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Technology in ActionTechnology in Action

Chapter 5Using System Software:

The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management


Chapter TopicsChapter Topics

• System software• Kinds of operating systems• OS role in:

– Providing user interaction– Managing the processor– Managing memory– Managing hardware– Interacting with application software– Starting the computer


Chapter Topics (cont.)Chapter Topics (cont.)

• Desktop and Windows features• OS role in keeping desktop organized• Utility programs


System Software: The OSSystem Software: The OS• Controls computer functions

– Hardware– Processor– Memory – Devices

• Provides means for software to work with the CPU

• Responsible for management, scheduling, and interaction of tasks

• Provides user interface


System Software: UtilitiesSystem Software: Utilities

• Utilities: Programs that perform computer housekeeping tasks– Manage system resources– Improve efficiency– Virus prevention


Operating System CategoriesOperating System Categories

• Four categories:1. Real-time (RTOS)2. Single-user, single-task3. Single-user, multitask4. Multiuser


1. Real-Time Operating 1. Real-Time Operating SystemsSystems

• Systems with a specific purpose and a certain result

• Uses include:– Industrial machines– Robotic devices– Automobiles– Video game

consoles– Home appliances


Single-User Operating SystemsSingle-User Operating Systems2. Single-task systems• Perform one task at a time• PDAs:

– Pocket PC– Palm OS– Windows Mobile

• MS-DOS

3. Multitask systems• Perform simultaneous tasks• Windows• Mac OS• Linux


4. Multiuser Operating Systems 4. Multiuser Operating Systems • Known as network operating systems• Allow access to the computer system by more

than one user• Manage user requests• Systems include:

– Linux– UNIX– Unicos– Windows Server 2008– Windows Vista– Mac OS X– i5/OS– z/OS


Desktop and Notebook Desktop and Notebook Operating SystemsOperating Systems

• An operating system combined with a processor is known as a platform.– Microsoft Windows/Intel– Apple Macintosh/Motorola

• Desktop and notebook operating systems include:– Microsoft Windows– Mac OS– Linux– UNIX

Microsoft WindowsMicrosoft Windows

Windows VistaWindows 7 – demo http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/products/tour?browser=other

• This version of Windows, which comes in many versions, provides tighter security and improved graphical capabilities.


http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/products/tour?browser=other

http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/windows7/products/tour?browser=other


Mac OSMac OS• First commercially

available OS with point-and-click technology (graphical user interface)

• Excellent in:– Graphics display– Processing capabilities– System reliability– File backup utilities– Document recovery

• Fewer software applications available than for Windows


LinuxLinux

• Open source operating system

• Based on UNIX• Stable system• Free• May be downloaded

from the Internet


Operating Systems for Operating Systems for Servers and MainframesServers and Mainframes

• Servers– Manage network resources

• Mainframes– Handle requests from hundreds or thousands

of users simultaneously• Operating systems:

– Windows Server– Unix


UNIXUNIX• Multiuser, multitask operating system• Used primarily with mainframes


What the OS DoesWhat the OS Does

1. Provides a user interface2. Manages the CPU3. Manages memory and storage4. Manages hardware and

peripheral devices5. Coordinates application software

with the CPU


1. The User Interface1. The User Interface

• Enables you to interact with the computer

• Types of interfaces:– Command-driven interface– Menu-driven interface– Graphical user interface

(GUI)

cmd from start menu

Command-driven


2. Processor Management2. Processor Management

• Controls the timing of events the processor works on– Interrupts– Interrupt handler– Interrupt table– Stack


3. Memory and Storage 3. Memory and Storage ManagementManagement

• The operating system allocates space in RAM for instructions and data.

RAM

Operating

System


3. (con’t) Virtual Memory3. (con’t) Virtual Memory

• Instructions and data are stored on the hard drive when RAM is full.– Swap file– Paging – Thrashing


4. Hardware and Peripheral 4. Hardware and Peripheral Device ManagementDevice Management

• Device drivers– Programs that enable the operating system to

communicate with peripheral devices– Provided by the manufacturer of the device

• Plug and Play– Hardware and software standard– Facilitates the installation of new hardware


5. Software Application 5. Software Application CoordinationCoordination

• Application programming interfaces (APIs)– Blocks of code contained in the operating

system– Coordinate the operating system with

software applications– Similar toolbars and menus

– Microsoft DirectX


Starting the ComputerStarting the ComputerThe Boot Process• Step 1: The basic input/output system (BIOS) is activated.

