pmt calibration / greenhouses bryan musolf. pmt calibration

PMT Calibration / Greenhouses

Bryan Musolf

PMT Calibration

7/31/11 Bryan Musolf - Fermilab 3

Goals

• Transform raw data into graphs for 30 PMTs

• Observe how the gain and # of photoelectrons (PE) change as a LED intensity changes

• Observe how the gain and # of PE change as high voltage changes

• Find the stable region of each PMT by analyzing the noise

• Extrapolate PMT data

• Ensure the linearity of each PMT

• Further test the PMTs


LED intensity• Increasing the LED intensity while keeping the high voltage constant

PE vs. Bias Voltage

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Bias Voltage (V)

PE

PE (1000V)

PE (1100V)

PE (1200V)

Gain vs. Bias Voltage

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Bias Voltage (V)

Gain (E7)

Gain (1000V)

Gain (1100V)

Gain (1200V)

As the PMTs become saturated the PE cannot be measured accurately

As the PE cannot be measured the gain is no longer constant


High Voltage• Increasing the high voltage while keeping the LED intensity constant

Noise / Gain / Spec Gain vs. High Voltage

1.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.00E+09

1.00E+10

900 1100 1300 1500 1700

High Voltage (V)

Noise / Gain / Spec Gain

Gain

Spec Gain

PE vs. High Voltage

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

High Voltage (V)

PE PE

Comparing the experimental gain vs. the specification gain from the company

Approximately1 PE should be hitting the PMT for these tests. This plot ensured that.


Noise counts / min and Extrapolation• We then added the noise counts / min to find the stable region of each

PMT• We also extrapolated the data to find the high voltage that would give

us a gain of 5E7Noise / Gain / Spec Gain vs. High Voltage

1000

10000

100000

1E+06

1E+07

1E+08

1E+09

1E+10

1E+11

900 1100 1300 1500 1700

High Voltage (V)

Noise / Gain / Spec Gain

Noise counts / Min

Gain

Spec Gain

Extrapolation

Our gain of 5E7 is right in the stable region of the PMT


All 30 PMT• Spec gain vs. high voltage and gain vs. high voltage for all 30 PMT

Gain vs. High Voltage for all 30 PMT

1.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.00E+09

1.00E+10

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

High Voltage (V)

Gain

PMT01

PMT02

PMT03

PMT04

PMT05

PMT06

PMT07

PMT08

PMT09

PMT10

PMT11

PMT12

PMT13

PMT14

PMT15

PMT16

PMT17

PMT18

PMT19

PMT20

PMT21

PMT22

PMT23

PMT24

PMT25

PMT26

PMT27

PMT28

PMT29

PMT30

Spec Gain vs. High Voltage for all 30 PMT

1.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.00E+09

1.00E+10

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

High Voltage

Spec Gain

PMT01

PMT02

PMT03

PMT04

PMT05

PMT06

PMT07

PMT08

PMT09

PMT10

PMT11

PMT12

PMT13

PMT14

PMT15

PMT16

PMT17

PMT18

PMT19

PMT20

PMT21

PMT22

PMT23

PMT24

PMT25

PMT26

PMT27

PMT28

PMT29

PMT 30

Our measured gain closely reflects the spec gain given to us by the company

Gain plot starts to break down when PMTs start to become saturated


All 30 PMT• Noise vs. high voltage and the extrapolation for all 30 PMT

Noise / min vs. High Voltage for all 30 PMT

100

1000

10000

100000

1000000

10000000

100000000

900 1100 1300 1500 1700

High Voltage (V)

Noise Counts / min

PMT01PMT02PMT03PMT04PMT05PMT06PMT07PMT08PMT09PMT10PMT11PMT12PMT13PMT14PMT15PMT16PMT17PMT18PMT19PMT20PMT21PMT22PMT23PMT24PMT25PMT26PMT27PMT28PMT29PMT30

Extrapolation vs. High Voltage

1.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.00E+09

1.00E+10

1.00E+11

1.00E+12

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800

High Voltage

Extrapolation

PMT01

PMT02

PMT03

PMT04

PMT05

PMT06

PMT07

PMT08

PMT09

PMT10

PMT11

PMT12

PMT13

PMT14

PMT15

PMT16

PMT17

PMT18

PMT19

PMT20

PMT21

PMT22

PMT23

PMT24

PMT25

PMT26

PMT27

PMT28

PMT29

PMT30

We have some very nice PMTs!!

