Preparing for Global Food

Demands by 2050 living marine resources and marine biotechnology response

Øystein Lie, Oslo Innovation Center www.forskningsparken.no Executive Manager MareLife www.marelife.no

Global Forum On Biotechnology : Marine Biotechnology – Enabling Solutions For Ocean Productivity And

Sustainability (GFB), 30-31 May, 2012, Morris J. Wosk Centre for Dialogue, Vancouver, Canada

It is ripe time

The blue planet (3/4 of the globe) launches the blue revolution

half a century after the green one.

The 9 billion people question…

”Genetically modified crops are the key to human survival. To block GM crops on moral grounds are no longer sustainable.” Professor Sir John Beddington, Programme leader, Head of UK Governmental Office of Science

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Meat concumption

Fish consumption

World population (UN)

Source: FAO, 2008;2009

Population Growth vs Food supply

Global Food Production «The Blue revolution» is just in its starting block

Aquaculture and Aquafeed Production & Prognosis

Source: Margareth Øverland, APC, UMB, Norway

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World Fish oil prod Aquaculture

Human Consumption Other usage

Growth in global salmon industry vs. Availability of fish oil

Global salmon production CAGR 6 % Production and use of fish oils

Source: Odd Magne Rødseth, AquaGen Norway

Biotech is an enabling technology with increasing impact in numerous market segments

Foods Nutraceutica

Pharma Cosmetics Bio materials

Process industries

R&D markets

Energy Environmental technologies

OECD: The Bioeconomy to 2030- designing av policy agenda: «The bioeconomy offers technological solutions for many challenges facing the world….

But achieving its potential will require appropriate national, regional and in some cases global

policies»

Marine Board-ESF Working Group on Marine Biotechnology

A European Strategy for Marine Biotechnology

www.esf.org/marineboard

Chair: J. Querellou (Ifremer, France)

• Re-emphasise untapped potential of marine

biotechnology for Europe

• Identify key areas for development in Europe

• Update the European vision and strategy for Marine

Biotechnology

• Establish a (virtual) European Institute of Marine

Biotechnology and a European information Portal

Four major themes:

Health, Food, Environment, Energy

Working group member NO: Jan Olafsen, University of Tromsø (jan.olafsen@uit.no)

Source: Jan Olafsen, University of Tromsø

• Utilize the whole fish – reduce discards of residuals • Optimize aqua feed (a main bottle neck at

escalating aquaculture) and Health management

Reduce fish as resource Use lower trophic levels Crops to feed and food and not to fuel Efficient vaccines and disease control

• Genetically advanced broodstocks

• Farm «sustainable» species

• Scale up algae production

MULTI BILL TONNES BLUE FOOD STRATEGY

MULTI BILL TONNES BLUE FOOD STRATEGY cont.

• Avoid uneven harvesting pressure on existing species (FAO Stat.: 25% underexploited, 50% fully expl., 17 overexploited, 8 «depleted».

• New secrets/new species of the sea

• Harvest sustainably at lower trophic levels

• Stop dumping (5-10 mill tonnes annually)

(UN regulation 2011)

• Stop IUU fishing (EC regulation 2010)

1/3 of world fisheries is IUU !!!!!

• Develop green fishery technology

HSG Propulsion Communication Remote sensing of ocean enviroment parameters Green Passport

Green Fishing Vessel Lieguppen , Norway

More Knowledge is needed about the structures and dynamics of marine ecosystems

Source: Hein Rune Skjoldal, Institute for Marine Research, Norway

Two prime candidates with large potentials for sustainable harvest

Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba)

• World’s largest single species biomass of 400-500 mill MT (almost double size of human beings)

• Live in large schools (10-30 K); up to 6 yrs • Feed directly on phytoplankton • Pelagic life cycle

Calanus finmarchicus

One of world largest single species biomass. Size: max 3 mm Lifetime: 1 år Waters: Main zooplankton in The Norwegian Sea and

neighbouring waters. Spawning time Spring at the surface and Fall/Winter it moves

down to 500-1500 depth Feeding on phytoplankton

Source: Kurt Tande, Calanus AS Source: Nils Hoem, Aker BioMarine ASA

Aker Biomarine is an integrated biotechnology company covering all steps in the value chain.

