presentation swm, jalandhar (india)

S O L I D WA S T E M A N A G E M E N T I N J A L A N D H A R C I T Y A N D I T S

I M P A C T O N C O M M U N I T Y H E A L T H

REDUCE / REUSE / RECYCLE / RECOVERY

GLASS

PAPER

PLASTIC

ORGANIC

• Solid waste

• Liquid waste

• Gaseous waste

• Animal by-product

• Biodegradable waste

• Biomedical waste

• Bulky waste

• Business waste

TYPES OF WASTE

2SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Chemical waste

• Clinical waste

• Coffee wastewater

• Commercial waste

• Construction and demolition waste

• Controlled waste

• Consumable waste

• Composite

Solid waste is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from combined residential, industrial, commercial, healthcare and agricultural activities in a given area.

SOLID WASTE


* Rajendra Kumar Kaushal et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST)Source: Information from web site of CPCB

Evolution of SW in India:

Evolution SW in Jalandhar: Year 2014 - 350 TPD Year 2031 - 1207 TPD

* Punjab Goverment

TYPES OF SOLID WASTE


Household --> MSW

Industrial waste --> Hazardous waste

Biomedical waste --> Infectious waste

*Urban development series knowledge papers. What a waste, a global review of solid waste management. 68135. The world bank. Pag. 7

Depend on the composition

Infectious W.

Hazardous W.MSW

www.johnsbrotherssecurity.com

www.smchealth.orgwww.compostsystems.com

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLID WASTE


www.alamance-nc.com

Characteristics of Solid Waste:

Corrosive

Ignitability

Reactive

Toxicity

www2.lbl.gov

starlitewaste.com

The type of litter we generate and the approximate time it takes to degenerate

Type of litterApproximate time it take to degenerate

the litterOrganic waste such as vegetable and fruit peels, leftover foodstuff, etc

A week or two

Paper 10-30 daysCotton cloth 2-5 monthsWood 10-15 yearsWoolen items 1 yearTin, aluminum, and other metal items such as cans 100-500 years

Plastics bags 1 million yearsGlass bottles Undetermined

* Sahrish (BS Hons in Environmental Science) International Islamic University

SW IN JALANDHAR


Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.

The distribution of the area of the city of Jalandhar in various zones is as shown below

Residential zone 85%Industrial zone 10%Mixed zone 5%No. of large and small factory units 3500

No. of trade units 1050No. of shops 35000No. of tanneries 30No. of electroplating insustries 2No. of private hospitals 50No. of health centres 10

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Residentialzone

Industrial zone Mixed zone

%

05

101520253035404550

Moi

stur

e co

nten

t

Fine

ear

th

Plas

tics

Eart

hwar

e st

one,

etc

Rags

Pape

r/ca

rdbo

ard

Rubb

er, l

eath

er

Glas

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ram

ics

Met

al (n

onfe

rrou

s)

Woo

den

mat

ter

Met

al (f

erro

us)

SW IN JALANDHAR


Parameters Average RangeMetal (ferrous) 0.01 0.00-1.00Metal (nonferrous) 0.13 0.00-0.04Earthware stone, etc 5.17 0.50-15.00Glass/ceramics 0.57 0.00-2.10Fine earth 24.15 19.92-25.72Paper/cardboard 3.43 0.2-10.80Wooden matter 0.09 0.00-0.30Rags 3.95 0.10-9.80Rubber, leather 1.31 0.00-4.00Plastics 7.42 3.20-14.5Moisture content 44.53 6.90-6810

Physical characteristics based on wet basis (%)

Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.

Compostable: 54%Combustible: 64%Inert: 24%Recycable: 11%

Ranking

Food wasteYard waste

SWM IN JALANDHAR

SWM PROCESS


Door to door collection Primary Storage

Street sweeping & drain silt

Secondary collection & transportation

Landfill & Processing facility

Segregation of waste

Biodegradable transferred to compost plant

Non biodegradable transferred to landfill

Compost plantCompost

Sale compost

Landfill

Inert transferred to landfill as solid cover

Conversion to Refuse Delivered Fuel (RDF)

Mixed Waste

Recyclables

Sale of Recyclables

GPS system: The system receive a warning if a garbage bin is not cleaned once every 12 hours

SWM IN JALANDHAR


INCINERATIONMass burn (Incineration) is a combustion process that uses an excess of oxygen and/or air to burn the SWs.This process reduces its weight and volume by 80% - 90%. (EPA Environmental Protection Agency)

