post cold war iii
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Post Cold War Part III
Post-Willy Brandt German Chancellors
Helmut Schmidt 1974-1982 Social Democrat
Helmut Kohl 1982-1998 Christian Democrat
Gerhard Schroder 1998-November 2005 Social Democrat
Angela Merkel November 2005 - Christian Democrat
First women Chancellor, First East German Chancellor
Merkel leads a Coalition Government
What is Existentialism?
Culture: the cry of men in face of their destiny - Camus
Man can will nothing unless he has first understood that he must count on no one but himself; that he is alone, abandoned on earth in the midst of his infinite responsibilities, without help, with no other aim than the one he sets himself, with no other destiny than the one he forges for himself on this earth. - Sartre
It is only in our decisions that we are important - Sartre
Man is condemned to be free; because once thrown into the world, he is responsible for everything he does - Sartre
A pair of powerful spectacles has sometimes sufficed to cure a person in love - Nietzsche
Fear is the mother of morality - Nietzsche
But what is happiness except the simple harmony between a man and the life he leads? Camus
Man is the only creature that refuses to be what he is - Camus
What is Existentialism?
Philosophical Movement
Questioned the primacy of reason and science to understand human nature.
There is NO predefined human nature or ultimate evaluation (therefore, God is irrelevant) except what we as individuals project onto the world ourselves.
What is Existentialism?
People may only be judged or defined by their actions and choices.
Humans must make their own ethical values and cannot depend on traditional religion, rational philosophy, or social customs for guidance.
“Existence precedes essence” People must take full responsibility for who they are. You are nothing except what you make of yourself.
Why do they feel this way???
They were protesting against a world in which reason, technology, and politics produced only war and genocide.
Reflects the uncertainty of social institutions and ethical values in an era of world wars.
They live in a civilization that stresses material progress but lacks morality
Who are they???
Sartre
Camus
Heidegger
Nietzsche
Kierkegaard
These men criticized Hegel…
Georg Hegel (1770-1831)
Philosopher of History
“Universal Spirit” – similar to Christian God (but is nonreligious)
- All of humanity ruled by its interconnectedness of this Spirit
“Thesis” – At any given time in history there is a predominant set of ideas
(example: Agrarian feudalism is good for a country)
“Antithesis” – That Thesis is challenged by another set of conflicting ideas
(example: Capitalism is good for a country)
“Synthesis” – These clash and a new pattern of thought emerges. It becomes the new Thesis.
Important Philosophical conclusions:
1. All periods of history are equal in their importance
2. All cultures are valuable – they bring necessary clashes of values and ideas.
Karl Marx uses Hegel’s ideas as the foundation of his work
Marx changes it to say that economic relationships between social classes are the driving force for the antithesis.
What is this style? Who is the artist?
Silver over Black, White, Yellow and Red Untitled
Black and white
What is this style? Who is the artist?
Marilyn
Whaam!
Soup Can Classic
Kiefer - Departure from Egypt
Kiefer - To the Unknown Painter