positive attitudes

8/4/2019 Positive Attitudes

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ATTITUDE


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WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE?

Attitude is a state of mind

Your attitude is your mind-set

It is the way you look at things mentally

Attitudes are evaluative statements

They indicate ones feelings either

favourably or unfavourably to persons

objects and or events


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ATTITUDES ARE EVALUATIVE

STATEMENTS

Attitude reflect how one feels about

something

Ex. When someone says I like teaching heis expressing his attitude about his work


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HOW ATTITUDE WORKS

It is a cognitive and affective evaluation

that predisposes a person to to act in a

certain way

Cognitive

AffectiveBEHAVIOUR


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THREE COMPONENTS OF

ATTITUDES?

Cognitions (Thoughts)

Affections (Feelings)

Behaviour ( Actions and reactions)

Interplay of the three components

ABC model


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THREE COMPONENTS OF

ATTITUDES- AN EXAMPLE

Cognitions (My job is interesting)

Affections (I love my job)

Behaviour ( I am going to get to work earlywith a smile on my face- my intention to act)


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DEFINITION OF

ATTITUDE?

Attitude is defined as thepersistent

tendency to feel and behave in a particular

way towards some objects, persons orevents


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WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES

ABOUT ATITUDES?

Attitudes are related to feelings and beliefs about

people

Attitude is a response to persons objects or events

Attitudes affect behaviour positively or negatively

Attitudes undergo changes

Attitudes affect perception, and in turn, behaviour


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HOW ATTITUDES ARE FORM ED- DIRECT

LEARNING AND SOCIAL LEARNING

Attitudes are not inherited

They are acquired or learned by people from the

environment in which they interactThe formation of attitudes is broadly classified

in to two sources namely

1. Direct experience with the object

2. Social Learning classical conditioning


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PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM

OBSERVATION- DIRECT LEARNING

Ones direct experience with an object or

person serves as a powerful source for his

or her attitude formationIn other words attitudes are formed on the

basis of ones past experience in concerned

object or person


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OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING

The process of deriving attitudes from family peer groups religious

organizations and culture is called social learning

In social learning a person acquires attitudes from his or her

environment in an indirect manner

They acquire it mainly by observing the behaviour of other and

consequences of that behaviour called vicarious learning

Neighbourhood

Economic status and occupations

Mass communications


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OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING

Attention - focus on something

Retention - what observed must be retained

Reproduction - Behaviour must be practicedagain and again

Motivation - learner must be motivated to

learn from it


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FUNCTIONS OF ATTITUDE

Adjustment

Ego-defence

Expressive

Knowledge


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Why do managers need to know

about attitude functions?Understand predict how a certain person is

likely to behave.

Change the attitude of another person. Eg:-low self-esteem


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THREE TYPES OF JOB RELATED

ATTITUDES

Job satisfaction - Individuals pleasurable or

positive emotional state toward his job

Job Involvement - the degree to which peopleimmerse themselves in their jobs - It is identifying

with ones job

Organizational commitment - it is about employees

loyalty towards their organizations - It isidentifying with ones organization


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JOB SATISFACTION IS RELATED

WITH FIVE SPECIFC JOB DIMENSIONS

PAY

WORK ITSELF

PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND

PROCEDURES

WORKING ENVIRONMENT


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Lockes value theory

Satisfaction is a function of the extent to

which one's job is perceived as fulfilling

important values; do perceived jobcharacteristics match desired

characteristics? - Satisfaction is determined

by the discrepancy between preferred levels

of job factors (pay, autonomy, etc.) and the

actual level.


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Consequences of job satisfactionLawler- porter model of satisfaction and performance


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Productivity

Satisfaction and absences

Safety

Job stress

Unionization


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JOB INVOLVEMENT

It is the degree to which employees

immerse themselves in their jobs, invest

time and energy in them and consider workas central part of their overall lives

Such employees tend to be high performers

and seldom tardy and get absent


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ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT

It is an attitude about employees

commitment to the organization

It is the process by which an employeeidentify with the organization and and want

to maintain membership with the

organization


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WHAT IS A POSITIVE

ATTITUDE

WHAT HAVE YOU GOT TO SAY?


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WHAT IS A POSITIVE

ATTITUDE

Attitude is the way you communicate your

mood to others

The way you perceive the world and yourposition in it directly affects your dealings

with others

a positive self image will reinforce andimprove both professional and personal

relationships


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ATTITUDE IS YOUR MENTAL

FOCUS ON THE OUTSIDE WORLD

Like using a camera you can focus or set your mind on

what appeals to you

You can see situations as either opportunities or failures

Examples

A hot summer day may be beautiful or ugly

A departmental meeting is either interesting or boring


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When you are optimistic and anticipate successful

encounters you transmit a positive attitude and

people usually respond favourably

When you are pessimistic and expect the worst

your attitude is often negative and people tend to

avoid you

Quite simply you take the picture of life you wantto take


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EMPHASIZING THE POSITIVE

AND DIFFUSING THE NEGATIVE

Emphasizing the positive and diffusing the negative

is like using a magnifying glass

You can place the glass over good news and feel

better or you can magnify bad news and make

yourself miserable

Magnifying situations can become a habit

if you continually focus on difficult situations theresult will be exaggerated distortions of problems


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A BETTER APPROACH

Imagine you have binoculars

Use magnifying end to view positive things

Use the other end whenever you encounternegative elements to make them appear

smaller

Once you know to highlight the positiveyou are on the right road


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REMEMBER! ATTITUDE IS

NEVER STATIC!

IT IS AN ONGOINGDYNAMIC PERCEPTUAL

PROCESS


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HOW TO MEASURE

ATTITUDESSelf- Report

Indirect tests

Direct observation TechniquesPsychological Reaction Techniques


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HOW TO CHANGE

ATTITUDESFilling in information Gap

Resolving Discrepancies

Impact of peersThe co-opting approach

positive attitudes

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