY
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ETIOLOGY
Phospholipid from the death cells
Arachidonic acid
PGG2 PGH2
Prostaglandin Prostacyclin Thromboxane
Phospholipase A2 IsomeraseCOX
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RISK FACTORS
Age < 20 years
Attempts to lose weight
Depression / anxiety
Disruption of social networks
Heavy menses
Nulliparity
Smoking
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CLINICAL PRESENTATION
Usually presents during adolescence, within three years of menarche
Unusual for symptoms to start within the first six months after menarche
Pain usually develops within hours of the start of menstruation and peaks as the flow becomes heaviest during the first day or two of the cycle
Symptoms of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, headache or lightheadedness
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SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA
Dysmenorrhea occurring during the first one or trwo cycles after menarche
Dysmenorrhea beginning after 25 years of age
Late onset dysmenorrhea
Pelvic abnormality
Little or no response to therapy with NSAIDs, OC or both
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TREATMENT
A = consistent, good-quality, patient-oriented evidence; B = inconsistent or limited quality patient-oriented evidence; C = consensus, disease-oriented evidence, usual practice, opinion, or case series.
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ROS INDUCES PGF2
Endometrial stroma
Decidualized endometrial stroma cell
Sugino et al, 2001
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NSAID can reduce PGF2
Sugino et al, 2001
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SOD regulated by steroid
Sugino et al, 2002
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ROS and SOD
During normal cellular respiration, oxygen is reduced to water and highly reactive superoxide ( )
O2
O2 + 4H+ + 4 e- 2 H2O ( about 95% of the time)
(about 5% of the time)2 O2
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ROS and SOD
These reactive oxygen species (superoxide) react with nucleic acids, sugars, proteins and lipids - eventually leading to protein degradation.
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ROS and SOD balance
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Antioxidant
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Quenched Free Radical
Vitamin E
Protein
Phospholipid
Free Radical
PolyunsaturatedFatty Acid Cholesterol
Antioxidant role of vitamin E
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