Download - Positive Attitudes
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ATTITUDE
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WHAT IS AN ATTITUDE?
Attitude is a state of mind
Your attitude is your mind-set
It is the way you look at things mentally
Attitudes are evaluative statements
They indicate ones feelings either
favourably or unfavourably to persons
objects and or events
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ATTITUDES ARE EVALUATIVE
STATEMENTS
Attitude reflect how one feels about
something
Ex. When someone says I like teaching heis expressing his attitude about his work
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HOW ATTITUDE WORKS
It is a cognitive and affective evaluation
that predisposes a person to to act in a
certain way
Cognitive
AffectiveBEHAVIOUR
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THREE COMPONENTS OF
ATTITUDES?
Cognitions (Thoughts)
Affections (Feelings)
Behaviour ( Actions and reactions)
Interplay of the three components
ABC model
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THREE COMPONENTS OF
ATTITUDES- AN EXAMPLE
Cognitions (My job is interesting)
Affections (I love my job)
Behaviour ( I am going to get to work earlywith a smile on my face- my intention to act)
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DEFINITION OF
ATTITUDE?
Attitude is defined as thepersistent
tendency to feel and behave in a particular
way towards some objects, persons orevents
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WHAT ARE THE SALIENT FEATURES
ABOUT ATITUDES?
Attitudes are related to feelings and beliefs about
people
Attitude is a response to persons objects or events
Attitudes affect behaviour positively or negatively
Attitudes undergo changes
Attitudes affect perception, and in turn, behaviour
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HOW ATTITUDES ARE FORM ED- DIRECT
LEARNING AND SOCIAL LEARNING
Attitudes are not inherited
They are acquired or learned by people from the
environment in which they interactThe formation of attitudes is broadly classified
in to two sources namely
1. Direct experience with the object
2. Social Learning classical conditioning
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PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM
OBSERVATION- DIRECT LEARNING
Ones direct experience with an object or
person serves as a powerful source for his
or her attitude formationIn other words attitudes are formed on the
basis of ones past experience in concerned
object or person
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PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM
OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING
The process of deriving attitudes from family peer groups religious
organizations and culture is called social learning
In social learning a person acquires attitudes from his or her
environment in an indirect manner
They acquire it mainly by observing the behaviour of other and
consequences of that behaviour called vicarious learning
Neighbourhood
Economic status and occupations
Mass communications
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PROCESS OF LEARNING ATTITUDES FROM
OBSERVATION- SOCIAL LEARNING
Attention - focus on something
Retention - what observed must be retained
Reproduction - Behaviour must be practicedagain and again
Motivation - learner must be motivated to
learn from it
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FUNCTIONS OF ATTITUDE
Adjustment
Ego-defence
Expressive
Knowledge
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Why do managers need to know
about attitude functions?Understand predict how a certain person is
likely to behave.
Change the attitude of another person. Eg:-low self-esteem
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THREE TYPES OF JOB RELATED
ATTITUDES
Job satisfaction - Individuals pleasurable or
positive emotional state toward his job
Job Involvement - the degree to which peopleimmerse themselves in their jobs - It is identifying
with ones job
Organizational commitment - it is about employees
loyalty towards their organizations - It isidentifying with ones organization
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JOB SATISFACTION IS RELATED
WITH FIVE SPECIFC JOB DIMENSIONS
PAY
WORK ITSELF
PROMOTIONAL OPPORTUNITIES
ORGANIZATIONAL POLICIES AND
PROCEDURES
WORKING ENVIRONMENT
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Lockes value theory
Satisfaction is a function of the extent to
which one's job is perceived as fulfilling
important values; do perceived jobcharacteristics match desired
characteristics? - Satisfaction is determined
by the discrepancy between preferred levels
of job factors (pay, autonomy, etc.) and the
actual level.
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Consequences of job satisfactionLawler- porter model of satisfaction and performance
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Productivity
Satisfaction and absences
Safety
Job stress
Unionization
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JOB INVOLVEMENT
It is the degree to which employees
immerse themselves in their jobs, invest
time and energy in them and consider workas central part of their overall lives
Such employees tend to be high performers
and seldom tardy and get absent
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ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT
It is an attitude about employees
commitment to the organization
It is the process by which an employeeidentify with the organization and and want
to maintain membership with the
organization
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WHAT IS A POSITIVE
ATTITUDE
WHAT HAVE YOU GOT TO SAY?
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WHAT IS A POSITIVE
ATTITUDE
Attitude is the way you communicate your
mood to others
The way you perceive the world and yourposition in it directly affects your dealings
with others
a positive self image will reinforce andimprove both professional and personal
relationships
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ATTITUDE IS YOUR MENTAL
FOCUS ON THE OUTSIDE WORLD
Like using a camera you can focus or set your mind on
what appeals to you
You can see situations as either opportunities or failures
Examples
A hot summer day may be beautiful or ugly
A departmental meeting is either interesting or boring
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When you are optimistic and anticipate successful
encounters you transmit a positive attitude and
people usually respond favourably
When you are pessimistic and expect the worst
your attitude is often negative and people tend to
avoid you
Quite simply you take the picture of life you wantto take
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EMPHASIZING THE POSITIVE
AND DIFFUSING THE NEGATIVE
Emphasizing the positive and diffusing the negative
is like using a magnifying glass
You can place the glass over good news and feel
better or you can magnify bad news and make
yourself miserable
Magnifying situations can become a habit
if you continually focus on difficult situations theresult will be exaggerated distortions of problems
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A BETTER APPROACH
Imagine you have binoculars
Use magnifying end to view positive things
Use the other end whenever you encounternegative elements to make them appear
smaller
Once you know to highlight the positiveyou are on the right road
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REMEMBER! ATTITUDE IS
NEVER STATIC!
IT IS AN ONGOINGDYNAMIC PERCEPTUAL
PROCESS
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HOW TO MEASURE
ATTITUDESSelf- Report
Indirect tests
Direct observation TechniquesPsychological Reaction Techniques
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HOW TO CHANGE
ATTITUDESFilling in information Gap
Resolving Discrepancies
Impact of peersThe co-opting approach