MSW Incineration

Bottom ash to landfill or for use in construction

Fly ash and flue gas cleaning residues to hazardous waste landfill

Emissions to water

Emissions to atmosphere

Generation of electricity and/or heat electricity for district heating

Residual materials

Environmental costs

Environmental benefits

Power: 6MW

700 metric tonnes of MSW per day

50 tonnes of green waste for producing biogas and manure in a composting facility

PLANT

* Eunomia Research & Consulting, Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza, HDRA Consultants, ZREU and LDK ECO on behalf of ECOTEC Research & Consulting

Project cost: 133 crores (IMSW)

DISPOSAL IN JALANDHAR


COMPOSTINGBiological processing

Waste materials that are organic in nature, such as plant material, food scraps and paper products can be recycled using biological composting and digestion processes to descompose the organic matter.During composting, microorganisms from the soil eat the organic waste and break it down into its simplest parts.

Products:

Compost for agricultural or landscaping purposes.

Electricity

compostcab.comDump site

WASTE-RELATED

PROBLEMS

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

AcuteWatery

Diarrhea

Cancer Typhoid Malaria Dengue

Diseases Number YearLeprosy (PB) 14 2011Acute watery

diarrhea 3353 2011

Typhoid 418 2011Malaria 87 2011Dengue 63 2011Cancer 1777 2011

As showing the graph below Acute Watery Diarrhea, Typhoid and cancer are the most extended diseases in Jalandhar, therefore this presentation is focused to solve this problem.

WASTE-RELATED DISEASES


www.reporte.com.mxwww.buzzle.com www.lifebuoy.com

CANCERAWD TYPHOID

Acute Water Diarrhea (AWD) is caused by infection of the intestine by bacteria. Diarrhea caused by small intestine disease is typically high volume, watery, and often associated with malabsorption. Dehydration is frequent.

In Jalandhar the amount of AWD cases is very high, being the city which more registered cases, more than 3,000 every year.

ACUTE WATERY DIARRHEA


Causes:

- Metals

- Agricultural pollution

- Garbage

- Composting

Produce by:

- Bacteria

- Parasites

- Virus

*Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign

Typhoid, also known as typhoid fever or enteric fever, is an infection caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi.Typhoid is usually transmitted by water or food.

In Jalandhar the number of cases of Typhoid is very high, increasing every year and going from 3th to 1st position.

TYPHOID


Causes:

- Contaminated water


- Contaminated food

ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN IN LUDHIANA


Door to door collection

A private company started collecting garbage door-to-door in August 2011.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/ludhiana/Garbage-problem-Door-to-door-collection-needed/articleshow/13143831.cms

www.thehindu.com



Waste Stabilization Ponds:Waste Stabilization Ponds are large shallow basins enclosed by earthen embankments in which raw waste water is treated entirely by the natural processes involving both algae and bacteria. As the rate of natural oxidation is slower, longer retention periods are required.

Village Mohlan, Mandal Malout, District Muktsar:A Reverse Osmosis Plant has been installed in this village, as has been done in most of the villages, which supplies water to the villagers in cans.

Village Birk, Block Sidhwan Bet, District Ludhiana: Water Supply Scheme of this village was commissioned in March, 2012.A WSP has been constructed in the village to treat waste water.

2012NO. 11011/11/2012-CRSP (Part) Goverment of India, ministry of drinking water and sanitation



Village Gure, Block Jagraon, District Ludhiana: The water supply of the village is based on a tube well.The waste water was getting accumulated in a low lying land and was creating foul conditions in the village. The villagers decided to convert this land in to a waste stabilization pond system.

Village Dewatwal, Block Ludhiana, District Ludhiana:Waste water of the village was coming in the existing shallow and redundant village pond of 3.5 acres area and was causing foul conditions. During rainy season, the over flow from this pond used to enter into the village streets and the drainage system of the village was getting dysfunctional due to this flooding. Four ponds in series were constructed at the site.

2012NO. 11011/11/2012-CRSP (Part) Goverment of India, ministry of drinking water and sanitation

Cancer risk could be caused a wide range of constituents being released from solid waste: either into the air, water; or food chain. Volatile organics, heavy metals, and certain inorganic gases each have the potential to induce cancer, if those levels are high enough over a period of time that is long enough.In Jalandhar the number of cases is very high, being the third city in the ranking.

Jalandhar: Year 2005 --> 377 cases ; Year 2011 --> 1777 cases (471%).

CANCER


Causes:

- Metals


- Incineration

- Composting

- Acumulated SW

- Food and water

- Gases

* Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign* Cancer Survey 2005 by Health Department Punjab

WASTE-RELATED PROBLEMS


CONTAMINATED FOOD

WATER POLLUTION

DIRTINESS

DISEASES

HOW TO REDUCE

SOLID WASTE


REDUCE / REUSE / RECYCLE / RECOVERY

ALTERNATIVES


The waste management hierarchy is used as a tool to improve the process of SWM and reduce the pollution.