The extrapolation data will allow us to set high voltages to get specific gains


All 30 PMT• Gain / Spec gain / Noise layered

Gain / Spec Gain / Noise vs. High Voltage

1.00E+03

1.00E+04

1.00E+05

1.00E+06

1.00E+07

1.00E+08

1.00E+09

1.00E+10

1.00E+11

900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800High Voltage (V)

Gain / Spec Gain / Noise

Gain01 Gain02

Gain03 Gain04

Gain05 Gain06

Gain07 Gain08

Gain09 Gain10

Gain11 Gain12

Gain13 Gain14

Gain15 Gain16

Gain17 Gain18

Gain19 Gain20

Gain21 Gain22

Gain23 Gain24

Gain25 Gain26

Gain27 Gain28

Gain29 Gain30

Spec01 Spec02

Spec03 Spec04

Spec05 Spec06

Spec07 Spec08

Spec09 Spec10

Spec11 Spec12

Spec13 Spec14

Spec15 Spec16Spec17 Spec18

Spec19 Spec20

Spec21 Spec22

Spec23 Spec24

Spec25 Spec26

Spec27 Spec28

Spec29 Spec30

Noise01 Noise02

Noise03 Noise04

Noise05 Noise06

Noise07 Noise08

Noise09 Noise10

Noise11 Noise12

Noise13 Noise14

Noise15 Noise16

Noise17 Noise18

Noise19 Noise20

Noise21 Noise22

Noise23 Noise24

Noise25 Noise26

Noise27 Noise28

Noise29 Noise30


Further testing• We found that some of the PMT bases were broken and

needed to be repaired

• In particular, R1 seemed to be the problem on most


Further Testing• After fixing the bases we needed to make sure the PMT

bases could withstand the LAr we would be using them in


Further Testing• We also needed to make some splitters so we could

connect the PMTs to a high voltage source and an oscilloscope to take measurements

Needless to say, I got a little bit more efficient!


Further Testing

• We ran one test in liquid nitrogen

• Everything held up and we got a nice signal

• Testing in liquid nitrogen or LAr will be ready soon

Greenhouses


The idea• Our thought is to coat greenhouses with a

scintillator called bis-MSB to shift the ultraviolet light into blue light

• This blue light should help the plants produce “chlorophyll a” which is used in oxygenic photosynthesis

• We need to make sure the bis-MSB will not affect transmittance and will effectively absorb UV light and emit blue light

• My plots will be illustrating the absorption / emittance of the different greenhouse lids


Emission pre growing• We used a control, 3% bis-MSB, and 0.3% bis-MSB

• We tested 3 different absorption wavelengthsEmission pre growing (300nm)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

200 300 400 500

Wavelength

Intensity

3%

0.30%

Control

Emission pre growing (350nm)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

Wavelength

Intensity

3%

0.30%

Control

Emission pre growing (400nm)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

200 300 400 500

Wavelength

Intensity

3%

0.30%

Control3

As expected, an absorption of 350nm has the most efficient emittance of blue light

Oddly enough, a lower concentration (0.3%) has a more efficient emittance to blue light


Emission post growing• After approximately 5 weeks of growing we retested the absorption /

emittance of the three lids again

• We used the same three wavelengthsEmission post growing (300nm)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

200 300 400 500

Wavelength

Intensity

3%

0.30%

Control

Emission post growing (350nm)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

Wavelength

Intensity

3%

0.30%

Control

Emission post growing (400nm)

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

200 300 400 500

Wavelength

Intensity

3%

0.30%

Control

It seems as if our bis-MSB has been destroyed!


Finding the problem• Our next idea is to find out what / when the bis-MSB gets destroyed

• Our idea is to expose three samples to the outside elements and compare their emission / absorption spectrum to three samples that have remained unexposed

Initial emission of outside and inside samples (300nm)

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

200 300 400 500

Wavelength

Intensity

Outside sample (3%)

Outside sample (0.3%)

Outside sample(Control)

Inside sample (3%)

Inside sample (0.3%)

Inside sample(Control)


Finding the problem• We will be taking the emission / absorption spectrum of the samples

each day to find when the samples lost the bis-MSB or possibly what may have destroyed the bis-MSB

Initial emmision of outside and inside samples (350nm)

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

200 300 400 500

Wavelength

Intensity

Ouside Sample (3%)

Outside sample (0.3%)

Ouside sample (Control)

Inside sample (3%)

Inside sample (0.3%)

Inside sample (Control)

pmt calibration / greenhouses bryan musolf. pmt calibration

Documents

pmt slide

pmt calibration slide

pmts slide

pmt spec gain

pmt noise

bryan musolf fermilab9

bryan musolf fermilab7

bryan musolf fermilab8