presentation dfma.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
7/27/2019 Presentation DFMA.pdf
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Presented by:
Nor Hidayah Binti Md Isa
B041010255
4 BMCD
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Standard in engineering specify an
adherence to a level or quality that must be
maintained to insure the safety of those
involved.
Standards promote safety, reliability,
productivity, efficiency, and consistency.
The process of formulating, issuing and
implementing standards is called
standardization.
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The demand for compatibility came from an
understanding
of
the
importance
of
safety
.
An example of this occurred in 1904, during a
fire in Baltimore, Maryland. More than 1500
structures burned to the ground.
Fire companies came from areas such as New
York, but could not help because their hose
couplings did not fit the fire hydrants inBaltimore.
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Aims of Standardization
Fitness forpurpose
Interchange
ability
Compatibility
Variety
Reduction
Environmentalprotection
Removal of trade barriers
Transfer of
technology
Bettercommunication
and
understanding
Betterutilization of
resources
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Rationalize the manufacturing process.
Eliminate or reduce wasteful material or
labour.
Reduce the cost of manufacture.
Reduce inventories of both raw materialand finished products.
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1• Assure the quality of goods
purchased and services received.
2• Provide better value for money.
3• Are convenient for settling
disputes, if any, with suppliers.
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Provide a workable basis foracceptance or rejection of goodsor consequential disputes, if any.
Minimize delays, correspondence, etc.,resulting from inaccurate or incomplete
specification of materials or products.
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Provide starting points for researchand development for furtherimprovement of goods and
services.
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A standard generally has three attributes:
Aspect
such as specification, testing and analysis, packaging andlabelling
Subject
such as engineering, food, textile or management.
Level
such as at the company, national or international level.
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Figure I shows a standardization diagram that
refers to the level, subject and aspects of
standards, which was created by Dr. Lal C.
Verman, founder and Director General of the
Bureau of Indian Standards, the national
standards body of India.
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There are two main types of standards:
A performance standard, which specifies
what a product is supposed to accomplish,
and
A design standard, which describes what the
product is made of and how it is to be
constructed.
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Vocabulary standards,
e.g. glossaries, signs and symbols;
Basic standards,
such as units of measures;
Product standards,
that cover, inter alia, specificationsfor dimensions, performance, health,safety, environmental protection and
documentation;
Standards for inspection, testmethods and analysis;
Standards that focus onorganization,
such as for logistics, maintenance,inventory management, quality
management, project management andproduction management.
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The main functions of NSBs include:
Preparation and promulgationof national standards;
Promotion of theimplementation of standards by
industry;
Certification of products;
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Arab Organization forStandardization and
Metrology(ASMO)
Pan American StandardsCommission (COPANT)
InternationalOrganization forStandardization
(ISO)
International Electrotechnical Commission
(IEC)
Codex AlimentariusCommission
(Codex)
InternationalTelecommunication
Union
(ITU)
African RegionalOrganization forStandardization
(ARSO)
European
Committee forStandardization(CEN)
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Tensile tests provide information on thestrength and ductility of materials underuniaxial tensile stresses.
According to ASTM, this information can thenbe used to compare materials, developalloys, maintain quality control, and assistwith some aspects of design.
The ASTM standard tension specimen has a0.500 inch diameter and a gage length of 2.0inches between the gage marks.
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A standard round test specimen has the
following dimensions:
•
Gage Length of 2.000 +/- 0.005 inches.• Diameter of 0.500 +/- 0.010 inches.
• Radius of fillet, min. of 3/8 inches.
• Length of reduced section, min. of 2 ¼ inches.