Prevention (Reduce)

Reuse

Recycling

Recovery

Disposal

Most preferred

Least preferred

- Increase the lifetimes of landfills

- Keep the city clean

- Minimize the risk of water clogging and flooding

- Avoid soil and water pollution

- Increase the effectiveness of the incineration plant

- Decrease the transport cost

- Increase the quality of compost because reduces

the heavy metal content

REDUCTION


Plastic Bags

www.utsavpedia.com

Use shopping bags made of clothes or jute

www.technationnews.com

REDUCTION


Plastic Bags

Reuse or recycle them

Say “no, thanks” when your purchase does not require a bag

Place as many items as possible in one plastic bag

Obtain biodegradable plastic bags

An estimated 100,000 marine mammals and up to 1 million sea birds die every year after ingesting or being tangled in

plastic marine litter.www.yvsc.org/wp-content/.../Lets-Talk-Plastic.ppt

Wallet: 10 INR/bottle. Example of 26,000,000,000 Lts = 260,000,000,000 Rs. (Year). (5 billion in india *http://www.gits4u.com/water/water16.htm).

Health: Which can be damaged by toxic chemicals like Bisphenol-A (BPA), leached from bottled water. BPA can also cause cancerous cells in your body

Environment: Which is tainted by production, transportation, packaging and disposal of plastic bottled water

REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BOTTLES


PM Architecture* www.sodahead.com

www.oecd.org

www.haydanhuya.com

REDUCTION OF PLASTIC BOTTLES


Example of 26,000,000,000 litres/year That is means 17,000,000 barrels of oil that was used to produce plastic bottles

An addition of 2,500,000 tons of carbon dioxide that was produced in the manufacturing of plastic bottle

PM Architecture* www.greenpeace.org news.stanford.edu

The heat in cars, transportation, etc. and the plastic of the bottle can leach out chemicals that can lead to breast and other types of cancers

DRINKING PROBLEMS


PM Architecture* imatgessobrerodes.blogspot.com www.mamalatinatips.com

www.lapatilla.com

No matter which one u choose when you think of when going green

DRINKING SOLUTION


PM Architecture*

www.mundovital.es www.ellahoy.eswww.tecnodiva.com

REUSE


Improve people’s awareness and knowledge

BUYING REUSABLE PRODUCTS

www.elec-intro.com www.aliexpress.com

Reduce hazardous waste, and save costs

Rechargeable batteries Printer cartridges

REUSE



Education and awareness in the area of waste and waste management is increasingly important from a global perspective of resource management.

REUSE



Containers reused

Bottles and cans can be used as pencil stands or small vases

Use shopping bags made of clothes or jute

glassjarcrafts.blogspot.com

www.todayshomeowner.com www.apartmenttherapy.com

www.brit.co

RECYCLE



The materials from which the items are made can be reprocessed into new products.The segregation of SW consist in separate wet (Compost) and dry (Recycle) wastes.

WET DRY

Steps:1. Have two containers (dry and Wet).

2. Have two bags for dry waste (paper and plastic).3. Keep glass /plastic containers rinsed of food matter.4. Keep a paper bag for throwing the sanitary waste.

5. Explain waste segregation to your family / neighbours.* http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/4561-swmrt-solid-waste-management-guidelines

RECYCLE


www.blog.biolandia.es

www.teocio.es

RECYCLE


Step 1: Do yor homework A. Assemble a team B. Analyze the trash 1. Generation 2. Composition 3. Percent recyclable C. Identify markets D. Establish a goal E. Get approval (By administration or district)Step 2: Collection system A. Map school B. Logistics C. Containers D. TransportationStep 3: Education/PromotionStep 4: Begin Recycling!Step 5: Evaluate program

A g u i d e f o r i m p l e m e n t i n g

a S c h o o l R e c y c l i n g P r o g r a m

* http://vrarecycles.org/Portals/0/documents/Catch_the_cycle.pdf

Students must be well

educated

RECYCLE


* http://bangalore.citizenmatters.in/articles/4561-swmrt-solid

www.projectsunlight.us

- Increases children’s knowledge of the benefits of recycling

- Helps to reduce the amount of rubbish your school produces

- Saves money and resources - A great project for your school council or green group to lead on

- A lot of FUN!!

Benefits of the Schools

Recycling Programme

RECYCLE


Pipe composting in Kerala

www.thehindu.com

saintgits.org

bokashiwastemanagement.blogspot.com

www.thehindu.com

Compost your trash!