Eco-HarvestingTM Cooperation with

World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) Norway

Research on Krill

Unique fishing technology

invented by Aker

BioMarine

Developed and

implemented

improved

operational standards

Cooperation with Institute

of Marine Research

(Norway) and British

Antarctic Survey

High environmental standards in place

Source: Nils Hoem, Aker Biomarine

Eco-Harvesting Processing Product testing: quality /biomarkers for human health Marketing

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Marine biotech is an important tool for sustainable exploitation and remediation of living resources from the

whole food chain. e.g. : Calanus spp.

Rauåte

Oljelense/skimmer

Rauåte

Oljelense/skimmer

Calanus catch during experimental fishery (Foto: Snorre Angell, Calanus AS).

Sekk med rauåte under forsøksfiske (Foto: Snorre Angell, Calanus AS).

Model of fine meched trawl for calanus fishery (SINTEF Fiskeri og havbruk AS).

An optional solution for harvesting calanus using air bubbles (SINTEF F&h AS).

Slide: Karl Almås, Adm dir. SINTEF Fiskeri & Aquaculture

2nd generation GM crops on the way out of the laboratories……

Microalgae – A new blue/green

revolution?

(bioethanol)

Novel bioactive

compounds

(bioprospecting)

Food/Ingredients Soil improvement

Alginat

Agar

Karragenan

Bio-cleaning

Toxic pollutants

Nutritients (salts)

discharge form

aquaculture

Fjord management

Rehabilitation of

ecosystems

Sukkertare is a

nearly extinct

species

Feeds/feed

ingredients

Macro algae offers a lot!

Slide: Karl Almås, Adm dir. SINTEF Fiskeri & Aquaculture

Slide: Olaf Styrvold, UiT

Marine bioprospecting- the most marine biotechnology intensive field?

Microbes Ex. Methylococcus capsulatus

Animalia Ex. Krill (E. Superba)

Plants Ex. soya

Aqauculture Protein Center (APC) - All its research aims at finding sustainable alternatives

to fishmeal in diets for carnivorous fish.

Source: Margareth Øverland, Manager APC, Norway

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1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Efficient broodstock saves ocean

resources! Genetics and breeding – the single most powerful tool in

livestock and aquaculture

Source: Eknath et al 1991

Chickens

Dairy cows

Pigs

Salmon

Other species

Thanks to all contributors! 22

Whole genome knowledge- a new paradigm shift in aquaculture and

Wild stock management regimens

The Salmon Genome Project Complete DNA sequence available in 2012

Traditional selection

Marker-assisted selection – a few markers

Marker-assisted selection - many markers

Genome-wide selection?

Whole genome selection

Transgenic organism

Source: Odd Magne Rødseth, AquaGen Norway

Tilapia is smart farming:

Feeding the world - Saving the oceans

Tilapia feeds on «green water» (algae) and low fat feed formula. Does not tap marine resources

Farmed N

AG98 48

AG99 89

AG00 58

AG01 291

MOWI04 20

MOWI05 20

MOWI08 20

MOWI09 20

SB04 47

SB05 47

SB06 48

SB07 48

Total 756

Wild N

Tanaelva-89 40

Altaelva-81,-82,-95 40

Saltdalselva-77,-78 35

Namsen-78 48

Gaula-89,-90 44

Driva-77,-91 41

Surna-77 30

Rauma-74,-76.-77-91,-95 48

Lærdalselva-77,-78,-97 61

Vossoelva-77,-78 18

Suldalslågen-79,-80 50

Figgjoelva-89 48

Numedalslågen-89 50

Total 553

SNP-chip available for generic differentiation between wild and farmed salmon!

S. Karlson et al 2010. Slide: Sigbjørn Lien, Cigene, Norway

60 SNPs sufficient to differentiate between wild and farmed salmon

Nianzhi Jiao Professor PhD. Xiamen University

Climate change: The ocean is our best ally in fighting climate change by invisible microbial carbon pumps driven by bacteria able to store carbon in refractory molecules equal to the atmospheric amount!

«A whole new ocean «sink» for atmosphere carbon dioxide capture has been discovered» The Economist Sept. 11-2010.

WE ARE ALL IN THE SAME BOAT

Already on board - And in business!