• Step 2: A power-on self-test (POST) checks attached hardware.

• Step 3: The operating system loads into RAM.

• Step 4: Configuration and customization settings are checked.


Handling Errors in the Handling Errors in the Boot ProcessBoot Process

• Safe mode– Windows

does not boot properly

– Try rebooting– Uninstall any

new devices or software


The DesktopThe Desktop


Windows Windows Title bar Close button

Ribbon

Minimize button

Maximize/Restore button

Scrollbar

Document view options


File ManagementFile Management

• The operating system provides an organizational structure for the computer’s contents.

• Hierarchical structure of directories:– Drives

• FoldersSubfolders

» Files


File ManagementFile Management

Files and folders inside MGT 111 Spring folder

Navigation pane with links to favorite folders

Folders presented in a hierarchical structure

Click to display the Searches Folder

MGT 111 Spring folder selected


Viewing and Sorting Viewing and Sorting Files and FoldersFiles and Folders

• Flip 3D



• Details view



• Large Icon view



• Other views available: – Tiles view– List view– Small and Medium Icons views


Naming FilesNaming Files• Filename: Name

assigned plus filename extension

• Characters not legal in Windows filenames: “ / \ * ? < > | :

• Character not legal in Mac filenames:

:

Bioreport.docxor

Bio report.docx


Filename ExtensionsFilename ExtensionsExtension Type of Document Application

.doc Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2003

.docx Word-processing document Microsoft Word 2007 document

.wpd Word-processing document Corel WordPerfect

.xlsx Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel 2007 workbook

.accdb Database Microsoft Access 2007

.pptx PowerPoint presentation Microsoft PowerPoint 2007 presentation

.pdf Portable Document Format Adobe Acrobat or Adobe Reader

.rtf Text Any program that can read text documents

.txt Text Any program that can read text documents


Filename Extensions (cont.)Filename Extensions (cont.)

Extension Type of Document Application

.htm or .html Web page Any program that can read HTML

.jpg Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) image

Most programs capable of displaying images

.gif Graphic Interchange Format (GIF) image

Most programs capable of displaying images

.bmp Bitmap image Windows

.zip Compressed file WinZip


File PathFile Path

• File path: Location of the file


Working with FilesWorking with Files

• File management actions:– Open– Copy– Move– Rename– Delete

• Recycle Bin


Utility ProgramsUtility Programs

• Small programs that perform special functions:– Manage system resources– Create a pleasant environment– Improve efficiency


Display UtilitiesDisplay Utilities

• Change the appearance of:– Desktop– Windows colors– Font sizes

• Include:– Screen savers– Screen resolution– Clear Type


Add or Remove ProgramsAdd or Remove Programs

• Installation wizard• Uninstall wizard:

– Programs cannot simply be deleted


File Compression UtilitiesFile Compression Utilities• Reduce the size of a file• Take out redundancies• Make it easier and faster to send files

over the Internet• Generally, repeated patterns are

replaced with a shorter placeholder

TheThe rrainain inin SpSpainain fallsfalls mmainainlyly onon thethe plplainain..


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities• Disk Cleanup: Cleans unnecessary files


System Maintenance UtilitiesSystem Maintenance Utilities• Disk defragmenter• ScanDisk:

– Error checker• Task Manager


System RestoreSystem Restore

• Restores system settings to a specific date


System BackupSystem Backup• Backup

– Creates a copy of a hard drive to another storage device

• Task Scheduler– Runs selected utilities automatically


Accessibility UtilitiesAccessibility Utilities

• Ease of Access Center– Centralized location for

assistive technology– Examples:

• High contrast• Magnifier• On-screen keyboard• Windows speech

recognition


Chapter 5 Summary QuestionsChapter 5 Summary Questions

• What software is included in system software?



• What are the different kinds of operating systems?



• What are the most common desktop operating systems?



• How does the operating system provide a means for users to interact with the computer?



• How does the operating system help manage: – The processor?– Memory and storage?– Hardware and peripheral devices?



• How does the operating system interact with application software?



• How does the operating system help the computer start up?



• What are the main desktop and windows features?



• How does the operating system help me keep my computer organized?



• What utility programs are included in system software, and what do they do?

Chapter 5 6060

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mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice HallPublishing as Prentice Hall

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