RECYCLE


Paper: - Recycling 1 ton of paper saves 17 mature trees, 7,000 gallons of water, 3 cubic yards of electricity. - Manufacturing recycled paper uses 60 percent of the energy needed to make paper from new materials.

Metal: - Recycling steel and tin cans saves 74 percent of the energy used to make them. - A steel mill using recycling scraps reduce water pollution, air pollution, and mining waste by about 70 percent.

Plastic: - Approximately 86 percent of the energy is saved when plastic is made from plastic rather than from the raw materials of gas and oil.

http://www.slideshare.net/supernova323/how-to-recycle-5

RECYCLE


http://www.publico.es/espana/428310/450-toneladas-de-tapones-de-plastico-para-salvar-la-vida-de-aitana

Plastic caps for healing children - Spain

Parents of kids with rare diseases collected materials around the country to cover the therapy.

At a time that has plummeted economic contribution to charitable causes, a trend that spreads like a fever is to collect plastic caps and introduce in collection points located in schools, shops, bars and pharmacies. From there, the family is responsible for transporting to their home and then to a recycling plant, which pays about 200 euros per tonne.

http://www.elperiodico.com/es/noticias/sociedad/tapones-plastico-para-curar-ninos-1725921

RESULTS


W h e r e d o y o u p r e f e r t o l i v e ?T h a t i s y o u r d e c i s i o n

WHERE WOULD YOU LIKE TO LIVE?




Less than 1 km between these places

RESULTS


G R E E N A R E A S

HOW TO UNDERTAKE ALTERNATIVES


CLEANNESS

Using the bins



C L E A N N E S S



AWARENESS




• Buy everything you can in bulk (large economy sizes) rather than small packages

• Give your food scraps to animals

• Sell or donate things you don’t want instead of throwing them out

• Use cloth napkins, sponges and dishcloths instead of paper towels and napkins.

• Use low-energy fluorescent bulbs that last longer than the regular incandescent bulbs.

• Buy used instead of new

• Maximize the life of appliances by performing regular maintenance

• Keep tires inflated, they’ll last longer and your car will pollute less

• Learn about your local recycling opportunities

• Participate in your local recycling programs

• Buy what you need, use what you buy

• Rotate your tires; they’ll last longer

• Turn your computer monitor off when leaving for more than an hour

• Walk, ride bikes, take bus instead of driving

• Turn the light off when you leave the room

• Clean the condenser coils on your refrigerator every few months--you can reduce electricity

consumption 6% or more

T I P S

CONCLUSIONS

BENEFITS


The solid waste can be properly utilized to gather the benefits such as:

- Conservation of natural resources

- Economic development

- Generate many useful products

- Employment opportunities

- Control of pollution

SUMMARY


Accumulation of Solid Waste

Agricultural Pollution

Heavy metals (water)

Bacteria

Parasites

Virus

TyphoidAWD

Cancer

Stagnant water

Bad odors

CAUSE

EFFECTS

CONSEQUENCES

DISEASES

ALTERNATIVES Reduce, reuse, recovery and recycle

REFERENCES

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

* Rajendra Kumar Kaushal et al. / International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST) Source: Information from web site of CPCB

* Sahrish (BS Hons in Environmental Science) International Islamic University

* Urban development series knowledge papers. What a waste, a global review of solid waste management. 68135. The world bank. Pag. 7

* Indian J Occup Environ Med. Aug 2008; 12(2): 76–81.

* Punjab State Report on Cancer Awareness & Symptom Based Early Detection Campaign

* Punjab Pollution Control Board as cited in Statistical Abstract of Punjab

* Scopus Compendex and Geobase Elsevier, Chemical Abstract Services-USA, Geo-Ref Information Services-USA

* EWF Technology Overview, The Regional Municipality of Halton, Submitted by Genivar, URS, Ramboll, Jacques Whitford & Deloitte, Ontario, Canada, May 30, 2007.

* Evaluation of Alternative Solid Waste Processing Technologies by URS Corporation

* Eunomia Research & Consulting, Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza, HDRA Consultants, ZREU and LDK ECO on behalf of ECOTEC Research & Consulting

* EWF Technology Overview, The Regional Municipality of Halton, Submitted by Genivar, URS, Ramboll, Jacques Whitford & Deloitte, Ontario, Canada, May 30, 2007.

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

G.T. Road, Mehtan, PHAGWARA - 144 401

email: [email protected]

Website: www-gnaedu.in

Tel.: 01824-500211-212

Fax: 01824-500213