Plant Kingdom!!

Characteristics Eukaryotic Autotrophic Multicellular Sexual reproduction Cellulose in cell walls

Need to survive… Sunlight – role in photosynthesis

Gas exchange – Oxygen/carbon dioxide

Water and minerals – symbiotic relationship???

History Thought to evolve from Green algae,

presently classified as a Protist May be moved to plant kingdom due to

cellulose in cells walls and pigment, similar life cycles and their genome

475mya – move to land Small, non vascular, needed water to

reproduce

Life cycle Alternation of generations – has 2

alternating phases Diploid (2n) – Sporophyte – spore

producing plant Haploid (n) – gametophyte – gamete

producing plant

4 types of plants Non-vascular

Vascular seedless

Gymnosperms (naked seed)

Angiosperms (flowering plants)

Non –vascular - Bryophytes No true roots, stems or leaves Water (green algae) and land (mosses) Bryophytes have a protected embryo lack vascular system – why they are

small Gametophyte is dominant generation

Archegonia – eggs Antheridia - sperm

Vascular seedless 2 types of vascular tissue

Xylem – transports water and minerals Phloem – transports food

Sporophyte dominant

Examples - ferns

Gymnosperms – seed plants Seed – plant embryo and a food supply Pollen grain – where male gametophyte

is contained Carried by wind, animals

Seed coat – surrounds and protects the embryo, keeps from drying out.

Angiosperms – flowering plants Advantage – helps to attract animals

and insects to increase reproduction.

Fruits – structure containing 1 or more matured ovaries

Eating of fruits by animals help to disperse seeds for growth

Classification of angiosperms Monocots

Single cotyledon Parallel veins Flower parts in multiples of 3

Dicots Two cotyledon Branched veins Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Plants and Humans Benefits:

Agriculture, food Clothing, fibers Wood, construction Keep the environment clean and green!!

Harmful: toxins, poisons, allergies